elasticsearch的索引模版使用方法

5 索引模版⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

• 索引模板就是创建索引时要遵循的模板规则
• 索引模板仅对新创建的索引有效，已经创建的索引并不受索引模板的影响

5.1 索引模版的基本使用

1.查看所有的索引模板

GET 10.0.0.91:9200/_index_template

2.创建自定义索引模板 xixi ，设置为 5分片，3副本。

也就是说以后创建的索引，只要是以xixi开头，都会遵循5分片0副本的设置。

POST 10.0.0.91:9200/_index_template/xixi
{"index_patterns": ["xixi*"],"template": {"settings": {"number_of_shards": 5,"number_of_replicas": 3}}
}

3.查看单个索引模板 xixi

GET 10.0.0.91:9200/_index_template/xixi

4.创建测试的索引：PUT 10.0.0.91:9200/xixi-001，查看该条索引确实遵循了索引模版xixi 设置的 5分片0副本

..."number_of_shards": "5","provided_name": "xixi-01","creation_date": "1731679377301","number_of_replicas": "3","uuid": "15RcpNdsQAOqbg97_1AIBQ","version": {"created": "7172299"
...

5.修改索引模板 xixi，修改为 3分片2副本。方法其实和创建索引模版完全一样

PUT 10.0.0.91:9200/_index_template/xixi
{"index_patterns": ["xixi*"],"template": {"settings": {"number_of_shards": 3,"number_of_replicas": 2}}
}

8.删除索引模板 xixi

DELETE 10.0.0.91:9200/_index_template/xixi

5.2 索引模版和组件模版的使用

• 提示：如果索引模版和组件模版同时定义分片数，那么最终索引模版会生效。这里不在演示

1.查看现有的组件模板

GET 10.0.0.93:9200/_component_template/

2.创建自定义的组件模板 haha，设置为10分片

POST 10.0.0.93:9200/_component_template/haha
{"template": {"settings": {"number_of_shards": 10}}
}

3.查看单个组件模板 haha

GET 10.0.0.93:9200/_component_template/haha

4.创建索引模板hehe设置为3副本，并引用haha组件模版（10分片）。这样以后匹配到hehe索引模版的的索引都是10分片3副本

GET 10.0.0.91:9200/_index_template/hehe
{"index_patterns": ["hehe*"],"composed_of": ["haha"],"template": {"settings": {"number_of_replicas": 3}}
}

5.创建一条索引hehe-01：PUT 10.0.0.92:9200/hehe-01，查看符合预期10分片3副本

..."number_of_shards": "10","provided_name": "hehe-01","creation_date": "1731681895210","number_of_replicas": "3","uuid": "p1lOEKawSB6Id70hqbetlw","version": {"created": "7172299"}
...

6 索引别名

• 可以将多个不同的索引打上相同的别名，将来基于别名进行查询，就可以将这些不同索引的数据一起查询。

• 假设有一条索引叫apple，另一条索引叫banana。两者名字上并没有关联，可以给它们打上fruit的别名，这样就能查询这两条索引的

  数据了

• 总结就是：因为索引名称不统一而导致不能批量查询，就可以使用别名

6.1 索引别名使用案例

1.环境准备。创建索引并写入数据

POST 10.0.0.93:9200/_bulk
{ "index" : { "_index" : "children-001"} }
{"name": "韩V童","hobby": ["睡觉","美女","上课"]}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "children-002"} }
{"name": "王K鹏","hobby": ["钓鱼","摸泥鳅","打扑克"]}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "children-003"} }
{"name": "黄钰风","hobby": ["cosplay二次元","喝枸杞","吃羊腰"]}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "children-004"} }
{"name": "刘四","hobby": ["打游戏","吃烤串","欧美大片"]}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "children-005"} }
{"name": "赵x亮","hobby": ["韩V童","吃汉堡","小电影"]}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "children-006"} }
{"name": "陈LL","hobby": ["抽烟","喝酒","烫头"]}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "children-007"} }
{"name": "张T","hobby": ["抽烟","溜鸟","夜跑"]}

2.给索引设置别名。children-001_{6设置别名children；children-001}2设置别名successfully

POST 10.0.0.93:9200/_aliases
{"actions": [{"add": {"index": "children-001","alias": "children"}},{"add": {"index": "children-002","alias": "children"}},{"add": {"index": "children-003","alias": "children"}},{"add": {"index": "children-004","alias": "children"}},{"add": {"index": "children-005","alias": "children"}},{"add": {"index": "children-006","alias": "children"}},{"add": {"index": "children-001","alias": "successfully"}},{"add": {"index": "children-002","alias": "successfully"}}]
}

3.在es head上查看别名

4.创建索引模式，可以发现别名

5.不使用通配符，直接使用别名children进行索引

6.使用别名查询数据，可以发现children把所有children-00{1…6}都匹配到了

6.2 索引别名的管理

1.查看所有索引的别名信息

GET 10.0.0.93:9200/_alias

2.查看指定索引的别名信息

GET 10.0.0.93:9200/children-003/_alias

输出：

{"children-003": {"aliases": {"children": {}}}
}

3.修改别名。把索引children-006的别名修改为boy。

提示：别名不能直接修改，而是移除旧别名，打上新别名

POST 10.0.0.93:9200/_aliases

{"actions": [{"remove": {"index": "children-006","alias": "boy"}},{"add": {"index": "children-006","alias": "boy"}}]
}

查看新别名boy

4.别名的删除

POST 10.0.0.91:9200/_aliases
{"actions": [{"remove": {"index": "children-006","alias": "boy"}}]
}
ias": "boy"}}]
}

查看新别名boy[外链图片转存中…(img-j6dYh6R4-1732552623144)]

4.别名的删除

POST 10.0.0.91:9200/_aliases
{"actions": [{"remove": {"index": "children-006","alias": "boy"}}]
}