eg：Caulerpa taxifolia，1989，生物学家Dr.A M，研究一个加勒比和热带海岸的藻类，在地中海地区繁盛，Meinesz发现，著名的摩纳哥海洋研究所(Oceanographic Institute of Monaco)将一种突变的taxifolia与其他水族馆垃圾一起倾倒在地中海区域。
Instead of dying in the cold winter waters of the Mediterranean Sea as the
tropical variety of C. taxifolia does, the mutant variety can withstand several
months at temperatures that range between 10° and 13°C. In addition, the alga
grows equally well on a variety of ocean substrates-sand, mud, or rocks-and
from near the surface to depths of 50 meters. When temperatures exceed
18°C, the mutant Caulerpa grows at a remarkable rate, capable of elongating
by 2 centimeters in a single day and forming a new frond every 2 days. A
single square meter of seafloor can be matted with 5,500 leafy fronds. All of
this growth is asexual. Unlike the tropical form, the mutated form of C. taxifolia
produces only male gametes in the Mediterranean and thus replicates only by
fragmentation. Just a small piece can regenerate and colonize an area. In fact,
it is believed that fishing nets and boat anchors as well as the ripping action of
eg：Caulerpa taxifolia，1989，生物学家Dr.A M，研究一个加勒比和热带海岸的藻类，在地中海地区繁盛，Meinesz发现，著名的摩纳哥海洋研究所(Oceanographic Institute of Monaco)将一种突变的taxifolia与其他水族馆垃圾一起倾倒在地中海区域。
问题1
蓝色高光部分
A ✅
1. According to paragraph 1, what event first caused Caulerpa taxifolia to become publicly known as a damaging species?
A. Marine biologist Alexandre Meinesz identified a variety of C. taxifolia growing in the Mediterranean near Monaco.
B. The Oceanographic Institute of Monaco disposed of a variety of C. taxifolia in the Mediterranean.
C. The Wilhelma Zoological and Botanical Gardens developed a new variety of C. taxifolia.
D. A variety of C. taxifolia became widely distributed in public and private aquaria.
Paragraph 2
Instead of dying in the cold winter waters of the Mediterranean Sea as the
tropical variety of C. taxifolia does, the mutant variety can withstand several
months at temperatures that range between 10° and 13°C. In addition, the alga
grows equally well on a variety of ocean substrates-sand, mud, or rocks-and
from near the surface to depths of 50 meters. When temperatures exceed
18°C, the mutant Caulerpa grows at a remarkable rate, capable of elongating
by 2 centimeters in a single day and forming a new frond every 2 days. A
single square meter of seafloor can be matted with 5,500 leafy fronds. All of
this growth is asexual. Unlike the tropical form, the mutated form of C. taxifolia
produces only male gametes in the Mediterranean and thus replicates only by
fragmentation. Just a small piece can regenerate and colonize an area. In fact,
it is believed that fishing nets and boat anchors as well as the ripping action of
5. According to paragraphs 4 and 5, which of the following is NOT a method that has been used in trying to eliminate C. taxifolia from Mediterranean waters?
A. Having divers pull it out by hand B. Putting dark plastic tarps over it
C. Applying algicides and salt to it D. Importing toxin-immune sea slugs to feed on it
6. The word “exclusively” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. entirely B. heavily C. mostly D. frequently
7. The word “immense” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. general B. vast C. additional D. primary
8. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?
A. A description of an ecological problem is followed by a discussion of some possible solutions to the problem.
B. A general statement about an ecological problem is followed by a discussion of several specific examples that support the general statement.
C. An argument about the hazards of certain ecological practices is followed by a discussion of alternatives to those practices.
D. A description of certain harmful ecological practices is followed by a discussion of the origins of the practices.
9. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
How can we predict that the presence of sea slugs will not harm a native Mediterranean species?
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.
One hopeful avenue is biological control. In biological control, a disease or
predator of the invasive organism is introduced and allowed to destroy it. In the
native range of the tropical C. taxifolia, two species of sea slug are immune to
its poisons and feed on the alga exclusively. They suck the cytoplasm out of
the leaves and incorporate the algal chloroplasts, the part of the plant that
contains green photosynthetic pigment, into their skin. The chloroplasts
provide camouflage as the snails feed in the Caulerpa fields and, surprisingly,
continue to photosynthesize, providing additional nutrition for the slugs. Dr.
Meinesz is suggesting the importation of these slugs to the Mediterranean as
the only way to eliminate the immense area that Caulerpa now covers. But
many experts fear that another exotic importation may lead to more environmental damage.
问题9
D ✔
10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.
* 问题10
Caulerpa taxifolia is an invasive imported species that threatens the biodiversity of the Mediterranean.
A. taxifolia first caught the attention of amateur and professional aquarists after it was widely distributed in public and private aquaria in the 1980s.
B. Unlike the tropical variety, the mutant variety of C. taxifolia can endure both cold and warm temperatures and can reproduce extremely quickly.
C. taxifolia threatens sea life in the Mediterranean by cutting off access to life essentials such as sunlight and nutrients.
D. Some experts believe that fishing nets, boat anchors, and even violent storms are to blame for the rapid spread of C. taxifolia.
E. Attempts to eliminate C. taxifolia from the Mediterranean have met with only limited success, and an untried method of biological control is risky, some experts say.
F. Not only are the algal chloroplasts of C. taxifolia harmless to the sea slugs that eat it, but they also provide additioonal nutrition for the predators.
P1 段落大意：外来物种的生物入侵对生物多样性有逐步上升的威胁，入侵的物种可能会取代本地物种，也可能会不可逆转地改变生态系统；大多数进口的物种：1⃣️死亡2⃣️限制性的生长3⃣️（一小部分）会不受控制的危险生长； eg：Caulerpa taxifolia，1989，生物学家Dr.A M，研究一个加勒比和热带海岸本土的藻类，却在地中海地区繁盛；Meinesz发现，著名的摩纳哥海洋研究所(Oceanographic Institute of Monaco)将一种突变的taxifolia与其他水族馆垃圾一起倾倒在地中海区域。
P3 段落大意：地中海caulerpa快速生长，taxifolia切断了重要的物质例如进行光合作用所需要的光照和过滤营养物的水流，变成了caulerpa的国王，生物多样性消失了。 对于大多数海洋食草生物来说，taxifolia是不可食用的。因为没有捕食者，alga环绕整个地中海地区、Croatian coast on the Adriatic sea，2002年，覆盖30000公顷。澳大利亚南部也发现了caulerpa的侵扰。
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