鸿蒙DevEco Studio HarmonyOS 5跑酷小游戏实现指南

1. 项目概述

本跑酷小游戏基于鸿蒙HarmonyOS 5开发，使用DevEco Studio作为开发工具，采用Java语言实现，包含角色控制、障碍物生成和分数计算系统。

2. 项目结构

/src/main/java/com/example/runner/├── MainAbilitySlice.java    // 主界面├── GameView.java          // 游戏核心逻辑├── Player.java           // 玩家角色类├── Obstacle.java         // 障碍物类└── resources/├── base/│   ├── layout/│   │   └── ability_main.xml  // 布局文件│   └── media/│       ├── player.png    // 角色图片│       ├── obstacle.png  // 障碍物图片│       ├── background.png // 背景图片│       └── ground.png    // 地面图片

3. 核心代码实现

3.1 玩家角色类(Player.java)

package com.example.runner;import ohos.agp.utils.RectFloat;public class Player {private RectFloat rect;      // 角色矩形区域private float velocityY;      // Y轴速度private boolean isJumping;   // 是否在跳跃private boolean isDucking;   // 是否在蹲下public Player(float left, float top, float right, float bottom) {this.rect = new RectFloat(left, top, right, bottom);this.velocityY = 0;this.isJumping = false;this.isDucking = false;}// 跳跃public void jump() {if (!isJumping) {velocityY = -25; // 向上的初速度isJumping = true;}}// 蹲下public void duck() {if (!isJumping) {isDucking = true;rect.modify(rect.left, rect.top + 20, rect.right, rect.bottom);}}// 站起public void stand() {isDucking = false;rect.modify(rect.left, rect.top - 20, rect.right, rect.bottom);}// 更新位置public void update() {if (isJumping) {// 更新Y轴位置rect.modify(rect.left, rect.top + velocityY, rect.right, rect.bottom + velocityY);// 应用重力velocityY += 1.5f;// 检查是否落地if (rect.top >= 0) {rect.modify(rect.left, 0, rect.right, rect.bottom - rect.top);isJumping = false;velocityY = 0;}}}// 检查碰撞public boolean checkCollision(RectFloat obstacle) {return rect.left < obstacle.right && rect.right > obstacle.left && rect.top < obstacle.bottom && rect.bottom > obstacle.top;}// getter方法public RectFloat getRect() { return rect; }public boolean isJumping() { return isJumping; }public boolean isDucking() { return isDucking; }
}

3.2 障碍物类(Obstacle.java)

package com.example.runner;import ohos.agp.utils.RectFloat;
import java.util.Random;public class Obstacle {private RectFloat rect;      // 障碍物矩形区域private int speed;          // 移动速度private boolean isActive;   // 是否活动private int type;          // 障碍物类型(0:低障碍,1:高障碍)public Obstacle(float left, float top, float right, float bottom, int speed, int type) {this.rect = new RectFloat(left, top, right, bottom);this.speed = speed;this.isActive = true;this.type = type;}// 更新位置public void update() {rect.modify(rect.left - speed, rect.top, rect.right - speed, rect.bottom);// 检查是否超出屏幕if (rect.right < 0) {isActive = false;}}// getter方法public RectFloat getRect() { return rect; }public boolean isActive() { return isActive; }public int getType() { return type; }// 随机生成障碍物public static Obstacle generateRandom(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, int speed) {Random random = new Random();int type = random.nextInt(2); // 0或1float width = 50;float height = type == 0 ? 30 : 60;float top = screenHeight - height;return new Obstacle(screenWidth, top, screenWidth + width, screenHeight, speed, type);}
}

3.3 游戏视图(GameView.java)

package com.example.runner;import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.render.Canvas;
import ohos.agp.render.Paint;
import ohos.agp.utils.Color;
import ohos.app.Context;
import ohos.media.image.PixelMap;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;public class GameView extends Component implements Component.DrawTask {private Player player;private ArrayList<Obstacle> obstacles = new ArrayList<>();private int score = 0;private int speed = 10;private boolean isGameOver = false;private Paint scorePaint;private Paint gameOverPaint;private PixelMap playerImage;private PixelMap obstacleImage;private PixelMap backgroundImage;private PixelMap groundImage;private Random random = new Random();private long lastObstacleTime = 0;private float groundPosition = 0;public GameView(Context context) {super(context);init();}private void init() {// 初始化画笔scorePaint = new Paint();scorePaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);scorePaint.setTextSize(50);gameOverPaint = new Paint();gameOverPaint.setColor(Color.RED);gameOverPaint.setTextSize(100);// 初始化玩家int screenHeight = getHeight();player = new Player(100, screenHeight - 100, 200, screenHeight);// 加载图片资源playerImage = loadPixelMap("entry/resources/base/media/player.png");obstacleImage = loadPixelMap("entry/resources/base/media/obstacle.png");backgroundImage = loadPixelMap("entry/resources/base/media/background.png");groundImage = loadPixelMap("entry/resources/base/media/ground.png");addDrawTask(this);setTouchEventListener(this::onTouchEvent);// 启动游戏循环startGameLoop();}@Overridepublic void onDraw(Component component, Canvas canvas) {// 绘制背景if (backgroundImage != null) {canvas.drawPixelMapHolder(backgroundImage.createPixelMapHolder(), 0, 0);} else {canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);}// 绘制地面if (groundImage != null) {for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {canvas.drawPixelMapHolder(groundImage.createPixelMapHolder(), groundPosition + i * getWidth(), getHeight() - 50);}}// 绘制玩家RectFloat playerRect = player.getRect();if (playerImage != null) {canvas.drawPixelMapHolder(playerImage.createPixelMapHolder(), playerRect.left, playerRect.top);} else {Paint playerPaint = new Paint();playerPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);canvas.drawRect(playerRect, playerPaint);}// 绘制障碍物for (Obstacle obstacle : obstacles) {if (obstacle.isActive()) {RectFloat rect = obstacle.getRect();if (obstacleImage != null) {canvas.drawPixelMapHolder(obstacleImage.createPixelMapHolder(), rect.left, rect.top);} else {Paint obstaclePaint = new Paint();obstaclePaint.setColor(Color.RED);canvas.drawRect(rect, obstaclePaint);}}}// 绘制分数canvas.drawText("分数: " + score, 50, 50, scorePaint);// 绘制游戏结束if (isGameOver) {canvas.drawText("游戏结束!", getWidth() / 2 - 150, getHeight() / 2, gameOverPaint);}}private boolean onTouchEvent(Component component, TouchEvent event) {if (isGameOver) {if (event.getAction() == TouchEvent.PRIMARY_POINT_DOWN) {resetGame();}return true;}switch (event.getAction()) {case TouchEvent.PRIMARY_POINT_DOWN:player.jump();break;case TouchEvent.POINT_MOVE:// 长按蹲下player.duck();break;case TouchEvent.PRIMARY_POINT_UP:player.stand();break;}return true;}private void startGameLoop() {// 使用定时器更新游戏状态getContext().getUITaskDispatcher().delayDispatch(() -> {if (!isGameOver) {long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();// 更新玩家player.update();// 生成新障碍物if (currentTime - lastObstacleTime > 1500 - speed * 10) {obstacles.add(Obstacle.generateRandom(getWidth(), getHeight(), speed));lastObstacleTime = currentTime;}// 更新障碍物for (Obstacle obstacle : obstacles) {obstacle.update();// 检查碰撞if (player.checkCollision(obstacle.getRect())) {isGameOver = true;}}// 更新地面位置groundPosition -= speed / 2;if (groundPosition <= -getWidth()) {groundPosition = 0;}// 增加分数score++;// 增加难度if (score % 100 == 0) {speed++;}// 清理不活动的障碍物cleanupObstacles();}invalidate();// 继续游戏循环startGameLoop();}, 16); // 约60帧/秒}private void cleanupObstacles() {for (int i = obstacles.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {if (!obstacles.get(i).isActive()) {obstacles.remove(i);}}}private PixelMap loadPixelMap(String path) {// 实现图片加载逻辑// 实际项目中应该使用ResourceManager加载资源return null;}public void resetGame() {obstacles.clear();player = new Player(100, getHeight() - 100, 200, getHeight());score = 0;speed = 10;isGameOver = false;lastObstacleTime = System.currentTimeMillis();groundPosition = 0;}
}

3.4 主界面(MainAbilitySlice.java)

package com.example.runner;import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;
import ohos.agp.components.DirectionalLayout;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
import ohos.agp.window.dialog.ToastDialog;public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {private GameView gameView;@Overridepublic void onStart(Intent intent) {super.onStart(intent);DirectionalLayout layout = new DirectionalLayout(this);layout.setOrientation(DirectionalLayout.VERTICAL);// 游戏视图gameView = new GameView(this);// 按钮布局DirectionalLayout buttonLayout = new DirectionalLayout(this);buttonLayout.setOrientation(DirectionalLayout.HORIZONTAL);buttonLayout.setPadding(10, 10, 10, 10);// 重新开始按钮Button resetButton = new Button(this);resetButton.setText("重新开始");resetButton.setClickedListener(component -> gameView.resetGame());// 帮助按钮Button helpButton = new Button(this);helpButton.setText("帮助");helpButton.setClickedListener(component -> showHelp());buttonLayout.addComponent(resetButton);buttonLayout.addComponent(helpButton);layout.addComponent(gameView);layout.addComponent(buttonLayout);super.setUIContent(layout);}private void showHelp() {new ToastDialog(this).setText("游戏玩法:\n1. 点击屏幕跳跃\n2. 长按屏幕蹲下\n3. 避开障碍物\n4. 坚持越久分数越高").show();}
}

4. 布局文件(ability_main.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayoutxmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="match_parent"ohos:orientation="vertical"ohos:background_element="#FFFFFF"><com.example.runner.GameViewohos:id="$+id:game_view"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="0vp"ohos:weight="1"/><DirectionalLayoutohos:id="$+id:button_layout"ohos:width="match_parent"ohos:height="wrap_content"ohos:orientation="horizontal"ohos:padding="10vp"ohos:margin="10vp"><Buttonohos:id="$+id:reset_button"ohos:width="0vp"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:weight="1"ohos:text="重新开始"ohos:text_size="16fp"ohos:margin="5vp"ohos:background_element="#4CAF50"/><Buttonohos:id="$+id:help_button"ohos:width="0vp"ohos:height="50vp"ohos:weight="1"ohos:text="帮助"ohos:text_size="16fp"ohos:margin="5vp"ohos:background_element="#2196F3"/></DirectionalLayout>
</DirectionalLayout>

5. 游戏核心机制实现

5.1 玩家控制逻辑

// 跳跃
public void jump() {if (!isJumping) {velocityY = -25; // 向上的初速度isJumping = true;}
}// 蹲下
public void duck() {if (!isJumping) {isDucking = true;rect.modify(rect.left, rect.top + 20, rect.right, rect.bottom);}
}// 更新位置
public void update() {if (isJumping) {// 更新Y轴位置rect.modify(rect.left, rect.top + velocityY, rect.right, rect.bottom + velocityY);// 应用重力velocityY += 1.5f;// 检查是否落地if (rect.top >= 0) {rect.modify(rect.left, 0, rect.right, rect.bottom - rect.top);isJumping = false;velocityY = 0;}}
}

5.2 障碍物生成逻辑

// 随机生成障碍物
public static Obstacle generateRandom(int screenWidth, int screenHeight, int speed) {Random random = new Random();int type = random.nextInt(2); // 0或1float width = 50;float height = type == 0 ? 30 : 60;float top = screenHeight - height;return new Obstacle(screenWidth, top, screenWidth + width, screenHeight, speed, type);
}// 在游戏循环中生成障碍物
if (currentTime - lastObstacleTime > 1500 - speed * 10) {obstacles.add(Obstacle.generateRandom(getWidth(), getHeight(), speed));lastObstacleTime = currentTime;
}

5.3 游戏循环与难度递增

private void startGameLoop() {getContext().getUITaskDispatcher().delayDispatch(() -> {if (!isGameOver) {// 更新游戏状态...// 增加分数score++;// 增加难度if (score % 100 == 0) {speed++;}}invalidate();startGameLoop();}, 16); // 约60帧/秒
}

6. 扩展功能建议

1. ​​多种角色选择​​：解锁不同外观的角色
2. ​​道具系统​​：无敌、加速、磁铁等道具
3. ​​场景变化​​：日夜交替或季节变化
4. ​​音效系统​​：跳跃音效、碰撞音效等
5. ​​特效系统​​：粒子效果、动画效果
6. ​​成就系统​​：记录玩家成就
7. ​​在线排行榜​​：与全球玩家比拼分数