Python编程 动态爱心

• 作者简介：一名在校计算机学生、每天分享Python的学习经验、和学习笔记。 

•  座右铭：低头赶路，敬事如仪

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目录

 前言

一.所用库

1.random简介

2.math 简介

3.tkinter库的简介

二.实际图

 三.代码部分

1.调用库

2.调整画布

3.爱心生成

4.随机内部扩散

5.抖动

6.自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期

7.爱心类

8.@classmethod 装饰的类方法

四.全部源代码

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 前言

本章将会使用Python实现动态的爱心效果

一.所用库

1.random简介

random库是用于产生并运用随机数的标准库。Python中的主要使用是让其掌握在程序中运用随机数的能力。

random常见随机函数有9个:seed()、random()、randint()、getrandbits()、randrange()uniform()、choice()、shuffle()、sample().

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2.math 简介

math 库是 Python 提供的内置数学类函数库，因为复数类型常用于科学计算，一般计算并不常用，因此 math 库不支持复数类型，仅支持整数和浮点数运算。math 库一共提供了 4 个数学常数和 44 个函数。44 个函数分为 4 类，包括 16 个数值表示函数、8 个幂对数函数、16 个三角对数函数和 4 个高等特殊函数。

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3.tkinter库的简介

Tkinter 是 Python 自带的图形界面库，库中包含众多图形界面控件，包括 Lable 标签、Button按钮、Radiobutton单选框、Checkbutton复选框、Entry文本框等。借助 Tkinter 库中的各种图形界面控件，我们就可以设计出实用的图形界面程序。

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二.实际图

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 三.代码部分

1.调用库

import random
from math import sin, cos, pi, log
from tkinter import *

2.调整画布

CANVAS_WIDTH = 640#画布的宽
CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480#画布的宽
CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2
CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2
IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11
HEART_COLOR = "#FFC0CB" #ff2121 #引号内修改颜色

3.爱心生成

def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE):x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3)y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t))x *= shrink_ratioy *= shrink_ratiox += CANVAS_CENTER_Xy += CANVAS_CENTER_Yreturn int(x), int(y)

4.随机内部扩散

def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15):ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random())ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random())dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dy

5.抖动

def shrink(x, y, ratio):force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6)  # 这个参数...dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dy

6.自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期

def curve(p):return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)

7.爱心类

class Heart:def __init__(self, generate_frame=20):self._points = set()  # 原始爱心坐标集合self._edge_diffusion_points = set()  # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合self._center_diffusion_points = set()  # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合self.all_points = {}  # 每帧动态点坐标self.build(2000)self.random_halo = 1000self.generate_frame = generate_framefor frame in range(generate_frame):self.calc(frame)def build(self, number):for _ in range(number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)x, y = heart_function(t)self._points.add((x, y))for _x, _y in list(self._points):for _ in range(3):x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05)self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y))point_list = list(self._points)for _ in range(4000):x, y = random.choice(point_list)x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17)self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))

8.@classmethod 装饰的类方法

 @staticmethoddef calc_position(x, y, ratio):force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520)  # 魔法参数dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1)return x - dx, y - dydef calc(self, generate_frame):ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)  # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)))halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2))all_points = []heart_halo_point = set()for _ in range(halo_number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6)x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius)if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point:heart_halo_point.add((x, y))x += random.randint(-14, 14)y += random.randint(-14, 14)size = random.choice((1, 2, 2))all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 3)all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_pointsdef render(self, render_canvas, render_frame):for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]:render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR)def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0):render_canvas.delete('all')render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame)main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1)if __name__ == '__main__':root = Tk()  # 一个Tkcanvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH)canvas.pack()heart = Heart()draw(root, canvas, heart)root.mainloop()

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四.全部源代码

import random
from math import sin, cos, pi, log
from tkinter import *CANVAS_WIDTH = 640
CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480
CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2
CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2
IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11
HEART_COLOR = "#FFC0CB" #ff2121def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE):x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3)y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t))x *= shrink_ratioy *= shrink_ratiox += CANVAS_CENTER_Xy += CANVAS_CENTER_Yreturn int(x), int(y)def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15):ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random())ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random())dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dydef shrink(x, y, ratio):force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6)  # 这个参数...dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y)return x - dx, y - dydef curve(p):return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)class Heart:def __init__(self, generate_frame=20):self._points = set()  # 原始爱心坐标集合self._edge_diffusion_points = set()  # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合self._center_diffusion_points = set()  # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合self.all_points = {}  # 每帧动态点坐标self.build(2000)self.random_halo = 1000self.generate_frame = generate_framefor frame in range(generate_frame):self.calc(frame)def build(self, number):for _ in range(number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)x, y = heart_function(t)self._points.add((x, y))for _x, _y in list(self._points):for _ in range(3):x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05)self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y))point_list = list(self._points)for _ in range(4000):x, y = random.choice(point_list)x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17)self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))@staticmethoddef calc_position(x, y, ratio):force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520)  # 魔法参数dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1)dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1)return x - dx, y - dydef calc(self, generate_frame):ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)  # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi)))halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2))all_points = []heart_halo_point = set()for _ in range(halo_number):t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi)x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6)x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius)if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point:heart_halo_point.add((x, y))x += random.randint(-14, 14)y += random.randint(-14, 14)size = random.choice((1, 2, 2))all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 3)all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points:x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio)size = random.randint(1, 2)all_points.append((x, y, size))self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_pointsdef render(self, render_canvas, render_frame):for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]:render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR)def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0):render_canvas.delete('all')render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame)main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1)if __name__ == '__main__':root = Tk()  # 一个Tkcanvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH)canvas.pack()heart = Heart()draw(root, canvas, heart)root.mainloop()

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