python: SQLAlchemy (ORM) Simple example using mysql in Ubuntu 24.04

mysql sql script:

create table School  表
(`SchoolId` char(5) NOT NULL comment'主鍵primary key，學校編號',`SchoolName` nvarchar(500) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' comment' 學校名稱',`SchoolTelNo`  varchar(8)  NULL DEFAULT '' comment'電話號碼',PRIMARY KEY (SchoolId)   #主鍵
)COMMENT='學校表 School Table' DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;create table Teacher
(`TeacherId` char(5) NOT NULL comment'主鍵primary key，老师編號',`TeacherFirstName` nvarchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' comment' 名',`TeacherLastName` nvarchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' comment' 姓',`TeacherGender` char(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' comment'性別',`TeacherTelNo`  varchar(8)  NULL DEFAULT '' comment'電話號碼',`TeacherSchoolId`  char(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' comment'外鍵 foreign key 學校ID',PRIMARY KEY (TeacherId),   #主鍵FOREIGN KEY(TeacherSchoolId) REFERENCES School(SchoolId)  #外鍵
)COMMENT='老師表Teacher Table' DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

项目结构

领域层（Domain Layer）

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:23
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : domain/entities/school.py
# explain   : 学习
'''
create table School  表
(`SchoolId` char(5) NOT NULL comment'主鍵primary key，學校編號',`SchoolName` nvarchar(500) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' comment' 學校名稱',`SchoolTelNo`  varchar(8)  NULL DEFAULT '' comment'電話號碼',PRIMARY KEY (SchoolId)   #主鍵
)COMMENT='學校表 School Table' DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;'''class School:"""领域层（Domain Layer）定义业务实体"""def __init__(self, school_id, school_name, school_tel_no):""":param school_id: 學校編號:param school_name: 學校名稱:param school_tel_no:電話號碼"""self.school_id = school_idself.school_name = school_nameself.school_tel_no = school_tel_no# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:27
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : domain/repositories/school.py
# explain   : 学习
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import List
from ..entities.school import Schoolclass SchoolRepository(ABC):"""领域层（Domain Layer）存储库接口"""@abstractmethoddef add(self, school: School):pass@abstractmethoddef update(self, school: School):pass@abstractmethoddef delete(self, school_id: str):"""删除:param school_id::return:"""passdef get_schoolall(self) -> List[School]:"""所有:return:"""pass@abstractmethoddef get_all(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = "") -> List[School]:"""分页:param page::param page_size::param search_query::return:"""pass@abstractmethoddef get_total_count(self, search_query: str = "") -> int:pass

基础设施层（Infrastructure Layer）

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:46
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : infrastructure/model/school.py
# explain   : 学习from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, declarative_base, relationshipBase = declarative_base()class SchoolModel(Base):"""基础设施层（Infrastructure Layer）数据库交互分开会报错"""__tablename__ = 'School'SchoolId = Column(String(5), primary_key=True)SchoolName = Column(String(500), nullable=False, default='')SchoolTelNo = Column(String(8), nullable=True, default='')teachers = relationship("TeacherModel", back_populates="school")class TeacherModel(Base):"""基础设施层（Infrastructure）数据库交互"""__tablename__ = 'Teacher'TeacherId = Column(String(5), primary_key=True)TeacherFirstName = Column(String(100), nullable=False, default='')TeacherLastName = Column(String(20), nullable=False, default='')TeacherGender = Column(String(2), nullable=False, default='')TeacherTelNo = Column(String(8), nullable=True, default='')TeacherSchoolId = Column(String(5), ForeignKey('School.SchoolId'), nullable=False, default='')school = relationship("SchoolModel", back_populates="teachers")# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:46
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : infrastructure/repositories/school.py
# explain   : 学习
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, String, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, declarative_base, relationship
from domain.entities.school import School
from ..model.school import SchoolModel
from ..database.mysqlHelper import MysqlHeler
from typing import List
class SchoolRepository:"""基础设施层（Infrastructure Layer）实现存储库接口"""def __init__(self):""""""self._Session = MysqlHeler()def add(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""session = self._Session.getSession()school_model = SchoolModel(SchoolId=school.school_id, SchoolName=school.school_name,SchoolTelNo=school.school_tel_no)session.add(school_model)session.commit()session.close()def update(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""session = self._Session.getSession()school_model = session.query(SchoolModel).filter_by(SchoolId=school.school_id).first()if school_model:school_model.SchoolName = school.school_nameschool_model.SchoolTelNo = school.school_tel_nosession.commit()session.close()def delete(self, school_id: str):""":param school_id::return:"""session = self._Session.getSession()school_model = session.query(SchoolModel).filter_by(SchoolId=school_id).first()if school_model:session.delete(school_model)session.commit()session.close()def get_schoolall(self) -> List[School]:"""查询所有所学校:return:"""session = self._Session.getSession()query = session.query(SchoolModel).all()'''li=[School(school.SchoolId, school.SchoolName, school.SchoolTelNo) for school in query]for i in li:print(i.school_id,i.school_name,i.school_tel_no)print("query", [School(school.SchoolId, school.SchoolName, school.SchoolTelNo) for school in query])'''session.close()return [School(school.SchoolId, school.SchoolName, school.SchoolTelNo) for school in query]def get_all(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = "") -> List[School]:""":param page::param page_size::param search_query::return:"""session = self._Session.getSession()query = session.query(SchoolModel)if search_query:query = query.filter((SchoolModel.SchoolId.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolName.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolTelNo.contains(search_query)))offset = (page - 1) * page_sizeschool_models = query.offset(offset).limit(page_size).all()session.close()return [School(school.SchoolId, school.SchoolName, school.SchoolTelNo) for school in school_models]def get_total_count(self, search_query: str = ""):""":param search_query::return:"""session = self._Session.getSession()query = session.query(SchoolModel)if search_query:query = query.filter((SchoolModel.SchoolId.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolName.contains(search_query)) |(SchoolModel.SchoolTelNo.contains(search_query)))count = query.count()session.close()return count

应用层（Application Layer）

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:04
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : application/services/school.py
# explain   : 学习from typing import List
from domain.entities.school import School
from domain.repositories.school import SchoolRepositoryclass SchoolService:"""应用层（Application Layer）封装业务逻辑。"""def __init__(self, repository: SchoolRepository):""":param repository:"""self.repository = repositorydef add_school(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""self.repository.add(school)def update_school(self, school: School):""":param school::return:"""self.repository.update(school)def delete_school(self, school_id: str):""":param school_id::return:"""self.repository.delete(school_id)def get_schoolall(self) -> List[School]:"""所有:return:"""return self.repository.get_schoolall()def get_schools(self, page: int, page_size: int, search_query: str = "") -> List[School]:""":param page::param page_size::param search_query::return:"""return self.repository.get_all(page, page_size, search_query)def get_total_school_count(self, search_query: str = "") -> int:""":param search_query::return:"""return self.repository.get_total_count(search_query)

表现层（Presentation Layer）

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:47
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : presentation/views/school.py
# explain   : 学习import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttkclass SchoolView(object):"""表现层（Presentation Layer）包含视图和控制器，处理用户界面和操作。"""def __init__(self, parent):""":param parent:"""self.frame = tk.Frame(parent)# 搜索框self.search_frame = ttk.Frame(self.frame)self.search_frame.pack(pady=10)self.search_entry = ttk.Entry(self.search_frame)self.search_entry.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.search_button = ttk.Button(self.search_frame, text="Search")self.search_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)# Treeviewself.tree = ttk.Treeview(self.frame, columns=('SchoolId', 'SchoolName', 'SchoolTelNo'), show='headings')self.tree.heading('SchoolId', text='School ID')self.tree.heading('SchoolName', text='School Name')self.tree.heading('SchoolTelNo', text='School Tel No')self.tree.pack(pady=10)# 操作按钮self.button_frame = ttk.Frame(self.frame)self.button_frame.pack(pady=10)self.add_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Add")self.add_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.edit_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Edit")self.edit_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.delete_button = ttk.Button(self.button_frame, text="Delete")self.delete_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)# 分页按钮self.pagination_frame = ttk.Frame(self.frame)self.pagination_frame.pack(pady=10)self.prev_button = ttk.Button(self.pagination_frame, text="Previous")self.prev_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.page_label = ttk.Label(self.pagination_frame, text="Page 1 of 1")self.page_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)self.next_button = ttk.Button(self.pagination_frame, text="Next")self.next_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5)def clear_tree(self):""":return:"""for item in self.tree.get_children():self.tree.delete(item)def populate_tree(self, schools):""":param schools::return:"""for school in schools:self.tree.insert('', 'end', values=(school.school_id, school.school_name, school.school_tel_no))def update_page_label(self, current_page, total_pages, tatol,pagesize):""":param current_page::param total_pages::param tatol:param pagesize:return:"""self.page_label.config(text=f"Page {current_page} of {total_pages}  {pagesize}/total:{tatol}")def open_add_window(self, save_callback):""":param save_callback::return:"""top = tk.Toplevel(self.frame)top.title("Add School")top.iconbitmap("favicon.ico")ttk.Label(top, text="School ID:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)id_entry = ttk.Entry(top)id_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Name:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)name_entry = ttk.Entry(top)name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Tel No:").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)tel_entry = ttk.Entry(top)tel_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)def save_school():""":return:"""school_id = id_entry.get()school_name = name_entry.get()school_tel_no = tel_entry.get()if school_id and school_name and school_tel_no:save_callback(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no)top.destroy()ttk.Button(top, text="Save", command=save_school).grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)def open_edit_window(self, school_id, school_name, school_tel_no, update_callback):""":param school_id::param school_name::param school_tel_no::param update_callback::return:"""top = tk.Toplevel(self.frame)top.title("Edit School")#top.iconbitmap("favicon.ico")ttk.Label(top, text="School ID:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)id_entry = ttk.Entry(top)id_entry.insert(0, school_id)id_entry.config(state='readonly')id_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Name:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)name_entry = ttk.Entry(top)name_entry.insert(0, school_name)name_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)ttk.Label(top, text="School Tel No:").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)tel_entry = ttk.Entry(top)tel_entry.insert(0, school_tel_no)tel_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)def update_school():""":return:"""new_school_name = name_entry.get()new_school_tel_no = tel_entry.get()if new_school_name and new_school_tel_no:update_callback(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no)top.destroy()ttk.Button(top, text="Update", command=update_school).grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=10)# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:47
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : presentation/controllers/school.py
# explain   : 学习import tkinter as tk
from application.services.school import SchoolService
from domain.entities.school import Schoolclass SchoolController(object):"""表现层（Presentation Layer）包含视图和控制器，处理用户界面和操作。"""def __init__(self, service: SchoolService, view):""":param service::param view:"""self.service = serviceself.view = viewself.current_page = 1self.page_size = 10self.search_query = ""self.total_pages = 1self.view.search_button.config(command=self.search)self.view.add_button.config(command=self.add)self.view.edit_button.config(command=self.edit)self.view.delete_button.config(command=self.delete)self.view.prev_button.config(command=self.prev_page)self.view.next_button.config(command=self.next_page)self.load_data()def load_data(self):""":return:"""schools = self.service.get_schools(self.current_page, self.page_size, self.search_query)total_count = self.service.get_total_school_count(self.search_query)self.total_pages = (total_count + self.page_size - 1) // self.page_sizeself.view.clear_tree()self.view.populate_tree(schools)self.view.update_page_label(self.current_page, self.total_pages,total_count,self.page_size)self.view.prev_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL if self.current_page > 1 else tk.DISABLED)self.view.next_button.config(state=tk.NORMAL if self.current_page < self.total_pages else tk.DISABLED)def search(self):""":return:"""self.search_query = self.view.search_entry.get()self.current_page = 1self.load_data()def add(self):""":return:"""def save_callback(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no):new_school = School(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no)self.service.add_school(new_school)self.load_data()self.view.open_add_window(save_callback)def edit(self):""":return:"""selected_item = self.view.tree.selection()if selected_item:values = self.view.tree.item(selected_item, 'values')school_id, school_name, school_tel_no = valuesdef update_callback(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no):updated_school = School(school_id, new_school_name, new_school_tel_no)self.service.update_school(updated_school)self.load_data()self.view.open_edit_window(school_id, school_name, school_tel_no, update_callback)def delete(self):""":return:"""selected_item = self.view.tree.selection()if selected_item:school_id = self.view.tree.item(selected_item, 'values')[0]self.service.delete_school(school_id)self.load_data()def prev_page(self):""":return:"""if self.current_page > 1:self.current_page -= 1self.load_data()def next_page(self):""":return:"""if self.current_page < self.total_pages:self.current_page += 1self.load_data()

调用：
 

# encoding: utf-8
# 版权所有 2025 ©涂聚文有限公司 ®
# 许可信息查看：言語成了邀功盡責的功臣，還需要行爲每日來值班嗎
# 描述：先安装： pip install --upgrade pip
#  pip install pymysql
#  pip install sqlalchemy
#  sudo apt install python3-tk
#  pip install pillow
# Author    : geovindu,Geovin Du 涂聚文.
# IDE       : PyCharm 2023.1 python 3.11
# OS        : Ubuntu 24.0
# database  : mysql 9.0 sql server 2019, postgreSQL 17.0  oracle 21c Neo4j
# Datetime  : 2025/2/20 20:21
# User      : geovindu
# Product   : PyCharm
# Project   : pyMySqlDDDOrmDemo
# File      : main.py
# explain   : 学习
'''
DDD
定义业务实体和存储库接口
domain--entities--repositories基础设施层（Infrastructure）
实现存储库接口，与数据库交互。
infrastructure--database--model--repositories
应用层（Application）
封装业务逻辑。
application--services表现层（Presentation）
包含视图和控制器，处理用户界面和操作。
presentation--views--controllers'''import tkinter as tk
from infrastructure.repositories import SchoolRepository,TeacherRepository    # init 必须配置，才可以这样引用
from application.services import SchoolService, TeacherService
from presentation.views import SchoolView, TeacherView
from presentation.controllers import SchoolController, TeacherControllerif __name__ == '__main__':"""    主程序输出"""root = tk.Tk()root.title("学校老师管理系统")# 创建数据库存储库实例school_repository = SchoolRepository()teacher_repository = TeacherRepository()# 创建服务实例school_service = SchoolService(school_repository)teacher_service = TeacherService(teacher_repository)# 创建视图实例school_view = SchoolView(root)teacher_view = TeacherView(root)school_view.frame.pack_forget()teacher_view.frame.pack_forget()# 创建控制器实例school_controller = SchoolController(school_service, school_view)# 需要加上学校的务服实例。便于选择学校teacher_controller = TeacherController(teacher_service, school_service, teacher_view)# 创建主菜单menubar = tk.Menu(root)root.config(menu=menubar)# 创建主菜单下的子菜单main_menu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)menubar.add_cascade(label="管理菜单", menu=main_menu)# 学校管理子菜单school_menu = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)main_menu.add_cascade(label="学校管理", menu=school_menu)school_menu.add_command(label="查看学校信息", command=lambda: (school_view.frame.pack(),teacher_view.frame.pack_forget()  # 隐藏))# 老师管理子菜单teacher_menu = tk.Menu(main_menu, tearoff=0)main_menu.add_cascade(label="老师管理", menu=teacher_menu)teacher_menu.add_command(label="查看老师信息", command=lambda: (teacher_view.frame.pack(),school_view.frame.pack_forget()   # 隐藏))#root.iconbitmap(delattr="favicon.ico")#root.tk.call('wm', 'iconphoto', root._w, tk.PhotoImage(file='favicon.ico'))root.mainloop()print('PyCharm,geovindu,Geovin Du,涂聚文！')

输出：