用鸿蒙HarmonyOS5实现国际象棋小游戏的过程

下面是一个基于鸿蒙OS (HarmonyOS) 的国际象棋小游戏的完整实现代码，使用Java语言和鸿蒙的Ability框架。

1. 项目结构

/src/main/java/com/example/chess/├── MainAbilitySlice.java    // 主界面逻辑├── ChessView.java          // 游戏视图和逻辑├── ChessPiece.java         // 棋子类└── resources/├── base/│   ├── layout/│   │   └── ability_main.xml  // 布局文件│   └── graphic/│       └── board_bg.xml      // 棋盘背景

2. 实现代码

ChessPiece.java (棋子类)

package com.example.chess;public class ChessPiece {public static final int WHITE = 0;public static final int BLACK = 1;// 棋子类型常量public static final int KING = 0;      // 王public static final int QUEEN = 1;     // 后public static final int ROOK = 2;      // 车public static final int BISHOP = 3;    // 象public static final int KNIGHT = 4;    // 马public static final int PAWN = 5;      // 兵private int type;   // 棋子类型private int color;  // 棋子颜色private int row;    // 行private int col;    // 列private boolean hasMoved = false; // 是否移动过(用于王车易位和兵的初始移动)public ChessPiece(int type, int color, int row, int col) {this.type = type;this.color = color;this.row = row;this.col = col;}// getter和setter方法public int getType() {return type;}public int getColor() {return color;}public int getRow() {return row;}public void setRow(int row) {this.row = row;}public int getCol() {return col;}public void setCol(int col) {this.col = col;}public boolean hasMoved() {return hasMoved;}public void setMoved(boolean hasMoved) {this.hasMoved = hasMoved;}// 获取棋子Unicode字符public char getSymbol() {switch (type) {case KING: return color == WHITE ? '♔' : '♚';case QUEEN: return color == WHITE ? '♕' : '♛';case ROOK: return color == WHITE ? '♖' : '♜';case BISHOP: return color == WHITE ? '♗' : '♝';case KNIGHT: return color == WHITE ? '♘' : '♞';case PAWN: return color == WHITE ? '♙' : '♟';default: return ' ';}}
}

ChessView.java (游戏视图和逻辑)

package com.example.chess;import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.render.Canvas;
import ohos.agp.render.Paint;
import ohos.agp.utils.Color;
import ohos.agp.utils.RectFloat;
import ohos.app.Context;
import ohos.agp.components.AttrSet;
import ohos.multimodalinput.event.TouchEvent;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class ChessView extends Component implements Component.DrawTask {private static final int ROWS = 8;     // 棋盘行数private static final int COLS = 8;     // 棋盘列数private Paint lightPaint;              // 浅色格子画笔private Paint darkPaint;               // 深色格子画笔private Paint textPaint;               // 文字画笔private Paint highlightPaint;          // 高亮画笔private Paint moveHintPaint;           // 移动提示画笔private List<ChessPiece> pieces;       // 棋子列表private ChessPiece selectedPiece;      // 当前选中的棋子private int currentPlayer = ChessPiece.WHITE; // 当前玩家private List<int[]> possibleMoves;     // 当前选中棋子的可能移动位置public ChessView(Context context) {super(context);init();}public ChessView(Context context, AttrSet attrSet) {super(context, attrSet);init();}private void init() {lightPaint = new Paint();lightPaint.setColor(new Color(0xFFF0D9B5));lightPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_STYLE);darkPaint = new Paint();darkPaint.setColor(new Color(0xFFB58863));darkPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_STYLE);textPaint = new Paint();textPaint.setColor(new Color(0xFF000000));textPaint.setTextSize(50);textPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);highlightPaint = new Paint();highlightPaint.setColor(new Color(0x6644FF44));highlightPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_STYLE);moveHintPaint = new Paint();moveHintPaint.setColor(new Color(0x6644AAFF));moveHintPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_STYLE);initPieces();possibleMoves = new ArrayList<>();addDrawTask(this);setTouchEventListener(this::onTouchEvent);}private void initPieces() {pieces = new ArrayList<>();// 初始化白方棋子pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ROOK, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 0));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.KNIGHT, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 1));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.BISHOP, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 2));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.QUEEN, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 3));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.KING, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 4));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.BISHOP, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 5));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.KNIGHT, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 6));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ROOK, ChessPiece.WHITE, 7, 7));for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.PAWN, ChessPiece.WHITE, 6, i));}// 初始化黑方棋子pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ROOK, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 0));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.KNIGHT, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 1));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.BISHOP, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 2));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.QUEEN, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 3));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.KING, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 4));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.BISHOP, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 5));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.KNIGHT, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 6));pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.ROOK, ChessPiece.BLACK, 0, 7));for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {pieces.add(new ChessPiece(ChessPiece.PAWN, ChessPiece.BLACK, 1, i));}}@Overridepublic void onDraw(Component component, Canvas canvas) {int width = getWidth();int height = getHeight();float cellWidth = width / (float) COLS;float cellHeight = height / (float) ROWS;// 绘制棋盘drawBoard(canvas, width, height, cellWidth, cellHeight);// 绘制高亮和移动提示drawHighlights(canvas, cellWidth, cellHeight);// 绘制棋子drawPieces(canvas, cellWidth, cellHeight);}private void drawBoard(Canvas canvas, int width, int height, float cellWidth, float cellHeight) {for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {float left = j * cellWidth;float top = i * cellHeight;float right = left + cellWidth;float bottom = top + cellHeight;Paint paint = (i + j) % 2 == 0 ? lightPaint : darkPaint;canvas.drawRect(new RectFloat(left, top, right, bottom), paint);}}}private void drawHighlights(Canvas canvas, float cellWidth, float cellHeight) {// 绘制选中的棋子高亮if (selectedPiece != null) {float left = selectedPiece.getCol() * cellWidth;float top = selectedPiece.getRow() * cellHeight;float right = left + cellWidth;float bottom = top + cellHeight;canvas.drawRect(new RectFloat(left, top, right, bottom), highlightPaint);}// 绘制可能的移动位置for (int[] move : possibleMoves) {int row = move[0];int col = move[1];float left = col * cellWidth;float top = row * cellHeight;float right = left + cellWidth;float bottom = top + cellHeight;canvas.drawRect(new RectFloat(left, top, right, bottom), moveHintPaint);}}private void drawPieces(Canvas canvas, float cellWidth, float cellHeight) {for (ChessPiece piece : pieces) {float centerX = (piece.getCol() + 0.5f) * cellWidth;float centerY = (piece.getRow() + 0.5f) * cellHeight;textPaint.setColor(piece.getColor() == ChessPiece.WHITE ? Color.WHITE : Color.BLACK);canvas.drawText(String.valueOf(piece.getSymbol()), centerX, centerY + 15, textPaint);}}private boolean onTouchEvent(Component component, TouchEvent event) {if (event.getAction() == TouchEvent.PRIMARY_POINT_DOWN) {int width = getWidth();int height = getHeight();float cellWidth = width / (float) COLS;float cellHeight = height / (float) ROWS;int col = (int) (event.getPointerPosition(0).getX() / cellWidth);int row = (int) (event.getPointerPosition(0).getY() / cellHeight);if (row >= 0 && row < ROWS && col >= 0 && col < COLS) {handleClick(row, col);}}return true;}private void handleClick(int row, int col) {ChessPiece clickedPiece = getPieceAt(row, col);if (selectedPiece == null) {// 没有选中棋子时，尝试选中一个棋子if (clickedPiece != null && clickedPiece.getColor() == currentPlayer) {selectedPiece = clickedPiece;calculatePossibleMoves();invalidate();}} else {// 已经选中了一个棋子if (clickedPiece != null && clickedPiece.getColor() == currentPlayer) {// 点击的是己方棋子，切换选中selectedPiece = clickedPiece;calculatePossibleMoves();invalidate();} else {// 检查是否是合法的移动for (int[] move : possibleMoves) {if (move[0] == row && move[1] == col) {// 执行移动movePiece(selectedPiece, row, col);return;}}}}}private void calculatePossibleMoves() {possibleMoves.clear();if (selectedPiece == null) {return;}int fromRow = selectedPiece.getRow();int fromCol = selectedPiece.getCol();switch (selectedPiece.getType()) {case ChessPiece.KING:calculateKingMoves(fromRow, fromCol);break;case ChessPiece.QUEEN:calculateQueenMoves(fromRow, fromCol);break;case ChessPiece.ROOK:calculateRookMoves(fromRow, fromCol);break;case ChessPiece.BISHOP:calculateBishopMoves(fromRow, fromCol);break;case ChessPiece.KNIGHT:calculateKnightMoves(fromRow, fromCol);break;case ChessPiece.PAWN:calculatePawnMoves(fromRow, fromCol);break;}}private void calculateKingMoves(int fromRow, int fromCol) {// 国王可以移动到周围8个格子for (int i = -1; i <= 1; i++) {for (int j = -1; j <= 1; j++) {if (i == 0 && j == 0) continue;int toRow = fromRow + i;int toCol = fromCol + j;if (isValidPosition(toRow, toCol)) {ChessPiece target = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (target == null || target.getColor() != currentPlayer) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, toCol});}}}}// 王车易位(待实现)}private void calculateQueenMoves(int fromRow, int fromCol) {// 后可以沿直线和斜线移动任意距离calculateRookMoves(fromRow, fromCol);calculateBishopMoves(fromRow, fromCol);}private void calculateRookMoves(int fromRow, int fromCol) {// 车可以沿直线移动任意距离int[][] directions = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};for (int[] dir : directions) {for (int step = 1; step < 8; step++) {int toRow = fromRow + dir[0] * step;int toCol = fromCol + dir[1] * step;if (!isValidPosition(toRow, toCol)) break;ChessPiece target = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (target == null) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, toCol});} else {if (target.getColor() != currentPlayer) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, toCol});}break;}}}}private void calculateBishopMoves(int fromRow, int fromCol) {// 象可以沿斜线移动任意距离int[][] directions = {{-1, -1}, {-1, 1}, {1, -1}, {1, 1}};for (int[] dir : directions) {for (int step = 1; step < 8; step++) {int toRow = fromRow + dir[0] * step;int toCol = fromCol + dir[1] * step;if (!isValidPosition(toRow, toCol)) break;ChessPiece target = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (target == null) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, toCol});} else {if (target.getColor() != currentPlayer) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, toCol});}break;}}}}private void calculateKnightMoves(int fromRow, int fromCol) {// 马走日字int[][] moves = {{-2, -1}, {-2, 1}, {-1, -2}, {-1, 2},{1, -2}, {1, 2}, {2, -1}, {2, 1}};for (int[] move : moves) {int toRow = fromRow + move[0];int toCol = fromCol + move[1];if (isValidPosition(toRow, toCol)) {ChessPiece target = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (target == null || target.getColor() != currentPlayer) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, toCol});}}}}private void calculatePawnMoves(int fromRow, int fromCol) {int direction = (currentPlayer == ChessPiece.WHITE) ? -1 : 1;// 向前移动一格int toRow = fromRow + direction;if (isValidPosition(toRow, fromCol) && getPieceAt(toRow, fromCol) == null) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, fromCol});// 初始位置可以移动两格if ((currentPlayer == ChessPiece.WHITE && fromRow == 6) || (currentPlayer == ChessPiece.BLACK && fromRow == 1)) {toRow = fromRow + 2 * direction;if (getPieceAt(toRow, fromCol) == null) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, fromCol});}}}// 吃子(斜前方)int[] cols = {fromCol - 1, fromCol + 1};for (int toCol : cols) {toRow = fromRow + direction;if (isValidPosition(toRow, toCol)) {ChessPiece target = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (target != null && target.getColor() != currentPlayer) {possibleMoves.add(new int[]{toRow, toCol});}}}// 吃过路兵(待实现)}private boolean isValidPosition(int row, int col) {return row >= 0 && row < ROWS && col >= 0 && col < COLS;}private ChessPiece getPieceAt(int row, int col) {for (ChessPiece piece : pieces) {if (piece.getRow() == row && piece.getCol() == col) {return piece;}}return null;}private void movePiece(ChessPiece piece, int toRow, int toCol) {// 检查是否吃子ChessPiece target = getPieceAt(toRow, toCol);if (target != null) {pieces.remove(target);// 检查是否将死if (target.getType() == ChessPiece.KING) {gameOver(currentPlayer);return;}}// 移动棋子piece.setRow(toRow);piece.setCol(toCol);piece.setMoved(true);// 兵的升变(待实现)// 切换玩家currentPlayer = (currentPlayer == ChessPiece.WHITE) ? ChessPiece.BLACK : ChessPiece.WHITE;selectedPiece = null;possibleMoves.clear();invalidate();if (getContext() instanceof MainAbilitySlice) {String player = currentPlayer == ChessPiece.WHITE ? "白方" : "黑方";((MainAbilitySlice) getContext()).updateStatusText("当前回合: " + player);}}private void gameOver(int winner) {String message = (winner == ChessPiece.WHITE) ? "白方胜利!" : "黑方胜利!";if (getContext() instanceof MainAbilitySlice) {((MainAbilitySlice) getContext()).showGameOverDialog(message);}// 重置游戏initPieces();currentPlayer = ChessPiece.WHITE;selectedPiece = null;possibleMoves.clear();invalidate();}public void resetGame() {initPieces();currentPlayer = ChessPiece.WHITE;selectedPiece = null;possibleMoves.clear();invalidate();if (getContext() instanceof MainAbilitySlice) {((MainAbilitySlice) getContext()).updateStatusText("当前回合: 白方");}}
}

MainAbilitySlice.java (主界面)

package com.example.chess;import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.*;
import ohos.agp.window.dialog.ToastDialog;
import ohos.agp.components.DirectionalLayout;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {private ChessView chessView;private Text statusText;@Overridepublic void onStart(Intent intent) {super.onStart(intent);DirectionalLayout layout = new DirectionalLayout(this);layout.setOrientation(DirectionalLayout.VERTICAL);// 状态文本statusText = new Text(this);statusText.setText("当前回合: 白方");statusText.setTextSize(50);statusText.setPadding(10, 10, 10, 10);// 象棋视图chessView = new ChessView(this);// 按钮布局DirectionalLayout buttonLayout = new DirectionalLayout(this);buttonLayout.setOrientation(DirectionalLayout.HORIZONTAL);buttonLayout.setPadding(10, 10, 10, 10);// 重新开始按钮Button resetButton = new Button(this);resetButton.setText("重新开始");resetButton.setClickedListener(component -> chessView.resetGame());// 悔棋按钮Button undoButton = new Button(this);undoButton.setText("悔棋");undoButton.setClickedListener(component -> {new ToastDialog(this).setText("悔棋功能待实现").show();});buttonLayout.addComponent(resetButton);buttonLayout.addComponent(undoButton);layout.addComponent(statusText);layout.addComponent(chessView);layout.addComponent(buttonLayout);super.setUIContent(layout);}public void showGameOverDialog(String message) {new ToastDialog(this).setText(message).show();statusText.setText("游戏结束 - " + message);}public void updateStatusText(String text) {statusText.setText(text);}
}

ability_main.xml (布局文件)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayoutxmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="match_parent"ohos:orientation="vertical"><Textohos:id="$+id:status_text"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:text="当前回合: 白方"ohos:text_size="20fp"ohos:padding="10vp"/><com.example.chess.ChessViewohos:id="$+id:chess_view"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="0vp"ohos:weight="1"/><DirectionalLayoutohos:id="$+id:button_layout"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="wrap_content"ohos:orientation="horizontal"ohos:padding="10vp"><Buttonohos:id="$+id:reset_button"ohos:width="0vp"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:weight="1"ohos:text="重新开始"ohos:margin="5vp"/><Buttonohos:id="$+id:undo_button"ohos:width="0vp"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:weight="1"ohos:text="悔棋"ohos:margin="5vp"/></DirectionalLayout>
</DirectionalLayout>

3. 功能说明

1. ​​游戏规则​​：标准国际象棋规则
2. ​​棋子类型​​：
   • 王(King)、后(Queen)、车(Rook)、象(Bishop)、马(Knight)、兵(Pawn)
3. ​​界面元素​​：
   • 棋盘：8×8网格，交替颜色
   • 棋子：使用Unicode字符表示
   • 状态显示：当前回合信息
   • 操作按钮：重新开始、悔棋(待实现)
4. ​​交互​​：
   • 点击选中棋子，显示可移动位置
   • 再次点击目标位置移动棋子
   • 自动判断移动是否合法
   • 自动判断胜负