基于 CSS Grid 的简易拖拉拽 Vue3 组件，从代码到NPM发布（1）- 拖拉拽交互

基于特定的应用场景，需要在页面中以网格的方式，实现目标组件在网格中可以进行拖拉拽、修改大小等交互。本章开始分享如何一步步从代码设计，最后到如何在 NPM 上发布。

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github源码

示例地址

特别说明一下，此组件是基于 CSS 的 display: grid 的，并非全能型拖拉拽交互，grid 不支持的基本就是不支持的，此组件的目标是达到一些简易的网格布局拖拉拽交互。

效果图

项目结构

项目结构是基于另外一个项目 konva-designer-sample，特别说一下需要关注的部分：

└─ dist - 构建的组件库文件
└─ docs - 构建的在线示例网站
└─ src└─ demo│   └─ App.vue - 在线示例页面└─ lib└─ components└─ GridDragResize - 组件目录└─ GridDragResize.vue - 组件└─ GridDragResizeItem.vue - 子组件└─ index.ts - 组件入口└─ style.less - 组件样式└─ types.ts - 组件配套类型声明└─ main.ts - 在线示例代码入口
└─ index.html - 在线示例HTML入口
└─ package.json - 库信息
└─ tsconfig.build.json - 用于构建组件库配套的类型声明文件
└─ vite.config.ts - 构建配置

使用方式

直接先看看组件的使用方式：

src/demo/App.vue

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, h, type Ref } from 'vue'
// 组件
import { GridDragResize } from '@/lib/components/GridDragResize'
// 组件配套类型声明
import type { GridDragResizeProps } from '@/lib/components/GridDragResize/types'// 组件数据结构
const children: Ref<GridDragResizeProps['children']> = ref([{dragHandler: '.demo-item>button',render: () => h('div', { class: "demo-item", style: { background: '#eb9c64' } }, [h('button', 'drag handler')])},{columnStart: 2,draggable: false,render: () => h('div', { class: "demo-item", style: { background: '#ff8789' } }, 'disable drag')},{rowStart: 2,columnStart: 2,render: () => h('div', { class: "demo-item", style: { background: '#554e4f' } }, '1')},{rowStart: 2,rowEnd: 4,columnStart: 4,columnEnd: 5,render: () => h('div', { class: "demo-item", style: { background: '#8fbf9f' } }, '2')},{rowStart: 4,rowEnd: 6,columnStart: 2,columnEnd: 4,render: () => h('div', { class: "demo-item", style: { background: '#346145' } }, '3')},{rowStart: 4,rowEnd: 5,columnStart: 1,columnEnd: 2,render: () => h('div', { class: "demo-item", style: { background: '#c2baa6' } }, '4')},
])
</script><template>
<div class="page"><!-- 组件使用 --><GridDragResize :columns="4" :rows="5" :gap="10" :row-size="100" :readonly="false" :children="children"></GridDragResize><!-- 组件数据结构 实时状态 --><div v-html="JSON.stringify(children, null, 2).replace(/\n/g, '<br>').replace(/\s/g, '&nbsp; ')"></div>
</div>
</template><style lang="less">
// 一些样式初始化*,
*::before,
*::after {box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0;font-weight: normal;
}body {min-height: 100vh;color: var(--color-text);background: var(--color-background);transition:color 0.5s,background-color 0.5s;line-height: 1.6;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Oxygen,Ubuntu,Cantarell,'Fira Sans','Droid Sans','Helvetica Neue',sans-serif;font-size: 15px;text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
</style>
<style lang="less">
// 示例样式
.page {padding: 32px;
}.demo-item {padding: 10px;height: 100%;
}// 组件样式覆盖
.grid-drag-resize {background-color: #eee;.grid-drag-resize__item {background-color: #ddd;&--dragging {box-shadow: 0 0 6px 2px #0000ff;}}
}
</style>

上面可以看出，render 是比较关键的地方，该组件使用方式并非 插槽，而是通过数据结构传入的 render 实现每一块的显示的，它可以是 h 可以是一个个 其他组件。

接下来，可以看看定义：

组件 Props 定义

// src/lib/components/GridDragResize/types.tsimport type { VNode } from 'vue'// 子组件的 Props
export interface GridDragResizeItemProps {draggable?: booleandragHandler?: string // 满足 querySelector 的查询字符串，指向可拖拉拽的元素位置// css display grid 属性columnStart?: numbercolumnEnd?: numberrowStart?: numberrowEnd?: number//render?: () => VNode
}// 组件的 Props
export interface GridDragResizeProps {dragHandler?: string // 同上，优先级 低于 子组件readonly?: boolean // 优先级 低于 子组件 的 draggable//columns?: number // 列数rows?: number // 行数gap?: number // 间隙columnSize?: number // 列宽，默认是 1frrowSize?: number // 行高，默认是 1fr//children?: GridDragResizeItemProps[] // 子组件
}

目前为止，定义非常简单。

组件

src/lib/components/GridDragResize/GridDragResize.vue
逻辑说明，请留意代码注释

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, computed, provide, type Ref } from 'vue'import type { GridDragResizeProps, GridDragResizeItemProps } from './types'import GridDragResizeItem from './GridDragResizeItem.vue'const props = withDefaults(defineProps<GridDragResizeProps>(), {children: () => []
});const style = computed(() => {return {'grid-template-columns': Number.isInteger(props.columns) ? `repeat(${props.columns},${Number.isInteger(props.columnSize) ? `${props.columnSize}px` : '1fr'})` : '','grid-template-rows': Number.isInteger(props.rows) ? `repeat(${props.rows},${Number.isInteger(props.rowSize) ? `${props.rowSize}px` : '1fr'})` : '','grid-gap': Number.isInteger(props.gap) ? `${props.gap}px ${props.gap}px` : ''}
})const rootEle: Ref<HTMLElement | undefined> = ref()// 给子组件穿透转递组件 Props
provide('parentProps', props)// 组件位置、大小信息
const rootRect = computed(() => {return rootEle?.value?.getBoundingClientRect() ?? {height: 0,width: 0,x: 0,y: 0,bottom: 0,right: 0}
})// 列宽
const columnSize = computed(() => {return (rootRect.value.width - (props.gap ?? 0) * ((props.columns ?? 1) - 1)) / (props.columns ?? 1)
})// 行高
const rowSize = computed(() => {return (rootRect.value.height - (props.gap ?? 0) * ((props.rows ?? 1) - 1)) / (props.rows ?? 1)
})// 根据鼠标拖动偏移量，计算列/行方向上，移动后最新的位置和大小
function calcStartEnd(opts: { size: number, gap: number, span: number, max: number, offset: number, startBefore: number }) {let { size, gap, span, max, offset, startBefore } = optslet offsetStart = Math.round(offset / (size + gap))let start = startBefore + offsetStartif (start < 1) {start = 1}if (start + span > max) {start = max - span + 1}return {start,end: start + span}
}// 当前拖动小组件的数据项
const draggingChild: Ref<GridDragResizeItemProps | undefined> = ref()
// 当前拖动小组件的数据项（初始状态）
const draggingChildBefore: Ref<GridDragResizeItemProps | undefined> = ref()
// 当前拖动小组件的位置、大小信息
const draggingChildRect: Ref<DOMRect | undefined> = ref()// 拖动开始位置
let dragStartClientX = 0, dragStartClientY = 0;// 拖动偏移量
let dragOffsetClientX = 0, dragOffsetClientY = 0;let dragging = false// 开始拖动
function dragstart(e: MouseEvent) {if (!props.readonly) {dragging = true// 记录 拖动开始位置dragStartClientX = e.clientXdragStartClientY = e.clientY}
}// 拖动中
function drag(e: MouseEvent) {if (dragging && draggingChild.value && draggingChildRect.value) {// 计算 拖动开始位置dragOffsetClientX = e.clientX - dragStartClientXdragOffsetClientY = e.clientY - dragStartClientY// 当前拖动小组件的 grid 大小let rowSpan = (draggingChild.value.rowEnd ?? draggingChild.value.rowStart ?? 1) - (draggingChild.value.rowStart ?? 1)let columnSpan = (draggingChild.value.columnEnd ?? draggingChild.value.columnStart ?? 1) - (draggingChild.value.columnStart ?? 1)// 边界处理if (rowSpan <= 0) {rowSpan = 1}if (columnSpan <= 0) {columnSpan = 1}// 计算行方向上，移动后最新的位置和大小let { start: rowStart, end: rowEnd } = calcStartEnd({size: rowSize.value, gap: (props.gap ?? 0), span: rowSpan, max: props.rows ?? 1, offset: dragOffsetClientY, startBefore: draggingChildBefore.value?.rowStart ?? 1})// 计算列方向上，移动后最新的位置和大小let { start: columnStart, end: columnEnd } = calcStartEnd({size: columnSize.value, gap: (props.gap ?? 0), span: columnSpan, max: props.columns ?? 1, offset: dragOffsetClientX, startBefore: draggingChildBefore.value?.columnStart ?? 1})// 当前拖动小组件的数据项draggingChild.value.columnStart = columnStartdraggingChild.value.columnEnd = columnEnddraggingChild.value.rowStart = rowStartdraggingChild.value.rowEnd = rowEnd}
}// 拖动结束
function dragend(e: MouseEvent) {e.stopPropagation()dragging = falsedraggingChild.value = undefined
}// 超出组件区域，补充结束事件
document.body.addEventListener('mouseup', dragend)
</script><template>
<div class="grid-drag-resize" :style="style" @mousedown="dragstart" @mousemove="drag" @mouseup="dragend" ref="rootEle"><template v-for="(child, idx) of props.children" :key="idx"><GridDragResizeItem v-bind="child" v-model:column-start="child.columnStart" v-model:column-end="child.columnEnd"v-model:row-start="child.rowStart" v-model:row-end="child.rowEnd"@dragging="(rect) => { draggingChild = child; draggingChildBefore = { ...child }; draggingChildRect = rect }":style="{ 'zIndex': draggingChild === child ? props.children.length + 1 : idx + 1 }":class="{ 'grid-drag-resize__item--dragging': draggingChild === child }"><component :is="child.render"></component></GridDragResizeItem></template>
</div>
</template>

子组件

src/lib/components/GridDragResize/GridDragResizeItem.vue
逻辑说明，请留意代码注释

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref, computed, watchEffect, inject, type Ref } from 'vue'import type { GridDragResizeProps, GridDragResizeItemProps } from './types'const parentProps = inject<GridDragResizeProps>('parentProps')const props = withDefaults(defineProps<GridDragResizeItemProps>(), {draggable: true
});const emit = defineEmits(['update:columnStart', 'update:columnEnd', 'update:rowStart', 'update:rowEnd', 'dragging'])// 数据整理
watchEffect(() => {if (props.columnStart !== void 0) {if (props.columnEnd === void 0 || props.columnEnd < props.columnStart) {emit('update:columnEnd', props.columnStart + 1)}} else {emit('update:columnStart', 1)}if (props.rowStart !== void 0) {if (props.rowEnd === void 0 || props.rowEnd < props.rowStart) {emit('update:rowEnd', props.rowStart + 1)}} else {emit('update:rowStart', 1)}
})// 样式
const style = computed(() => {return {'grid-column-start': props.columnStart,'grid-column-end': props.columnEnd,'grid-row-start': props.rowStart,'grid-row-end': props.rowEnd,}
})const itemEle: Ref<HTMLElement | undefined> = ref()const dragHandlerParsed = computed(() => props.dragHandler ?? parentProps?.dragHandler)
const draggableParsed = computed(() => parentProps?.readonly ? false : props.draggable)// dragHandler 定位、处理、事件绑定
watchEffect(() => {if (draggableParsed.value && dragHandlerParsed.value && itemEle.value) {const handlerEle = itemEle.value.querySelector(dragHandlerParsed.value)if (handlerEle instanceof HTMLElement) {handlerEle.style.cursor = 'grab'handlerEle.addEventListener('mousedown', dragstart)}}
})// 拖动开始
function dragstart() {if (draggableParsed.value) {// 通知父组件 当前拖动小组件emit('dragging', itemEle?.value?.getBoundingClientRect() ?? {height: 0,width: 0,x: 0,y: 0,bottom: 0,right: 0})}
}
</script><template>
<div class="grid-drag-resize__item" :class="{'grid-drag-resize__item--draggable': draggableParsed,'grid-drag-resize__item--draggable-full': draggableParsed && dragHandlerParsed === void 0
}" :style="style" @mousedown="() => dragHandlerParsed ? undefined : dragstart()" ref="itemEle"><slot></slot>
</div>
</template>

样式

.grid-drag-resize {display: grid;.grid-drag-resize__item {&--draggable-full {cursor: grab;user-select: none;}&--dragging {opacity: 0.6;}}
}

组件入口

// src/lib/components/GridDragResize/index.ts
import GridDragResize from './GridDragResize.vue'
import GridDragResizeItem from './GridDragResizeItem.vue'import './style.less'export * from './types'export { GridDragResize, GridDragResizeItem }

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下一章，我们说说如何构建在线示例、组件库，及其如何发布到 NPM 上供开源使用！

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github源码

示例地址