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STM32CubeMX-H7-19-ESP8266通信（中）--单片机控制ESP8266实现TCP地址通信

article 2025/7/26 9:44:26

前言

上篇文章我们已经能够使用串口助手实现esp8266的几种通信，接下来我们使用单片机控制实现。这篇文章会附带教程，增加.c和,.h，把串口和定时器放到对应的编号，然后调用初始化就可以使用了。

先讲解，然后末尾再放源码，也可以先看源码再看讲解

一.串口的不定时长接收

因为esp8266发送的信息是没有帧头和帧位的，所以我们只能用这个方法，串口选定我们对应连接，我这里选择串口2，串口一用于重定向，打印调试信息（具体可以看我以前串口重定向的教程https://blog.csdn.net/m0_74211379/article/details/145366555?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502）。

这里还需要使用一个1ms的定时器中断，这个方法也可以看我之前的文章https://blog.csdn.net/m0_74211379/article/details/146238875?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

然后开始讲用法

uint8_t esp8266_buffer[128],esp8266_buff[1],esp8266_len=0,esp8266_time=0,esp8266_flag=0;
char esp8266_wait[100];

这个是变量定义，全局的

要放在串口中断

void ESP8266_UART_Handler(void)
{esp8266_buffer[esp8266_len++]=esp8266_buff[0];esp8266_time=0;HAL_UART_Receive_IT(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)esp8266_buff,1);
}void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{if(huart->Instance == USART2)		{	 ESP8266_UART_Handler();}			
}

放在1ms定时器中断

void ESP8266_Time(void)
{esp8266_time++;if((esp8266_time>10)&&(esp8266_len>0)){esp8266_buffer[esp8266_len]=0;ESP8266_Change();memset(esp8266_buffer, '\0', sizeof(esp8266_buffer));esp8266_len=0;esp8266_time=0; } 
}void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{if(htim->Instance==TIM2){ESP8266_Time();}
}

处理获取一次的数据

void ESP8266_Change()
{printf("%s\r\n",esp8266_buffer);if(contains_OK(esp8266_buffer,esp8266_wait)){esp8266_flag=1;}ESP8266_IPD(esp8266_buffer);
}

二.WiFi名称密码还有TCP地址和端口号

const char ESP8266_WIFI_SSID[]="lty";
const char ESP8266_WIFI_PassWord[]="2395832518";
const char ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_IP[]="112.125.89.8";
const char ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_PORT[]="45655";

三.初始化

void ESP8266_Init(void)
{HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(ESP8266_TIM);HAL_UART_Receive_IT(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)esp8266_buff,1);
}

四.发送指令函数

这里对需要连接的指令进行封装，第一个是发送的指令，第二个是接收到什么指令才能继续


void ESP8266_CMD(uint8_t cmd,uint16_t leng)
{char buffer[100];switch(cmd){case 0:sprintf(buffer,"AT+RST\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");   break;case 1:sprintf(buffer,"AT\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;	case 2:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CWMODE=1\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;	case 3:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CWJAP=\"%s\",\"%s\"\r\n",ESP8266_WIFI_SSID,ESP8266_WIFI_PassWord);sprintf(esp8266_wait,"WIFI GOT IP");break;	case 4:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CWJAP?\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;	case 5:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CIPMUX=0\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;    case 6:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"%s\",%s\r\n",ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_IP,ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_PORT);sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;    case 7:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CIPSEND=%d\r\n",leng);sprintf(esp8266_wait,"");break;    case 8:sprintf(buffer,"");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"SEND OK");break;}ESP8266_commom(buffer);
}

五.等待发送指令函数

这个函数用于检测缓冲区是否有接收完成的指令，如果没有，那么超过200ms就会重新发送一次指令，直到缓冲区有接受到指令的字符串文本

void ESP8266_commom(const char *cmd)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)cmd,strlen(cmd),100);esp8266_flag=0;while (esp8266_flag==0){if (esp8266_time>200){HAL_UART_Transmit(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)cmd,strlen(cmd),100);printf("%s time out\r\n",cmd);esp8266_time=0;}}
}int contains_OK(const char *str, const char *substr) {if (strstr(str, substr) != NULL) {return 1; // 包含 }return 0; // 不包含 
}

六.连接上TCP

上面的弄好后，进行一次循环就可以连接上

void ESP8266_CONNECT_TO_TCP()
{for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 7; i++){  ESP8266_CMD(i,0);printf("cmd=%d\r\n",i);HAL_Delay(500);}
}

七.往TCP网络发送消息

也是对原有函数的封装，先获取要发送的长度，然后再发送

void ESP8266_send_TCP(const char *data)
{ESP8266_CMD(7,strlen(data));HAL_UART_Transmit(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)data,strlen(data),100);ESP8266_CMD(8,0);
}

八.接收TCP发送来的消息

根据我实测的话，虽然串口显示第一个是+，但是打印显示是在后两个位置，所以我做一个偏移


void ESP8266_IPD(const char *data)
{char *p=data;uint8_t leng=0;char hand[256];if(strlen(data)>6)//printf("data[0]=%c,data[1]=%c,data[2]=%c,data[3]=%c,data[4]=%c\r\n",data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3],data[4]);if (data[2] == '+' && data[3] == 'I' && data[4] == 'P' && data[5] == 'D'){p+=6; while (*p != ':') {leng = leng * 10 + *p - '0';p++;	}p++; strncpy(hand, p, leng); hand[leng] = '\0'; printf("Received data: %s\r\n", hand);}
}

九.H文件的修改

把串口和定时器编号修改对九可以了

#ifndef HC_TR_H
#define HC_TR_H#include "main.h"#define ESP8266_UART    &huart2
#define ESP8266_TIM    &htim2
void ESP8266_Change();
void ESP8266_Time(void);
void ESP8266_Init(void);
void ESP8266_UART_Handler(void);
void ESP8266_CMD(uint8_t cmd,uint16_t leng);
int contains_OK(const char *str, const char *substr);
void ESP8266_commom(const char *cmd);
void ESP8266_CONNECT_TO_TCP();
void ESP8266_send_TCP(const char *data);
void ESP8266_IPD(const char *data);#endif /* HC_TR_H */

十.功能测试及使用教程

首先我们手机开热点，2.4G,5G的不行

根据网站合宙 TCP/UDP web工具 (luatos.com)

获取的填入

然后在主函数添加头文件后，直接写

初始化加连接WIFI，还有发送两次数据

	ESP8266_Init();
ESP8266_CONNECT_TO_TCP();
ESP8266_send_TCP("hello\r\n");
ESP8266_send_TCP("yes ok\r\n");

然后编译烧录

串口助手打印的数据

AT+RSTOK
WIFI DISCONNECTcmd=0
(5d6f877)
SPI Speed : 40MHz
SPI Mode : DOUT
SPI Flash Size & Map: 8Mbit(512KB+512KB)
jump to run user1 @ 1000?rls髇lreadyATtime out
AT
ATbusy p...OKcmd=1
AT+CWMODE=1time out
AT+CWMODE=1
AT+CWMODE=1busy p...OKcmd=2
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"time out
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...
AT+CWJAP="lty2","2395832518"busy p...
AT+CWJAP
cmd=3
WIFI CONNECTEDAT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...WIFI GOT IPAT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...AT+CWJAP?time out
AT+CWJAP?busy p...OKcmd=4
AT+CIPMUX=0time out
AT+CIPMUX=0
AT+CIPMUX=0busy p...OKcmd=5
AT+CIPSTART="TCP","112.125.89.8",42137time out
AT+CIPSTART="TCP","112.125.89.8",42137
AT+CIPSTART="TCP","112.125.89.8",42137busy p...CONNECTOKcmd=6
AT+CIPSEND=7time out
AT+CIPSEND=7
AT+CIPSEND=7busy p...OK
> Recv 7 bytesSEND OKAT+CIPSEND=8OK
> Recv 8 bytesSEND OK+IPD,7:hello+IPD,8:yes okReceived data: hello+IPD,8:yes ok

然后我们去网站上发送

在串口助手上可以看见成功接收了

十一.完整源码

esp8266.c

#include "esp8266.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"// 定义ESP8266相关的缓冲区、长度、时间、标志位和等待响应字符串
uint8_t esp8266_buffer[128],esp8266_buff[1],esp8266_len=0,esp8266_time=0,esp8266_flag=0;
char esp8266_wait[100];// 定义ESP8266连接的WiFi信息和TCP服务器信息
const char ESP8266_WIFI_SSID[]="lty2";
const char ESP8266_WIFI_PassWord[]="2395832518";
const char ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_IP[]="112.125.89.8";
const char ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_PORT[]="42137";// 初始化ESP8266模块，启动定时器中断和UART接收中断
void ESP8266_Init(void)
{HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(ESP8266_TIM);HAL_UART_Receive_IT(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)esp8266_buff,1);
}// 发送ESP8266命令，根据不同的命令编号和数据长度构造命令
void ESP8266_CMD(uint8_t cmd,uint16_t leng)
{char buffer[100];switch(cmd){case 0:sprintf(buffer,"AT+RST\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");   break;case 1:sprintf(buffer,"AT\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;	case 2:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CWMODE=1\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;	case 3:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CWJAP=\"%s\",\"%s\"\r\n",ESP8266_WIFI_SSID,ESP8266_WIFI_PassWord);sprintf(esp8266_wait,"WIFI GOT IP");break;	case 4:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CWJAP?\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;	case 5:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CIPMUX=0\r\n");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;    case 6:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"%s\",%s\r\n",ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_IP,ESP8266_WIFI_TCP_PORT);sprintf(esp8266_wait,"OK");break;    case 7:sprintf(buffer,"AT+CIPSEND=%d\r\n",leng);sprintf(esp8266_wait,"");break;    case 8:sprintf(buffer,"");sprintf(esp8266_wait,"SEND OK");break;}ESP8266_commom(buffer);
}// 通用的ESP8266命令发送函数，发送命令并等待响应，超时会重新发送
void ESP8266_commom(const char *cmd)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)cmd,strlen(cmd),100);esp8266_flag=0;while (esp8266_flag==0){if (esp8266_time>200){HAL_UART_Transmit(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)cmd,strlen(cmd),100);printf("%s time out\r\n",cmd);esp8266_time=0;}}
}// 连接ESP8266到TCP服务器，依次发送多个初始化命令
void ESP8266_CONNECT_TO_TCP()
{for(uint8_t i = 0; i < 7; i++){  ESP8266_CMD(i,0);printf("cmd=%d\r\n",i);HAL_Delay(500);}
}// 通过ESP8266向TCP服务器发送数据
void ESP8266_send_TCP(const char *data)
{ESP8266_CMD(7,strlen(data));HAL_UART_Transmit(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)data,strlen(data),100);ESP8266_CMD(8,0);
}// 检查字符串中是否包含指定子字符串
int contains_OK(const char *str, const char *substr) {if (strstr(str, substr) != NULL) {return 1; // 包含指定子字符串}return 0; // 不包含指定子字符串
}// 处理ESP8266接收的数据，检查是否有期望响应并调用IPD处理函数
void ESP8266_Change()
{printf("%s\r\n",esp8266_buffer);if(contains_OK(esp8266_buffer,esp8266_wait)){esp8266_flag=1;}ESP8266_IPD(esp8266_buffer);
}// 解析ESP8266接收到的IPD数据
void ESP8266_IPD(const char *data)
{char *p=data;uint8_t leng=0;char hand[256];if(strlen(data)>6)//printf("data[0]=%c,data[1]=%c,data[2]=%c,data[3]=%c,data[4]=%c\r\n",data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3],data[4]);if (data[2] == '+' && data[3] == 'I' && data[4] == 'P' && data[5] == 'D'){p+=6; while (*p != ':') {leng = leng * 10 + *p - '0';p++;	}p++; strncpy(hand, p, leng); hand[leng] = '\0'; printf("Received data: %s\r\n", hand);}
}// 处理ESP8266 UART接收中断，将接收到的数据存入缓冲区
void ESP8266_UART_Handler(void)
{esp8266_buffer[esp8266_len++]=esp8266_buff[0];esp8266_time=0;HAL_UART_Receive_IT(ESP8266_UART,(uint8_t *)esp8266_buff,1);
}// 处理ESP8266定时器中断，超时后处理接收的数据并清空缓冲区
void ESP8266_Time(void)
{esp8266_time++;if((esp8266_time>10)&&(esp8266_len>0)){esp8266_buffer[esp8266_len]=0;ESP8266_Change();memset(esp8266_buffer, '\0', sizeof(esp8266_buffer));esp8266_len=0;esp8266_time=0; } 
}// UART接收完成回调函数，当USART2接收完成时调用ESP8266 UART处理函数
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{if(huart->Instance == USART2)		{	 ESP8266_UART_Handler();}			
}// 定时器周期溢出回调函数，当TIM2溢出时调用ESP8266时间处理函数
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{if(htim->Instance==TIM2){ESP8266_Time();}
}

esp8266.h

#ifndef HC_TR_H
#define HC_TR_H#include "main.h"#define ESP8266_UART    &huart2
#define ESP8266_TIM    &htim2
void ESP8266_Change();
void ESP8266_Time(void);
void ESP8266_Init(void);
void ESP8266_UART_Handler(void);
void ESP8266_CMD(uint8_t cmd,uint16_t leng);
int contains_OK(const char *str, const char *substr);
void ESP8266_commom(const char *cmd);
void ESP8266_CONNECT_TO_TCP();
void ESP8266_send_TCP(const char *data);
void ESP8266_IPD(const char *data);#endif

前言