加载互联网免费地图资源并通过CesiumEarth快速浏览

免费地图资源

地理信息系统（GIS）的搭建主要可分为两部分：1、三维地球引擎；2、基础数据图层。

CesiumEarth提供了可直接使用的三维地球引擎，因此只需准备基础数据图层，即可搭建属于自己的地理信息系统。

基础数据图包含地图数据、地形数据、专题数据等，其中以地图数据最为基础。

一：地图资源介绍​

地图为地理信息系统的基础图层，主要为卫星影像、矢量图（街道图），描述地图要素中的基础空间框架，包括坐标系的参考对象等。

地图的选择途径很多，互联网上有多种公开可免费使用的地图资源，如天地图、高德地图、Bing地图、谷歌地图、ArcGIS地图等，

这里列举天地图、高德地图、ArcGIS地图三种：

1、天地图​

提示： 天地图的使用需要向官网申请tk，本文中使用了CesiumEarth申请的临时tk，实际场景中推荐单独申请以免临时tk失效。 参数s为轮询地址，CesiumEarth中添加图层时可在前缀输入框中填写t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7。 地址中出现的x、y、z、TileMatrix、TileRow、TileCol为系统默认参数，连同{}，直接复制到CesiumEarth即可。

天地图官网地址： 国家地理信息公共服务平台 天地图

天地图提供WMTS及XYZ两种格式的地图服务，本文中主要以XYZ格式为主，XYZ格式在CesiumEarth中称之为自定义格式

卫星影像（XYZ格式）

http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=img_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

卫星影像（WMTS格式）

https://{s}.tianditu.gov.cn/img_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=img&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILECOL={TileCol}&TILEROW={TileRow}&TILEMATRIX={TileMatrix}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

卫星影像注记（XYZ格式）

http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=cia_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

卫星影像注记（WMTS格式）

http://{s}.tianditu.com/cia_w/wmts?service=wmts&request=GetTile&version=1.0.0&LAYER=cia&tileMatrixSet=w&TileMatrix={TileMatrix}&TileRow={TileRow}&TileCol={TileCol}&style=default.jpg&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

卫星影像+注记效果

矢量图（街道图）（XYZ格式）

http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=vec_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

矢量图（街道图）注记（XYZ格式）

http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=cva_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

矢量图（街道图）+注记效果

地形图（XYZ格式）

http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=ter_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

地形图注记（XYZ格式）

http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=cta_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2

地形图+注记效果

从XYZ格式的服务地址中可以发现，不同服务的地址除了T参数，其余都一样，这里总结了T参数的含义：

T参数	说明
img_w	卫星影像
cia_w	卫星影像注记
vec_w	矢量图
cva_w	矢量图注记
ter_w	地形图
cta_w	地形图注记

2、高德地图​

高德地图的坐标与天地图有些偏差，为自定义坐标系（天地图为标准的国家2000坐标系），具体使用过程中需要注意。

高德地图地图主要为：卫星影像，卫星影像注记，深色风格的矢量图带注记，浅色风格的矢量图带注记

提示： 参数s为轮询地址，CesiumEarth中添加图层时可在前缀输入框中填写webst01,webst02,webst03,webst04。 地址中出现的x、y、z为系统默认参数，连同{}，直接复制到CesiumEarth即可。

卫星影像（XYZ格式）

https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=6&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}

卫星影像注记（XYZ格式）

https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}

卫星影像+注记效果

深色风格的矢量图带注记（XYZ格式）

https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=7&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}

矢量图深色风格效果

浅色风格的矢量图带注记（XYZ格式）

https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=9&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}

矢量图浅色风格效果

3、ArcGIS地图​

ArcGIS Online提供了多种风格的地图样式，支持XYZ/WMTS/MapServer格式的服务，其中MapServer格式最为简单，无需申请token，直接调用即可免费使用。

ArcGIS是一款全球著名的地理信息专业工具，因此其提供了非常多的免费在线资源，本文只列举几种常用的地图，更多地图资源可查看目录地址：Folder: /

由于ArcGIS提供的是全球资源，因此其注记大多以英文为主。采用了CGCS2000坐标系，墨卡托投影，与天地图可完美匹配，因此具体场景可综合选择不同的地图进行叠加。

卫星影像（MapServer）

World_Imagery (MapServer)

卫星影像注记（MapServer）

Reference/World_Boundaries_and_Places_Alternate (MapServer)

ArcGIS卫星影像+天地图注记效果

地形图（MapServer）

USA_Topo_Maps (MapServer)

ArcGIS地形图效果

ArcGIS地形图+天地图注记效果

深色底板（MapServer）

Canvas/World_Dark_Gray_Base (MapServer)

ArcGIS深色底板

浅色底板（MapServer）

Canvas/World_Light_Gray_Base (MapServer)

ArcGIS浅色底板

导航图（MapServer）

Specialty/World_Navigation_Charts (MapServer)

ArcGIS导航图

二：如何添加及展示地图​

在CesiumEarth中支持多种类型的地图加载，使用也非常方便，无需开发知识，本文以天地图的添加为例，具体详情可查阅CesiumEarth帮助文档：添加图层

1、通过添加图层查看​

此处以添加天地图卫星影像为例

• 访问CesiumEarth首页：http://www.cesiumearth.com ，进入三维地球；如果首次使用，可先新建目录，或直接点击添加图层

• 在图层管理模块中可点击添加图层按钮进行添加，选中二维切片数据选项

• 在窗口中输入相关参数，点击确认即可

名称：图层名称（可随意输入）
格式：选择自定义格式（XYZ格式）
Url：复制天地图卫星影像的地址
注记图：选中后会显示在顶层，一般用于显示注记图层
前缀：输入t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7

2：通过复制图层配置查看​

本文中提到的各种地图资源通过在CesiumEarth复制配置数据，可直接查看，具体操作如下：

• 访问CesiumEarth首页：http://www.cesiumearth.com ，进入三维地球；如果首次使用，可先新建目录，或直接点击添加图层

• 在图层管理模块中可点击添加图层按钮进行添加，选中配置数据选项

• 在窗口中复制下述图层配置数据，点击确认即可

[{"title":"天地图","children":[{"title":"卫星影像注记（WMTS）","url":"http://{s}.tianditu.com/cia_w/wmts?service=wmts&request=GetTile&version=1.0.0&LAYER=cia&tileMatrixSet=w&TileMatrix={TileMatrix}&TileRow={TileRow}&TileCol={TileCol}&style=default.jpg&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2","subdomains":"t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7","anno":"1","checked":true,"type":"ImageryWMTS","format":"image/png","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","key":"3qkzpjgflk4x1mi8","isTarget":true},{"title":"img_w","url":"http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=img_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2","anno":"0","subdomains":"t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7","checked":true,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"ohvdm12r89fj32z0","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"cia_w","url":"http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=cta_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2","anno":"1","subdomains":"t0,t1","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"aww0z66funhsk63n","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"vec_w","url":"http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=vec_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2","anno":"0","subdomains":"t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"de2c9j7es64prbn2","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"cva_w","url":"http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=cva_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2","anno":"1","subdomains":"t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"ul1vf9t3gyh7m0uq","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"ter_w","url":"http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=ter_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2","anno":"0","subdomains":"t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"2lh2k4smx2d5rerh","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"cta_w","url":"http://{s}.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=cta_w&X={x}&Y={y}&L={z}&tk=0f84da9fd48038ea3bd8de15ff9fb4c2","anno":"1","subdomains":"t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"oszwsu85rupd1osu","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false}],"checkable":false,"key":"wi5viz8d4q9nsjcy"},{"title":"ArcGIS地图资源","checkable":false,"key":"vkgx46gu8xlhnmga","children":[{"title":"World_Imagery","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"7mbrqdpmlq3mre5l","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"NatGeo_World_Map","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/NatGeo_World_Map/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"ye3sac8k9rjykmqr","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"USA_Topo_Maps","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/USA_Topo_Maps/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"dde5la5yw6aqzhc9","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Shaded_Relief","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Shaded_Relief/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"tcj38ipzjwsii9ve","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Street_Map","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Street_Map/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"nmzp8dan9w7gjjvu","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Terrain_Base","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Terrain_Base/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"2wo1asatlicvx01a","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Topo_Map","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/World_Topo_Map/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"z3jejkjx3lefknks","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Ocean_Base","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Ocean/World_Ocean_Base/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"n4sbnttmf2k6mj60","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Hillshade_Dark","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Elevation/World_Hillshade_Dark/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"4j8eq0ufm69f5jsm","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Hillshade","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Elevation/World_Hillshade/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"gcjhyup544ko10k1","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Dark_Gray_Base","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Canvas/World_Dark_Gray_Base/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"kj3u7ngfnwas7amp","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Light_Gray_Base","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Canvas/World_Light_Gray_Base/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"03wvvdeqykuogw0v","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Boundaries_and_Places_Alternate","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Reference/World_Boundaries_and_Places_Alternate/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"yf9ude2y1m45ey4g","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"World_Navigation_Charts","url":"https://services.arcgisonline.com/arcgis/rest/services/Specialty/World_Navigation_Charts/MapServer","anno":"0","subdomains":"","checked":false,"type":"ImageryMapServer","format":"image/png","key":"8q1fhxgszwtjtzxj","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false}]},{"title":"高德地图","checkable":false,"key":"vxjs6z0aqe4w0zi6","children":[{"title":"卫星影像","url":"https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=6&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}","anno":"0","subdomains":"webst01,webst02,webst03,webst04","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"bao2s732iktj009y","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"深色矢量图","url":"https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=7&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}","anno":"0","subdomains":"webst01,webst02,webst03,webst04","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"n0aox0hgc5ijpcx4","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"卫星影像注记","url":"https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}","anno":"1","subdomains":"webst01,webst02,webst03,webst04","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"wadjli6qw3bfswvo","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false},{"title":"浅色矢量图","url":"https://{s}.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=9&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}","anno":"0","subdomains":"webst01,webst02,webst03,webst04","checked":false,"type":"ImageryURL","format":"image/png","key":"3r6xyc6l4d9i1efw","tileMatrixSetID":"GoogleMapsCompatible","isTarget":false}]}]

图层添加成功后，效果如下：

免费地图资源导入CesiumEarth后的效果