【docker】docker 镜像仓库的管理

Docker 仓库（ Docker Registry ） 是用于存储和分发 Docker 镜像的集中式存储库。

它就像是一个大型的镜像仓库，开发者可以将自己创建的 Docker 镜像推送到仓库中，也可以从仓库中拉取所需的镜像。

Docker 仓库可以分为公共仓库和私有仓库：

公共仓库，如 Docker Hub ，任何人都可以访问和使用其中的镜像。许多常用的软件和应用都有在

Docker Hub 上提供的镜像，方便用户直接获取和使用。

例如，您想要部署一个 Nginx 服务器，就可以从 Docker Hub 上拉取 Nginx 的镜像。

私有仓库则是由组织或个人自己搭建和管理的，用于存储内部使用的、不希望公开的镜像。

比如，一家企业为其特定的业务应用创建了定制化的镜像，并将其存储在自己的私有仓库中，以保证安全性和控制访问权限。

通过 Docker 仓库，开发者能够方便地共享和复用镜像，加速应用的开发和部署过程。

搭建docker的私有仓库

1.下载Registry镜像

[root@docker ~]# docker pull registry
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/registry
930bdd4d222e: Pull complete
a15309931e05: Pull complete
6263fb9c821f: Pull complete
86c1d3af3872: Pull complete
a37b1bf6a96f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:12120425f07de11a1b899e418d4b0ea174c8d4d572d45bdb640f93bc7ca06a3d
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry:latest
docker.io/library/registry:latest

 2.开启Registry

[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry
registry
bc58d3753a701ae67351fac335b06a4d7f66afa10ae60b992f647117827734c5
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
PORTS NAMES
bc58d3753a70 registry "/entrypoint.sh /etc…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds
5000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp, :::5000->5000/tcp registry

 3.上传镜像到仓库中

#给要上传的经镜像大标签
[root@docker ~]# docker tag busybox:latest 172.25.254.100:5000/busybox:latest
#docker在上传的过程中默认使用https，但是我们并没有建立https认证需要的认证文件所以会报错
[root@docker ~]# docker push 172.25.254.100:5000/busybox:latest
The push refers to repository [172.25.254.100:5000/busybox]
Get "https://172.25.254.100:5000/v2/": dial tcp 172.25.254.100:5000: connect:
connection refused
#配置非加密端口
[root@docker ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"insecure-registries" : ["http://172.25.254.100:5000"]
}
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker
#上传镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker push 172.25.254.100:5000/busybox:latest
The push refers to repository [172.25.254.100:5000/busybox]
d51af96cf93e: Pushed
latest: digest:
sha256:28e01ab32c9dbcbaae96cf0d5b472f22e231d9e603811857b295e61197e40a9b size: 527
#查看镜像上传
[root@docker ~]# curl 172.25.254.100:5000/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["busybox"]}

为 Registry 提加密传输

#生成认证key和证书
[root@docker ~]# openssl req -newkey rsa:4096 \
-nodes -sha256 -keyout certs/timinglee.org.key \
-addext "subjectAltName = DNS:reg.timinglee.org" \ #指定备用名称
-x509 -days 365 -out certs/timinglee.org.crt
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Shaanxi
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:Xi'an
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:timinglee
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:docker
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:reg.timinglee.org
Email Address []:[e-mail]
#启动registry仓库
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 443:443 --restart=always --name registry \
> --name registry -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry \
> -v /root/certs:/certs \
> -e REGISTRY_HTTP_ADDR=0.0.0.0:443 \
> -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/timinglee.org.crt \
> -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/timinglee.org.key registry

测试：

#为客户端建立证书
[root@docker docker]# mkdir /etc/docker/certs.d/reg.timinglee.org/ -p
[root@docker docker]# cp /root/certs/timinglee.org.crt
/etc/docker/certs.d/reg.timinglee.org/ca.crt
[root@docker docker]# systemctl restart docker
[root@docker docker]# docker push reg.timinglee.org/busybox:latest
The push refers to repository [reg.timinglee.org/busybox]
d51af96cf93e: Pushed
latest: digest:
sha256:28e01ab32c9dbcbaae96cf0d5b472f22e231d9e603811857b295e61197e40a9b size: 527
[root@docker docker]# curl -k https://reg.timinglee.org/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["busybox"]}

为仓库建立登陆认证

[root@docker docker]# dnf install httpd-tools -y
#建立认证文件
[root@docker ~]# mkdir auth
[root@docker ~]# htpasswd -Bc auth/htpasswd timinglee #-B 强制使用最安全加密方式，
默认用md5加密
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user timinglee
#添加认证到registry容器中
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 443:443 --restart=always --name registry \
> --name registry -v /opt/registry:/var/lib/registry \
> -v /root/certs:/certs \
> -e REGISTRY_HTTP_ADDR=0.0.0.0:443 \
> -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/timinglee.org.crt \
> -e REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/timinglee.org.key \
> -v /root/auth:/auth \
> -e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" \
> -e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm" \
> -e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd \
> registry
[root@docker ~]# curl -k https://reg.timinglee.org/v2/_catalog -u timinglee:lee
{"repositories":["busybox","nginx"]}
#登陆测试
[root@docker ~]# docker login reg.timinglee.org
Username: timinglee
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credential-stores
Login Succeeded

建立认证文件

# 添加认证到 registry 容器中

# 登陆测试

当仓库开启认证后必须登陆仓库才能进行镜像上传

#未登陆情况下上传镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker push reg.timinglee.org/busybox
Using default tag: latest
The push refers to repository [reg.timinglee.org/busybox]
d51af96cf93e: Preparing
no basic auth credentials
#未登陆请款下也不能下载
[root@docker-node2 ~]# docker pull reg.timinglee.org/busybox
Using default tag: latest
Error response from daemon: Head
"https://reg.timinglee.org/v2/busybox/manifests/latest": no basic auth
credentials

构建企业级私有仓库

[root@docker ~]# tar zxf harbor-offline-installer-v2.5.4.tgz
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg certs harbor-offline-installer-v2.5.4.tgz
auth harbor
[root@docker ~]# cd harbor/
[root@docker harbor]# cp harbor.yml.tmpl harbor.yml
[root@docker harbor]# vim harbor.yml
hostname: reg.timinglee.org
certificate: /data/certs/timinglee.org.crt
private_key: /data/certs/timinglee.org.key
harbor_admin_password: lee
[root@docker harbor]# ./install.sh --help
Please set --with-notary #证书签名
Please set --with-trivy #安全扫描
Please set --with-chartmuseum if needs enable Chartmuseum in Harbor
[root@docker harbor]# ./install.sh --with-chartmuseum
#管理harbor的容器
[root@docker harbor]# docker compose stop
[root@docker harbor]# docker compose up -d

 

测试页面：