数据库备份还原-mysqldump、mydumper、xtrabackup、压缩

目录

数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下

 一、创建student和score表

 二、为student表和score表增加记录

三、练习题

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数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下

 一、创建student和score表

CREATE  TABLE  student (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
birth  YEAR,
department  VARCHAR(20) ,
address  VARCHAR(50) 
);

CREATE  TABLE  score (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
grade  INT(10)
);

 二、为student表和score表增加记录

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

三、练习题

1.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p123 school > /backup/school

 2.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --add-drop-table school >  /backup/sch1.sql

 3.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p123 school | gzip > /backup/sch.sql.gz

 4.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p123 school student > /backup/stu

 5.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）yyu

 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p123 --databases school emp > /backup/two

 6.仅仅备份数据库结构

 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -u root -p123 --no-data school > /backup/nodata

7.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123 -A > /backup/all

8.还原MySQL数据库

mysql> drop database school;
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 school < /backup/school

9.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

[root@localhost backup]# gunzip < sch.sql.gz | mysql -u root -p密码 school

10.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=Fmx1220. /backup/test

11.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /backup/test/2023-07-21_14-29-08/
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /backup/test/2023-07-21_14-29-08/
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

12.使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p123 -B school -o /backup/myschool

13.使用mydumper恢复数据库

mysql> drop database school;
[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p123 -d /backup/myschool/ -o -B school