MCP 应用案例-网络设备批量管理

案例背景

需求痛点
企业需管理数百台跨地域网络设备（交换机/路由器），传统方式存在：

• 人工SSH登录效率低
• 脚本维护成本高（不同厂商CLI语法差异）
• 状态监控依赖独立监控系统

解决方案
通过MCP协议构建智能网络管控平台：

• 将设备操作封装为MCP工具
• 允许AI模型（如Claude）理解自然语言指令并触发操作
• 实现"语音/文字指令 → 自动执行"的闭环

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架构设计

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核心工具开发

1. 工具描述符定义 (network_tools.json)

[{"name": "batch_configure_devices","description": "批量配置网络设备","parameters": {"type": "object","properties": {"device_ips": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "设备IP列表"},"commands": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}, "description": "CLI命令序列"},"credential_id": {"type": "string", "description": "预存凭证标识符"}},"required": ["device_ips", "commands"]}},{"name": "check_device_status","description": "检查设备健康状态","parameters": {"type": "object","properties": {"device_ip": {"type": "string"},"metrics": {"type": "array", "items": {"enum": ["cpu", "memory", "interface"]}}}}}
]

2. MCP Server实现（Python示例）

from netmiko import ConnectHandler
from mcp_server import McpServerapp = FastAPI()
server = McpServer(app)# 连接池管理（示例简化版）
devices = {"192.168.1.1": {"device_type": "cisco_ios", "credential": "admin:password"},"192.168.1.2": {"device_type": "huawei", "credential": "admin:huawei@123"}
}@server.tool("batch_configure_devices")
async def batch_config(device_ips: list, commands: list, credential_id: str):results = {}for ip in device_ips:conn = ConnectHandler(ip=ip,username=devices[ip]["credential"].split(':')[0],password=devices[ip]["credential"].split(':')[1],device_type=devices[ip]["device_type"])output = conn.send_config_set(commands)results[ip] = outputreturn {"success": True, "details": results}@server.tool("check_device_status")
async def check_status(device_ip: str, metrics: list):status = {}if "cpu" in metrics:status["cpu"] = get_cpu_usage(device_ip)  # 实现SNMP查询if "memory" in metrics:status["memory"] = get_memory_usage(device_ip)return status

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典型交互流程

场景：批量配置OSPF路由

1. 用户指令
   “为北京机房的所有核心交换机（IP段192.168.10.1-10）配置OSPF Area 0，进程号100”

2. AI响应

   {"method": "batch_configure_devices","params": {"device_ips": ["192.168.10.1", ..., "192.168.10.10"],"commands": ["router ospf 100","network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0"]}
   }
   

3. 执行结果

   {"192.168.10.1": "配置成功，耗时2.3秒","192.168.10.2": "Error: 设备未响应",...
   }
   

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安全增强设计

1. 凭证管理

   • 使用Vault服务替代明文存储
   • MCP请求需携带JWT令牌

   @server.auth_handler
   async def validate_token(token: str):return auth_service.verify(token)
   

2. 操作审计

   @server.tool_usage_hook
   async def audit_log(context: dict):write_to_elasticsearch({"user": context["user"],"tool": context["method"],"params": context["params"]})
   

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性能优化方案

1. 并发控制

   from fastapi.concurrency import [e-mail]("batch_configure_devices")
   async def batch_config(...):# 使用线程池并发执行loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()tasks = [loop.run_in_executor(None, configure_single_device, ip) for ip in device_ips]await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
   

2. 厂商适配层

   def send_config_set(conn, commands):if conn.device_type == "huawei":return huawei_special_handler(commands)  # 处理华为设备差异return conn.send_config_set(commands)
   

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部署架构建议

通过该方案，企业可将网络运维效率提升300%以上，同时通过自然语言交互降低操作门槛。