20250530-C#知识：万物之父Object

C#知识：万物之父Object

Object类（即object）是所有类的基类，这里面的方法还是需要好好了解一下。

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1、Object类

• 是顶级父类，其他类默认都是Object类的子类（自定义类也会默认继承Object类）
• 可以用Object变量装载值类型和其他自定义类型对象
• Object类是引用类型
• 存在装箱拆箱
  

object x = 100; //装箱
int y = (int)x; //拆箱

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2、Object类中的静态方法

2.1 静态方法Equals

• 判断两个参数是否相等
• 调用第一个参数的虚拟Equals方法进行判断，无论值类型和引用类型

public static bool Equals(object? objA, object? objB);

2.2 静态方法ReferenceEquals

• 比较两个引用类型对象是否相等
• 传递值类型则返回false

public static bool ReferenceEquals(object? objA, object? objB);

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3、Object类的成员方法

3.1 普通方法GetType

• 返回对象类型的Type对象，可用于反射

public extern Type GetType();

3.2 普通方法MemberwiseClone

• 获取对象的浅拷贝对象
• 对象的引用类型成员变量也是直接拷贝，指向堆中相同位置

protected unsafe object MemberwiseClone();

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4、Object类的虚拟方法

4.1 虚拟方法Equals

• 只有一个参数，将调用方法的对象与参数对象进行比较
• 引用类型比较引用（默认）
• 值类型比较值是否相等，因为System.ValueType中重写了该方法
• 测试了枚举和结构体，也符合值类型的比较规则

public virtual bool Equals(object? obj)

4.2 虚拟方法GetHashCode

• 获取对象哈希值

public virtual int GetHashCode()

4.3 虚拟方法ToString

• 将对象进行打印输出时默认调用此方法

public virtual string? ToString()

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5、完整测试用例：

namespace LearnObject
{enum Daily{Eat,Sleep}struct Point{public int x;public int y;public Point():this(0,0) { }public Point(int x, int y){this.x = x;this.y = y;}}class Student{public string name;public int age;public Teacher teacher;public Student():this("张飞",18, new Teacher()) { }public Student(string name, int age){this.name = name;this.age = age;this.teacher = new Teacher();}public Student(string name, int age, Teacher teacher) : this(name, age){this.teacher = teacher;}public override bool Equals(Object? a){if (a != null && a is Student){Student other = a as Student;return this.name.Equals(other.name) && this.age == other.age;}return false;}public override int GetHashCode(){Console.WriteLine($"重写之前的哈希值： {base.GetHashCode()}");return 10086;   //自定义哈希逻辑}public override string ToString(){return $"自定义输出，学生的名字：{this.name}，年龄：{this.age} \n" ;}public Student ShallowClone() => this.MemberwiseClone() as Student;}class Student2{public string name;public int age;public Teacher teacher;public Student2() : this("张飞", 18, new Teacher()) { }public Student2(string name, int age){this.name = name;this.age = age;this.teacher = new Teacher();}public Student2(string name, int age, Teacher teacher) : this(name, age){this.teacher = teacher;}public Student2 ShallowClone() => this.MemberwiseClone() as Student2;}class Teacher{public string name;public Teacher() { this.name = "诸葛亮"; }public Teacher(string name){this.name = name;}   }internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){object x = 100; //装箱int y = (int)x; //拆箱Student student1 = new Student();Student student2 = new Student();Student2 student3 = new Student2();Student2 student4 = new Student2();Console.WriteLine(Equals(student1, student2));  //True  //因为Student中Equals方法被重写了Console.WriteLine(Equals(student3, student4));  //False //因为Student2默认比较的是引用Console.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(student1, student2)); //FalseConsole.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(5, 5));Point point1 = new Point(1, 1); //测试结构体Point point2 = new Point(1, 1);Daily daily1 = Daily.Sleep; //测试枚举Daily daily2 = Daily.Sleep;Console.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(point1, point2)); //FalseConsole.WriteLine(Equals(point1, point2));  //TrueConsole.WriteLine(ReferenceEquals(daily1, daily2)); //FalseConsole.WriteLine(Equals(daily1, daily2));  //TrueType type = student1.GetType();Console.WriteLine(type.ToString()); //LearnObject.StudentStudent student5 = new Student("关羽",20, new Teacher("诸葛亮"));Student student6 = student5.ShallowClone();Console.WriteLine("修改前");Console.WriteLine($"学生5：{student5.name}的老师是{student5.teacher.name}");   //学生5：关羽的老师是诸葛亮Console.WriteLine($"学生6：{student6.name}的老师是{student6.teacher.name}");   //学生6：关羽的老师是诸葛亮student6.name = "刘备";student5.teacher.name = "庞士元";Console.WriteLine("学生6修改后");Console.WriteLine($"学生5：{student5.name}的老师是{student5.teacher.name}");   //学生5：关羽的老师是庞士元Console.WriteLine($"学生6：{student6.name}的老师是{student6.teacher.name}");   //学生6：刘备的老师是庞士元Student student7 = new Student();Student2 student8 = new Student2();Console.WriteLine(student7.GetHashCode());  //10086 Console.WriteLine(student8.GetHashCode());  //18643596Console.WriteLine(student7.ToString()); //自定义输出，学生的名字：张飞，年龄：18Console.WriteLine(student8.ToString()); //LearnObject.Student2}}
}

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6、参考资料：

1. 《唐老狮C#》

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