Linux防火墙报错：Failed to start firewalld.service Unit is masked

Linux防火墙报错：Failed to start firewalld.service: Unit is masked.

1、故障现象：

启动防火墙失败，报错情况如下：

systemctl start firewalld
# 报错：
Failed to start firewalld.service: Unit is masked.

原因是：（启动防火墙失败：防火墙被锁定）

2、解决方法：

解锁防火墙：（移除符号链接）

systemctl unmask firewalld.service
# 输出如下信息：
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/firewalld.service.

3、再次启动防火墙，查看状态：

systemctl start firewalld.servicesystemctl status firewalld.service 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-08-21 16:53:18 CST; 1s agoDocs: man:firewalld(1).......

Active: active (running) 看到这个已经代表启动防火墙了。

4、防火墙命令操作：

• 启动服务操作：

yum install firewalld  #安装firewalld 防火墙
systemctl start firewalld.service   #开启防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service    #关闭防火墙
systemctl enable firewalld.service  # 设置开机自动启动
firewall-cmd --reload  #在不改变状态的条件下重新加载防火墙

• 端口、ip限制：（注意：–permanent 是永久设置，没加则为临时）

#查看firewalld规则：
firewall-cmd --list-all# 添加单个IP，允许单个IP访问所有端口：
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-source=192.168.18.6#允许所有ip访问80端口：
firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp# 允许指定IP访问本机8080端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.18.72" port protocol="tcp" port="8080" accept'# 允许指定IP段访问本机8080-8090端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.18.0/24" port protocol="tcp" port="8080-8090" accept'# 禁止指定IP访问本机8080端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.18.10" port protocol="tcp" port="8080" reject'#移除第一条规则(所有的移除规则基本都是add改成remove)
firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.18.100" port protocol="tcp" port="8080" accept'

• 问题处理：

# 解决firewalld添加ip白名单不生效
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.18.19" accept' --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload