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Java基础:接口

news 2026/1/16 20:57:55

1.接口的概念

当不是所有子类, 而是多个子类都包含一个方法时, 为了代码书写规范性, 可以用自定义的接口来统一该方法的书写规范. 所以接口可以看作是一种书写规则.

接口是对行为的抽象

抽象类一般是书写在父类当中, 接口是单独书写的, 不是一种类

2.接口的定义和使用

3.接口中成员的特点

4.接口和类的关系

当一个类实现多个接口, 并且多个接口中有重名的方法时, 只用实现一个接口中的同名方法.(也就是说每个方法只实现一次)

若类implements子接口, 那么就需要重写所有的抽象方法(包括父接口方法)

5.接口和抽象类的综合案例

package cn.ncepu.demo1.a02abstrctdemo2;public abstract class Person {private String name;private int age;public Person() {}public Person(String name, int age) {this.name = name;this.age = age;}public abstract void work();/*** 获取* @return name*/public String getName() {return name;}/*** 设置* @param name*/public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}/*** 获取* @return age*/public int getAge() {return age;}/*** 设置* @param age*/public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public String toString() {return "Person{name = " + name + ", age = " + age + "}";}
}package cn.ncepu.demo1.a02abstrctdemo2;public class PingPong extends Person implements Speak{public PingPong() {}public PingPong(String name, int age) {super(name, age);}@Overridepublic void work() {System.out.println("学打乒乓球");}@Overridepublic void speak() {System.out.println("说英语");}
}package cn.ncepu.demo1.a02abstrctdemo2;public class Basketball extends Person{public Basketball() {}public Basketball(String name, int age) {super(name, age);}@Overridepublic void work() {System.out.println("学打篮球");}
}package cn.ncepu.demo1.a02abstrctdemo2;public class PingPongCoach extends Person implements Speak{public PingPongCoach() {}public PingPongCoach(String name, int age) {super(name, age);}@Overridepublic void work() {System.out.println("教打乒乓球");}@Overridepublic void speak() {System.out.println("说英语");}
}package cn.ncepu.demo1.a02abstrctdemo2;public class BasketballCoach extends Person{public BasketballCoach() {}public BasketballCoach(String name, int age) {super(name, age);}@Overridepublic void work() {System.out.println("教打篮球");}
}package cn.ncepu.demo1.a02abstrctdemo2;public interface Speak {public abstract void speak();
}package cn.ncepu.demo1.a02abstrctdemo2;public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {PingPong pingPong = new PingPong("乒乓球运动员", 18);Basketball basketball = new Basketball("篮球运动员", 20);PingPongCoach pingPongCoach = new PingPongCoach("乒乓球教练", 35);BasketballCoach basketballCoach = new BasketballCoach("篮球教练", 38);pingPong.work();basketball.work();pingPongCoach.work();basketballCoach.work();pingPongCoach.speak();pingPong.speak();}
}