(Linux驱动学习 - 4).Linux 下 DHT11 温湿度传感器驱动编写

        DHT11的通信协议是单总线协议，可以用之前学习的pinctl和gpio子系统完成某IO引脚上数据的读与写。

一.在设备树下添加dht11的设备结点

1.流程图

2.设备树代码

（1）.在设备树的 iomuxc结点下添加 pinctl_dht11

（2）.在根节点下添加 dht11 结点

（3）.在内核源码根目录下重新编译设备树文件

linux@ubuntu:~/IMX6ULL/my_linux_kernel$ make dtbs

（4）.将新的 dtb 文件更新到开发板上，检查是否有 dht11 这个结点

        启动后在/proc/device-tree/目录中查看是否有 dht11 这个节点。

        ​​​​

二.编写 dht11 时序代码

#define DHT11_DelayMs(t)  mdelay(t)
#define DHT11_DelayUs(t)  udelay(t)   #define DHT11_PIN_HIGH  1
#define DHT11_PIN_LOW   0 #define DHT11_IO_OUT()          gpio_direction_output(dht11.dht11_gpio, 1);
#define DHT11_IO_IN()           gpio_direction_input(dht11.dht11_gpio)
#define DHT11_WRITE(bit)        gpio_set_value(dht11.dht11_gpio, bit)
#define DHT11_READ()            gpio_get_value(dht11.dht11_gpio)/*** @description:            等待响应
*/
//等待响应
static int dht11_wait_for_ready(void)
{   int timeout;timeout = 400;while (DHT11_READ() && timeout)      // 等待低电平到来 {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_wait_for_ready timeout1 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;    // 超时 }timeout = 1000; //1000while (!DHT11_READ() && timeout)      // 等待高电平到来  {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_wait_for_ready timeout2 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;    // 超时 }timeout = 1000;while (DHT11_READ() && timeout)  // 等待高电平结束{udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_wait_for_ready timeout3 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;    // 超时 }return 0;
}/*** @description:        起始信号
*/
static int dht11_start(void)
{DHT11_IO_OUT();DHT11_WRITE(0);mdelay(25);DHT11_WRITE(1);udelay(35);DHT11_IO_IN();          // 设置为输入 udelay(2);if (dht11_wait_for_ready()) return -1;return 0;
}/*** @description:            读取一个字节
*///读取数据
static int dht11_read_byte(unsigned char *byte)
{unsigned char i;unsigned char bit = 0;unsigned char data = 0;int timeout = 0;   for (i = 0; i < 8; i++){timeout = 1000;  while (DHT11_READ() && timeout)   // 等待变为低电平 {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_read_byte timeout1 %d\n", __LINE__);         return -1;           // 超时 }timeout = 1000;while (!DHT11_READ() && timeout)    // 等待变为高电平 {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_read_byte timeout2 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;           // 超时 }udelay(40);bit = DHT11_READ();data <<= 1;            if (bit) {data |= 0x01;}}*byte = data;return 0;
}//从DHT11读取一次数据
//temp:温度值(范围:0~50°)
//humi:湿度值(范围:20%~90%)
//返回值：0,正常;1,读取失败
static int dht11_read_data(void)
{        unsigned  char data[5] = {0};int i = 0,ret = 0;// 启动信号 if (dht11_start() != 0){printk("dht11 start failed\n");ret = -EFAULT;}// 读出5字节数据for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)    {if (dht11_read_byte(&data[i])){printk("read data err\n");ret = -EAGAIN;}}if (data[4] != (data[0]+data[1]+data[2]+data[3])){printk("check data failed\n");ret = -EAGAIN;}dht11.humidity = data[0];dht11.temperature = data[2];return 0;
}

三.总的驱动代码

1.流程图

2.代码

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ide.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/of_address.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/semaphore.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>#define DHT11_CNT       1
#define DHT11_NAME      "dht11"#define DHT11_DelayMs(t)  mdelay(t)
#define DHT11_DelayUs(t)  udelay(t)   #define DHT11_PIN_HIGH  1
#define DHT11_PIN_LOW   0 #define DHT11_IO_OUT()          gpio_direction_output(dht11.dht11_gpio, 1);
#define DHT11_IO_IN()           gpio_direction_input(dht11.dht11_gpio)
#define DHT11_WRITE(bit)        gpio_set_value(dht11.dht11_gpio, bit)
#define DHT11_READ()            gpio_get_value(dht11.dht11_gpio)/* dht11设备结构体 */
struct dht11_dev
{dev_t devid;struct cdev cdev;struct class *class;struct device *device;int major;int minor;struct device_node *nd;int dht11_gpio;uint16_t humidity,  temperature;   //检测到的温湿度数据
};struct dht11_dev dht11;/*** @description:            等待响应
*/
//等待响应
static int dht11_wait_for_ready(void)
{   int timeout;timeout = 400;while (DHT11_READ() && timeout)      // 等待低电平到来 {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_wait_for_ready timeout1 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;    // 超时 }timeout = 1000; //1000while (!DHT11_READ() && timeout)      // 等待高电平到来  {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_wait_for_ready timeout2 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;    // 超时 }timeout = 1000;while (DHT11_READ() && timeout)  // 等待高电平结束{udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_wait_for_ready timeout3 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;    // 超时 }return 0;
}/*** @description:        起始信号
*/
static int dht11_start(void)
{DHT11_IO_OUT();DHT11_WRITE(0);mdelay(25);DHT11_WRITE(1);udelay(35);DHT11_IO_IN();          // 设置为输入 udelay(2);if (dht11_wait_for_ready()) return -1;return 0;
}/*** @description:            读取一个字节
*///读取数据
static int dht11_read_byte(unsigned char *byte)
{unsigned char i;unsigned char bit = 0;unsigned char data = 0;int timeout = 0;   for (i = 0; i < 8; i++){timeout = 1000;  while (DHT11_READ() && timeout)   // 等待变为低电平 {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_read_byte timeout1 %d\n", __LINE__);         return -1;           // 超时 }timeout = 1000;while (!DHT11_READ() && timeout)    // 等待变为高电平 {udelay(1);--timeout;}if (!timeout) {printk("dht11_read_byte timeout2 %d\n", __LINE__);return -1;           // 超时 }udelay(40);bit = DHT11_READ();data <<= 1;            if (bit) {data |= 0x01;}}*byte = data;return 0;
}//从DHT11读取一次数据
//temp:温度值(范围:0~50°)
//humi:湿度值(范围:20%~90%)
//返回值：0,正常;1,读取失败
static int dht11_read_data(void)
{        unsigned  char data[5] = {0};int i = 0,ret = 0;// 启动信号 if (dht11_start() != 0){printk("dht11 start failed\n");ret = -EFAULT;}// 读出5字节数据for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)    {if (dht11_read_byte(&data[i])){printk("read data err\n");ret = -EAGAIN;}}if (data[4] != (data[0]+data[1]+data[2]+data[3])){printk("check data failed\n");ret = -EAGAIN;}dht11.humidity = data[0];dht11.temperature = data[2];return 0;
}/*** @description:            DHT11初始化函数
*/
static int dht11io_init(void)
{/* 找到设备树中的结点 */dht11.nd = of_find_node_by_path("/dht11");if(NULL == dht11.nd){return -EINVAL;}/* 获取io编号 */dht11.dht11_gpio = of_get_named_gpio(dht11.nd,"dht11-gpio",0);if(0 > dht11.dht11_gpio){printk("can not get dht11 io\r\n");return -EINVAL;}printk("dht11 gpio num = %d \r\n",dht11.dht11_gpio);/* 初始化io */gpio_request(dht11.dht11_gpio,"dht11a");gpio_direction_output(dht11.dht11_gpio,1);          //初始化为输出高电平return 0;
}/*** @description:            打开DHT11设备* @param - inode   :       传递给驱动的inode* @param - filp    :       设备文件* @return          :       0 成功，其他 失败
*/
static int dht11_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp)
{int ret = 0;filp->private_data = &dht11;ret = dht11io_init();if(0 > ret){return ret;}return 0;
}/*** @description:            读取dht11的数据* @param - filp        :   文件描述符* @param - buf         :   传递给用户空间的缓冲区* @param - cnt         :   要读取的字节数* @param - offt        :   相对于文件首地址的偏移量* @return              :   读取到的字节数
*/
static ssize_t dht11_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buf,size_t cnt,loff_t *offt)
{int ret = 0;uint16_t databuf[2] = {0,0};dht11_read_data();databuf[0] = dht11.humidity;databuf[1] = dht11.temperature;ret = copy_to_user(buf,databuf,sizeof(databuf));return ret;
}/*** @description:            释放设备* @param - filp    :       设备文件* @return          :       0 成功，其他 失败
*/
static int dht11_release(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp)
{return 0;
}/* 绑定操作函数 */
struct file_operations dht11_fops = 
{.owner = THIS_MODULE,.open = dht11_open,.read = dht11_read,.release = dht11_release,
};/*** @description:        驱动入口函数* @param -         :   无* @return          :   无
*/
static int __init dht11_init(void)
{/* 注册字符设备驱动 *//* 1.创建设备号 */if(dht11.major){dht11.devid = MKDEV(dht11.major,0);register_chrdev_region(dht11.devid,DHT11_CNT,DHT11_NAME);}else{alloc_chrdev_region(&dht11.devid,0,DHT11_CNT,DHT11_NAME);dht11.major = MAJOR(dht11.devid);dht11.minor = MINOR(dht11.devid);}printk("dht11 major = %d,minor = %d\r\n",dht11.major,dht11.minor);/* 2.初始化cdev */dht11.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;cdev_init(&dht11.cdev,&dht11_fops);/* 3.添加一个cdev */cdev_add(&dht11.cdev,dht11.devid,DHT11_CNT);/* 4.创建类 */dht11.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,DHT11_NAME);if(IS_ERR(dht11.class)){return PTR_ERR(dht11.class);}/* 5.创建设备 */dht11.device = device_create(dht11.class,NULL,dht11.devid,NULL,DHT11_NAME);if(IS_ERR(dht11.device)){return PTR_ERR(dht11.device);}return 0;
}/*** @description:            驱动出口函数
*/
static void __exit dht11_exit(void)
{/* 注销字符设备驱动 */gpio_free(dht11.dht11_gpio);cdev_del(&dht11.cdev);unregister_chrdev_region(dht11.devid,DHT11_CNT);device_destroy(dht11.class,dht11.devid);class_destroy(dht11.class);
}module_init(dht11_init);
module_exit(dht11_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("kaneki");

Makefile：

KERNELDIR := /home/linux/IMX6ULL/my_linux_kernel
CURRENT_PATH :=$(shell pwd)
obj-m := dht11.o
build: kernel_modules
kernel_modules:$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules
clean:$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean