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STM32 SPI读取SD卡

news 2025/9/24 10:45:37

七个响应类型：

R1 Response (Normal Response): R1响应是最基本的响应，包含一个字节的状态位，用于指示命令是否成功执行。常用。最高位为0。最低位为1表示是空闲状态。其他位是各种错误提示。

R1b Response (Normal with Busy): 类似于R1，但在命令执行完成后，卡会持续将忙位（busy）发送给主机，直到卡准备好执行下一个命令。

R2 Response (CID or CSD Register Response): 包含两个字节的数据，用于读取CID（Card ID）或CSD（Card Specific Data）寄存器内容。

R3 Response (OCR Register Response): 包含四个字节的数据，用于读取OCR（Operating Conditions Register）寄存器内容。第一个字节就是R1响应，然后是OCR寄存器。OCR中主要看CCS位（标志v2.0高容量和标准容量）和电压支持范围

R6 Response (Published RCA Response): 包含一个字节的状态位和一个字节的相对卡地址（RCA），用于获取卡的相对地址。

R7 Response (Card Interface Condition Response): 包含一个字节的状态位和一个字节的回应信息，用于卡初始化阶段。常用返回状态。命令8专属响应

Data Response (for Data Transfer Commands): 在读/写数据时，卡会响应数据响应，用于指示数据是否成功接收。

数据传输控制：

数据块传输时，存在Token控制传输。

1.数据响应Token：

一个字节，格式如下

XXX Status 1

其中Status三个bit，010数据正常接收，101 CRC校验失败。110写入错误

2.数据块开始和停止Token

单块读写和多块读中数据块开头的Token是固定0xFE表示数据块开始

多块写使用0xFC开始，0xFD结束。

命令表：

初始化流程图：

这个流程图实际上是SDIO模式的，SPI在识别V1卡上有区别，然后并没有进入识别状态和请求RCA的过程。

1.上电后将SPI模式设置为低速模式要求小于400Kb/s。然后片选

2.等待至少47个CLK时间，一般发送8个无效字节即可

3.发送CMD0直至卡进入空闲状态（r1==0x01）

4.检查卡类型，发送CMD8,若有回应则是V2.0卡需进行后续判别，V1卡的识别是发送CMD8失败后，继续发送CMD55+ACMD41然后根据r1返回值小于等于1则是V1.0卡，不响应就要判断MMC和其他不受支持的卡。判断MMC卡是继续发送CMD1，如果响应是MMC卡，否则不受支持，均结束初始化。SPI模式中没有获取RCA步骤。

5.如果确定是V2.0卡，为获得R3回复需再发送4个字节，第3第4字节分别为0x01和0xAA则支持2.7-3.6V。

6.再循环发送CMD55+ACMD41，直到返回0x00，进入Ready状态

7.发送CMD58，获得R1回复后再发送4字节获得OCR值（R3回复）。buff[0]&0x40就是V2HC，否则就是V2标准容量。

结束初始化。

数据传输：

SD卡单块读取流程：

发送CMD17开始读取数据块并等待R1响应，后继续等待数据起始令牌0xFE,然后接收数据，禁止片选即可完成读取。

对于标准容量卡数据块大小由CMD16设置，SDHC卡就是512字节

多块读取：

发送CMD18，等待R1响应，等待起始数据令牌0XFE，读第一块，等待数据令牌0xFE，读第二块

...

发送CMD12后等待R1

禁止片选

SD单块写入：

发CMD24,等待响应，发送数据起始令牌0xFE,写入第一数据块，检测MISO是否为低（低表示SD卡忙），MISO为高后发送两字节伪CRC 0xFF，禁止片选

多块写：

发ACMD23预擦除，发ACMD25开始写，发送起始令牌0xFC，写入第一个数据块，等待不忙了再写2字节伪CRC 0xFF，继续发起始令牌，第二块数据.....,发送结束令牌0xFD,禁止片选。

驱动代码：

//mmc_sd.h
/*
GPIO初始化要求 片选线需要推挽输出默认输出高电平，高速。片选线低电平有效
SPI选用CPOL=1，CPHA=1,全双工，256分频，Motorola模式，软件NSS，不使用CRC，禁用TI模式
*/
#ifndef __SD_H
#define __SD_H#include "main.h"
#include "spi.h"
#include <stdio.h>
//片选线宏定义，CubeMX初始化后还需要在这里设置一下宏定义
#define SD_CS_GPIO_Port GPIOA
#define SD_CS_Pin GPIO_PIN_3#define SD_SPI hspi1extern uint8_t SD_TYPE;//SD卡类型
#define ERR     	0x00
#define MMC				0x01
#define V1				0x02
#define V2				0x04
#define V2HC			0x06#define DUMMY_BYTE				 0xFF 
#define MSD_BLOCKSIZE			 512//CMD定义
#define CMD0    0       //卡复位
#define CMD1    1
#define CMD8    8       //命令8 ，SEND_IF_COND
#define CMD9    9       //命令9 ，读CSD数据
#define CMD10   10      //命令10，读CID数据
#define CMD12   12      //命令12，停止数据传输
#define CMD16   16      //命令16，设置SectorSize 应返回0x00
#define CMD17   17      //命令17，读sector
#define CMD18   18      //命令18，读Multi sector
#define CMD23   23      //命令23，设置多sector写入前预先擦除N个block
#define CMD24   24      //命令24，写sector
#define CMD25   25      //命令25，写Multi sector
#define CMD41   41      //命令41，应返回0x00
#define CMD55   55      //命令55，应返回0x01
#define CMD58   58      //命令58，读OCR信息
#define CMD59   59      //命令59，使能/禁止CRC，应返回0x00//数据写入回应字意义
#define MSD_DATA_OK                0x05
#define MSD_DATA_CRC_ERROR         0x0B
#define MSD_DATA_WRITE_ERROR       0x0D
#define MSD_DATA_OTHER_ERROR       0xFF
//SD卡回应标记字
#define MSD_RESPONSE_NO_ERROR      0x00
#define MSD_IN_IDLE_STATE          0x01
#define MSD_ERASE_RESET            0x02
#define MSD_ILLEGAL_COMMAND        0x04
#define MSD_COM_CRC_ERROR          0x08
#define MSD_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR   0x10
#define MSD_ADDRESS_ERROR          0x20
#define MSD_PARAMETER_ERROR        0x40
#define MSD_RESPONSE_FAILURE       0xFFenum _CD_HOLD
{HOLD = 0,RELEASE = 1,
};typedef struct               /* Card Specific Data */
{uint8_t  CSDStruct;            /* CSD structure */uint8_t  SysSpecVersion;       /* System specification version */uint8_t  Reserved1;            /* Reserved */uint8_t  TAAC;                 /* Data read access-time 1 */uint8_t  NSAC;                 /* Data read access-time 2 in CLK cycles */uint8_t  MaxBusClkFrec;        /* Max. bus clock frequency */uint16_t CardComdClasses;      /* Card command classes */uint8_t  RdBlockLen;           /* Max. read data block length */uint8_t  PartBlockRead;        /* Partial blocks for read allowed */uint8_t  WrBlockMisalign;      /* Write block misalignment */uint8_t  RdBlockMisalign;      /* Read block misalignment */uint8_t  DSRImpl;              /* DSR implemented */uint8_t  Reserved2;            /* Reserved */uint32_t DeviceSize;           /* Device Size */uint8_t  MaxRdCurrentVDDMin;   /* Max. read current @ VDD min */uint8_t  MaxRdCurrentVDDMax;   /* Max. read current @ VDD max */uint8_t  MaxWrCurrentVDDMin;   /* Max. write current @ VDD min */uint8_t  MaxWrCurrentVDDMax;   /* Max. write current @ VDD max */uint8_t  DeviceSizeMul;        /* Device size multiplier */uint8_t  EraseGrSize;          /* Erase group size */uint8_t  EraseGrMul;           /* Erase group size multiplier */uint8_t  WrProtectGrSize;      /* Write protect group size */uint8_t  WrProtectGrEnable;    /* Write protect group enable */uint8_t  ManDeflECC;           /* Manufacturer default ECC */uint8_t  WrSpeedFact;          /* Write speed factor */uint8_t  MaxWrBlockLen;        /* Max. write data block length */uint8_t  WriteBlockPaPartial;  /* Partial blocks for write allowed */uint8_t  Reserved3;            /* Reserded */uint8_t  ContentProtectAppli;  /* Content protection application */uint8_t  FileFormatGrouop;     /* File format group */uint8_t  CopyFlag;             /* Copy flag (OTP) */uint8_t  PermWrProtect;        /* Permanent write protection */uint8_t  TempWrProtect;        /* Temporary write protection */uint8_t  FileFormat;           /* File Format */uint8_t  ECC;                  /* ECC code */uint8_t  CSD_CRC;              /* CSD CRC */uint8_t  Reserved4;            /* always 1*/
}
MSD_CSD;typedef struct				 /*Card Identification Data*/
{uint8_t  ManufacturerID;       /* ManufacturerID */uint16_t OEM_AppliID;          /* OEM/Application ID */uint32_t ProdName1;            /* Product Name part1 */uint8_t  ProdName2;            /* Product Name part2*/uint8_t  ProdRev;              /* Product Revision */uint32_t ProdSN;               /* Product Serial Number */uint8_t  Reserved1;            /* Reserved1 */uint16_t ManufactDate;         /* Manufacturing Date */uint8_t  CID_CRC;              /* CID CRC */uint8_t  Reserved2;            /* always 1 */
}
MSD_CID;typedef struct
{MSD_CSD CSD;MSD_CID CID;uint32_t Capacity;              /* Card Capacity */uint32_t BlockSize;             /* Card Block Size */uint16_t RCA;uint8_t CardType;uint32_t SpaceTotal;            /* Total space size in file system */uint32_t SpaceFree;      	     /* Free space size in file system */
}
MSD_CARDINFO, *PMSD_CARDINFO;extern MSD_CARDINFO SD0_CardInfo;//SD_Init需要在CubeMX提前配置好SPI和CS线（GPIO High Level,High Speed,Push Up,PushPull）
uint8_t		 	SD_init(void);
void 				SD_CS(uint8_t p);
//得到的值右移11位即为MB
uint32_t  	SD_GetSectorCount(void);
uint8_t 		SD_GETCID (uint8_t *cid_data);
uint8_t 		SD_GETCSD(uint8_t *csd_data);
int 				MSD0_GetCardInfo(PMSD_CARDINFO SD0_CardInfo);
uint8_t			SD_ReceiveData(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
uint8_t 		SD_SendBlock(uint8_t*buf,uint8_t cmd);
//主要导出函数
uint8_t 		SD_ReadDisk(uint8_t*buf,uint32_t sector,uint8_t cnt);
uint8_t 		SD_WriteDisk(uint8_t*buf,uint32_t sector,uint8_t cnt);void SPI_setspeed(uint8_t speed);
uint8_t spi_readwrite(uint8_t Txdata);
void Get_SDCard_Capacity(void);
//void WritetoSD(char filename[], uint8_t write_buff[], uint8_t bufSize);#endif

//mmc_sd.c
#include "mmc_sd.h"uint8_t DFF=0xFF;
uint8_t test;
uint8_t SD_TYPE=0x00;MSD_CARDINFO SD0_CardInfo;//
//片选
//
void SD_CS(uint8_t p){if(p==0){	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SD_CS_GPIO_Port,SD_CS_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET);}else{HAL_GPIO_WritePin(SD_CS_GPIO_Port,SD_CS_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET);}
}
///
//发送命令，发完释放
//
int SD_sendcmd(uint8_t cmd,uint32_t arg,uint8_t crc){uint8_t r1;uint8_t retry;printf("\r\nCMD:0x%2X\r\n",cmd);SD_CS(0);HAL_Delay(20);SD_CS(1);do{retry=spi_readwrite(DFF);}while(retry!=0xFF);uint8_t Txdata[6]={cmd|0x40,arg>>24,arg>>16,arg>>8,arg,crc};HAL_SPI_Transmit(&SD_SPI,Txdata,6,100);  if(cmd==CMD12){spi_readwrite(DFF);}do{HAL_SPI_Receive(&SD_SPI,&r1,1,0xFF);}while(r1&0X80);return r1;
}//SD卡初始化uint8_t SD_init(void)
{uint8_t r1;	uint8_t buff[6] = {0};uint16_t retry; uint8_t i;uint8_t data=0xff;SPI_setspeed(SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_256);SD_CS(0);//等待至少74个低速时钟周期for(retry=0;retry<10;retry++){HAL_SPI_Transmit(&SD_SPI,&data,1,0xFF);}//SD卡进入IDLE状态do{r1 = SD_sendcmd(CMD0 ,0, 0x95);	}while(r1!=0x01);//查看SD卡的类型SD_TYPE=0;r1 = SD_sendcmd(CMD8, 0x1AA, 0x87);if(r1==0x01)//SD V2.0{for(i=0;i<4;i++){buff[i]=spi_readwrite(DFF);	//Get trailing return value of R7 resp}if(buff[2]==0X01 && buff[3]==0XAA)//卡是否支持2.7~3.6V{retry=0XFFFE;//等待卡进入Ready状态do{SD_sendcmd(CMD55,0,0X01);	//发送CMD55r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD41,0x40000000,0X01);//发送CMD41}while(r1&&retry--);if(retry&&SD_sendcmd(CMD58,0,0X01)==0)//鉴别SD2.0卡版本开始{for(i=0;i<4;i++)buff[i]=spi_readwrite(0XFF);//得到OCR值//检查CCS位是否为1if(buff[0]&0x40){SD_TYPE=V2HC;}else {SD_TYPE=V2;}						}}}else//SD V1.x/ MMC	V3{SD_sendcmd(CMD55,0,0X01);			//发送CMD55r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD41,0,0X01);	//发送CMD41if(r1<=1){		SD_TYPE=V1;retry=0XFFFE;do //等待退出IDLE模式{SD_sendcmd(CMD55,0,0X01);	//发送CMD55r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD41,0,0X01);//发送CMD41}while(r1&&retry--);}else//MMC卡不支持CMD55+CMD41识别{SD_TYPE=MMC;//MMC V3retry=0XFFFE;do //等待退出IDLE模式{											    r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD1,0,0X01);//发送CMD1}while(r1&&retry--);  }if(retry==0||SD_sendcmd(CMD16,512,0X01)!=0)SD_TYPE=ERR;//错误的卡}SD_CS(0);SPI_setspeed(SPI_BAUDRATEPRESCALER_2);if(SD_TYPE)return 0;else return r1;
}//读取指定长度数据
uint8_t SD_ReceiveData(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
{uint8_t r1;SD_CS(1);									   do{ r1 = spi_readwrite(0xFF);	HAL_Delay(100);}while(r1 != 0xFE);	while(len--){*data = spi_readwrite(0xFF);data++;}//接收两个无效的CRC和停止位spi_readwrite(0xFF);spi_readwrite(0xFF); 										  		return 0;
}
//向sd卡写入一个数据包的内容 512字节
uint8_t SD_SendBlock(uint8_t*buf,uint8_t cmd)
{	uint16_t t;	
uint8_t r1;	do{r1=spi_readwrite(0xFF);}while(r1!=0xFF);spi_readwrite(cmd);if(cmd!=0XFD)//不是结束指令{for(t=0;t<512;t++)spi_readwrite(buf[t]);//提高速度,减少函数传参时间spi_readwrite(0xFF);//忽略crcspi_readwrite(0xFF);t=spi_readwrite(0xFF);//接收响应if((t&0x1F)!=0x05)return 2;//响应错误									  					    }						 									  					    return 0;//写入成功
}//获取CID信息
uint8_t SD_GETCID (uint8_t *cid_data)
{uint8_t r1;r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD10,0,0x01); //读取CID寄存器if(r1==0x00){r1=SD_ReceiveData(cid_data,16);}SD_CS(0);if(r1)return 1;else return 0;
}
//获取CSD信息
uint8_t SD_GETCSD(uint8_t *csd_data){uint8_t r1;	 r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD9,0,0x01);//发CMD9命令，读CSD寄存器if(r1==0){r1=SD_ReceiveData(csd_data, 16);//接收16个字节的数据 }SD_CS(0);//取消片选if(r1)return 1;else return 0;
}
//获取SD卡的总扇区数,右移11位就是MB单位
uint32_t SD_GetSectorCount(void)
{uint8_t csd[16];uint32_t Capacity;  uint8_t n;uint16_t csize;  					    //取CSD信息，如果期间出错，返回0if(SD_GETCSD(csd)!=0) return 0;	    //如果为SDHC卡，按照下面方式计算if((csd[0]&0xC0)==0x40)	 //V2.00的卡{	csize = csd[9] + ((uint16_t)csd[8] << 8) + 1;Capacity = (uint32_t)csize << 10;//得到扇区数	 		   }else//V1.XX的卡{	n = (csd[5] & 15) + ((csd[10] & 128) >> 7) + ((csd[9] & 3) << 1) + 2;csize = (csd[8] >> 6) + ((uint16_t)csd[7] << 2) + ((uint16_t)(csd[6] & 3) << 10) + 1;Capacity= (uint32_t)csize << (n - 9);//得到扇区数   }return Capacity;
}
int MSD0_GetCardInfo(PMSD_CARDINFO SD0_CardInfo)
{uint8_t r1;uint8_t CSD_Tab[16];uint8_t CID_Tab[16];/* Send CMD9, Read CSD */r1 = SD_sendcmd(CMD9, 0, 0xFF);if(r1 != 0x00){return r1;}if(SD_ReceiveData(CSD_Tab, 16)){return 1;}/* Send CMD10, Read CID */r1 = SD_sendcmd(CMD10, 0, 0xFF);if(r1 != 0x00){return r1;}if(SD_ReceiveData(CID_Tab, 16)){return 2;}  /* Byte 0 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.CSDStruct = (CSD_Tab[0] & 0xC0) >> 6;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.SysSpecVersion = (CSD_Tab[0] & 0x3C) >> 2;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.Reserved1 = CSD_Tab[0] & 0x03;/* Byte 1 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.TAAC = CSD_Tab[1] ;/* Byte 2 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.NSAC = CSD_Tab[2];/* Byte 3 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.MaxBusClkFrec = CSD_Tab[3];/* Byte 4 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.CardComdClasses = CSD_Tab[4] << 4;/* Byte 5 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.CardComdClasses |= (CSD_Tab[5] & 0xF0) >> 4;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.RdBlockLen = CSD_Tab[5] & 0x0F;/* Byte 6 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.PartBlockRead = (CSD_Tab[6] & 0x80) >> 7;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.WrBlockMisalign = (CSD_Tab[6] & 0x40) >> 6;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.RdBlockMisalign = (CSD_Tab[6] & 0x20) >> 5;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DSRImpl = (CSD_Tab[6] & 0x10) >> 4;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.Reserved2 = 0; /* Reserved */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSize = (CSD_Tab[6] & 0x03) << 10;/* Byte 7 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSize |= (CSD_Tab[7]) << 2;/* Byte 8 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSize |= (CSD_Tab[8] & 0xC0) >> 6;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.MaxRdCurrentVDDMin = (CSD_Tab[8] & 0x38) >> 3;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.MaxRdCurrentVDDMax = (CSD_Tab[8] & 0x07);/* Byte 9 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.MaxWrCurrentVDDMin = (CSD_Tab[9] & 0xE0) >> 5;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.MaxWrCurrentVDDMax = (CSD_Tab[9] & 0x1C) >> 2;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSizeMul = (CSD_Tab[9] & 0x03) << 1;/* Byte 10 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSizeMul |= (CSD_Tab[10] & 0x80) >> 7;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.EraseGrSize = (CSD_Tab[10] & 0x7C) >> 2;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.EraseGrMul = (CSD_Tab[10] & 0x03) << 3;/* Byte 11 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.EraseGrMul |= (CSD_Tab[11] & 0xE0) >> 5;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.WrProtectGrSize = (CSD_Tab[11] & 0x1F);/* Byte 12 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.WrProtectGrEnable = (CSD_Tab[12] & 0x80) >> 7;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.ManDeflECC = (CSD_Tab[12] & 0x60) >> 5;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.WrSpeedFact = (CSD_Tab[12] & 0x1C) >> 2;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.MaxWrBlockLen = (CSD_Tab[12] & 0x03) << 2;/* Byte 13 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.MaxWrBlockLen |= (CSD_Tab[13] & 0xc0) >> 6;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.WriteBlockPaPartial = (CSD_Tab[13] & 0x20) >> 5;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.Reserved3 = 0;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.ContentProtectAppli = (CSD_Tab[13] & 0x01);/* Byte 14 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.FileFormatGrouop = (CSD_Tab[14] & 0x80) >> 7;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.CopyFlag = (CSD_Tab[14] & 0x40) >> 6;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.PermWrProtect = (CSD_Tab[14] & 0x20) >> 5;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.TempWrProtect = (CSD_Tab[14] & 0x10) >> 4;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.FileFormat = (CSD_Tab[14] & 0x0C) >> 2;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.ECC = (CSD_Tab[14] & 0x03);/* Byte 15 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.CSD_CRC = (CSD_Tab[15] & 0xFE) >> 1;SD0_CardInfo->CSD.Reserved4 = 1;if(SD0_CardInfo->CardType == V2HC){/* Byte 7 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSize = (uint16_t)(CSD_Tab[8]) *256;/* Byte 8 */SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSize += CSD_Tab[9] ;}SD0_CardInfo->Capacity = SD0_CardInfo->CSD.DeviceSize * MSD_BLOCKSIZE * 1024;SD0_CardInfo->BlockSize = MSD_BLOCKSIZE;/* Byte 0 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ManufacturerID = CID_Tab[0];/* Byte 1 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.OEM_AppliID = CID_Tab[1] << 8;/* Byte 2 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.OEM_AppliID |= CID_Tab[2];/* Byte 3 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdName1 = CID_Tab[3] << 24;/* Byte 4 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdName1 |= CID_Tab[4] << 16;/* Byte 5 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdName1 |= CID_Tab[5] << 8;/* Byte 6 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdName1 |= CID_Tab[6];/* Byte 7 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdName2 = CID_Tab[7];/* Byte 8 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdRev = CID_Tab[8];/* Byte 9 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdSN = CID_Tab[9] << 24;/* Byte 10 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdSN |= CID_Tab[10] << 16;/* Byte 11 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdSN |= CID_Tab[11] << 8;/* Byte 12 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ProdSN |= CID_Tab[12];/* Byte 13 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.Reserved1 |= (CID_Tab[13] & 0xF0) >> 4;/* Byte 14 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ManufactDate = (CID_Tab[13] & 0x0F) << 8;/* Byte 15 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.ManufactDate |= CID_Tab[14];/* Byte 16 */SD0_CardInfo->CID.CID_CRC = (CID_Tab[15] & 0xFE) >> 1;SD0_CardInfo->CID.Reserved2 = 1;return 0;  
}//可跨block写SD卡，写的数量是sector*cnt,如果buf不够长则继续向下写入乱码
//buf:数据缓存区
//sector:起始扇区
//cnt:扇区数
//返回值:0,ok;其他,失败.
uint8_t SD_WriteDisk(uint8_t*buf,uint32_t sector,uint8_t cnt)
{uint8_t r1;if(SD_TYPE!=V2HC)sector *= 512;//转换为字节地址if(cnt==1){r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD24,sector,0X01);//标准卡是写SEL_BLOCK_LEN字节,SDHC写入512字节块命令if(r1==0)//指令发送成功{r1=SD_SendBlock(buf,0xFE);//写512个字节	   }}else{if(SD_TYPE!=MMC){SD_sendcmd(CMD55,0,0X01);	SD_sendcmd(CMD23,cnt,0X01);//发送指令	}r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD25,sector,0X01);//连续写SD卡命令if(r1==0){do{r1=SD_SendBlock(buf,0xFC);//接收512个字节	 buf+=512;  }while(--cnt && r1==0);r1=SD_SendBlock(0,0xFD);//接收512个字节 }}   SD_CS(0);//取消片选return r1;//
}	
//读SD卡
//buf:数据缓存区
//sector:扇区
//cnt:扇区数
//返回值:0,ok;其他,失败. 2是缓冲区溢出告警
uint8_t SD_ReadDisk(uint8_t *buf,uint32_t sector,uint8_t cnt)
{if(sector*cnt > sizeof(buf))return 2;uint8_t r1;if(SD_TYPE!=V2HC)sector <<= 9;//转换为字节地址if(cnt==1){r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD17,sector,0X01);//读命令if(r1==0)//指令发送成功{r1=SD_ReceiveData(buf,512);//接收512个字节	   }}else{r1=SD_sendcmd(CMD18,sector,0X01);//连续读命令do{r1=SD_ReceiveData(buf,512);//接收512个字节	 buf+=512;  }while(--cnt && r1==0); 	SD_sendcmd(CMD12,0,0X01);	//发送停止命令}   SD_CS(0);//取消片选return r1;//
}uint8_t spi_readwrite(uint8_t Txdata){uint8_t Rxdata;	HAL_SPI_TransmitReceive(&hspi1,&Txdata,&Rxdata,1,100);return Rxdata;
}
//SPI1波特率设置
void SPI_setspeed(uint8_t speed){assert_param(IS_SPI_BAUDRATE_PRESCALER(SPI_BaudRatePrescaler));//判断有效性__HAL_SPI_DISABLE(&SD_SPI);            //关闭SPISD_SPI.Instance->CR1&=0XFFC7;          //位3-5清零，用来设置波特率SD_SPI.Instance->CR1|=speed;//设置SPI速度__HAL_SPI_ENABLE(&SD_SPI);             //使能SPI
}void Get_SDCard_Capacity(void)
{uint8_t res;res = SD_init();		//SD卡初始化if(res == 1){printf("SD卡初始化失败! \r\n");		}else{printf("SD卡初始化成功！ \r\n");		}} ///END//

参考文献：

36. SD卡—读写测试（SPI模式） — [野火]STM32库开发实战指南——基于野火MINI开发板文档

stm32中的SDIO_stm32 sdio-CSDN博客

stm32读写SD卡(SPI模式)_spi sd卡-CSDN博客

还有正点原子的讲解视频