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【OpenCV实战】2.OpenCV基本数据类型实战

news 2025/12/3 0:52:47

OpenCV基本数据类型实战

- 〇、实战内容
- 1 OpenCV helloworld
- - - 1.1 文件结构类型
    - 1.2 CMakeList.txt
    - 1.3 Helloworld
- 2. Image的基本操作
- 3. OpenCV 基本数据类型
- 4. 读取图片的像素 & 遍历图片
- - - 4.1 获取制定像素
    - 4.2 遍历图片
- 5. 图片反色
- - - 5.1 方法1 ：遍历
    - 5.2 方法2 ：矩阵减法
- 6. 矩阵基本运算

〇、实战内容

OpenCV helloworld
Image的基本操作
OpenCV 基本数据类型
遍历图片，读取图片的像素
图片反色
矩阵基本操作

1 OpenCV helloworld

1.1 文件结构类型

assign_1build [cmake build所用]assign_1.cppCMakeLists.txtimg.webp

图片地址

1.2 CMakeList.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)
project(assign1)
find_package(OpenCV 3 REQUIRED HINTS /usr/local/opt/opencv@3) 
add_executable(assign1 assign_1.cpp)
target_link_libraries(assign1 ${OpenCV_LIBS})

cmake 3.10版本
使用C++ 11
project 名字为assign1
find_package寻找opencv@3库

1.3 Helloworld

assign_1.cpp

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>using namespace cv;
using namespace std;int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{Mat image = imread("/Users/..../computerphotography/course_zhengjiangdaxue/opencv-logo.png"); // 载入名为 "opencv-logo.png" 的图片namedWindow("hello");    // 创建一个标题为 "hello" 的窗口imshow("hello", result); // 在窗口 "hello" 中显示图片waitKey(0);              // 等待用户按下键盘destroyWindow("hello");  // 销毁窗口 "hello"return 0;
}

2. Image的基本操作

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{Mat image = imread("/Users/..../computerphotography/course_zhengjiangdaxue/opencv-logo.png"); // 载入名为 "opencv-logo.png" 的图片cout << "image size 1: " << image.size() << endl;cout << "image 行数: " << image.rows << endl;cout << "image 列数: " << image.cols << endl;cout << "image 通道数: " << image.channels() << endl;cout << "image type: " << image.type() << endl;return 0;
}

输出结果

image size 1: [200 x 200]
image 行数: 200
image 列数: 200
image 通道数: 3
image type: 16

3. OpenCV 基本数据类型

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{cout << "CV_8UC1:" << CV_8UC1 << endl;cout << "CV_8UC2:" << CV_8UC2 << endl;cout << "CV_8UC3:" << CV_8UC3 << endl;cout << "CV_8UC4:" << CV_8UC4 << endl;cout << "CV_8UC5:" << CV_8UC(5) << endl;cout << "CV_8SC1:" << CV_8SC1 << endl;cout << "CV_8SC2:" << CV_8SC2 << endl;cout << "CV_8SC3:" << CV_8SC3 << endl;cout << "CV_8SC4:" << CV_8SC4 << endl;cout << "CV_8SC5:" << CV_8SC(5) << endl;cout << "CV_16UC1:" << CV_16UC1 << endl;cout << "CV_16UC2:" << CV_16UC2 << endl;cout << "CV_16UC3:" << CV_16UC3 << endl;cout << "CV_16UC4:" << CV_16UC4 << endl;cout << "CV_16UC5:" << CV_16UC(5) << endl;cout << "CV_16SC1:" << CV_16SC1 << endl;cout << "CV_32SC1:" << CV_32SC1 << endl;cout << "CV_32FC1:" << CV_32FC1 << endl;cout << "CV_64FC1:" << CV_64FC1 << endl;
}

输出结果

CV_8UC1:0
CV_8UC2:8
CV_8UC3:16
CV_8UC4:24
CV_8UC5:32
CV_8SC1:1
CV_8SC2:9
CV_8SC3:17
CV_8SC4:25
CV_8SC5:33
CV_16UC1:2
CV_16UC2:10
CV_16UC3:18
CV_16UC4:26
CV_16UC5:34
CV_16SC1:3
CV_32SC1:4
CV_32FC1:5
CV_64FC1:6

CV_8UC1 8字节无符号类型，通道为1
CV_8UC3 8字节无符号类型，通道为3 即一个长度为3的数据例如[255,255,255] 三通道基本代表R, G, B
image.type() == 16 == CV_8UC3 即改图片是3通道
单通道，增加一通道，值增加8
CV_8UC1->0 -> uchar
CV_8SC1->1 -> char
CV_16UC1->2 -> ushort
CV_16SC1->3 -> short
CV_32SC1->4 -> int
CV_32FC1->5 -> float
CV_64FC1->6 -> double

4. 读取图片的像素 & 遍历图片

4.1 获取制定像素

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{// 3. 获取某一个像素值cout << "image at 0: " << image.at<Vec3b>(0) << endl;cout << "image at 10000000: " << image.at<Vec3b>(10000000) << endl;cout << "image at 39999: " << image.at<Vec3b>(39999) << endl;cout << "image at 199,199: " << image.at<Vec3b>(199, 199) << endl;}

输出：

image at 0: [255, 255, 255]
image at 10000000: [0, 0, 0]
image at 39999: [255, 255, 255]
image at 199,199: [255, 255, 255]

at方法
a. 需要制定对应的类型，单通道见Section3 说明；二通道Vec2b Vec2i Vec2f Vec2d
b. 参数可为1个，200 * 200 即 0<=index <=39999；参数为2个，则对应的行和列
超出索引也可获取值

4.2 遍历图片

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{// //5. 遍历图片像素，方法1，便利，判断是白色，赋值为黑色for(int i = 0;i<image.rows;i++){for(int j=0;j<image.cols;j++){if(image.at<Vec3b>(i,j) == white){image.at<Vec3b>(i,j) = black;}}}}

5. 图片反色

5.1 方法1 ：遍历

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{Vec3b white(255, 255, 255);for(int i = 0;i<image.rows;i++){for(int j=0;j<image.cols;j++){image.at<Vec3b>(i,j) = white - image.at<Vec3b>(i,j);}}
}

定义白色Vec3b white(255, 255, 255);
遍历图片用white减去每个像素颜色

5.2 方法2 ：矩阵减法

  Mat m(image.rows,image.cols,CV_8UC3,Scalar(255,255,255));image = m-image;

Mat 代表opencv里的矩阵
初始化的时候传入行数，列数，每个像素的数据格式，以及初始值
a. 如果CV_8UC1 就是Scalar(255)
b. 如果CV_8UC2 就是Scalar(255, 255)
初始化了一个CV_8UC3，和原始图片一样大的矩阵，然后做减法

6. 矩阵基本运算

int main(){Mat origin(10, 10, CV_32FC1, Scalar(0));for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++){if (i == j){cout << "i=" << i << "j=" << j << endl;origin.at<float>(i, j) = 2.0;}else if ((i == j - 1) || (i == j + 1)){origin.at<float>(i, j) = -1.0;}}}// 矩阵 的逆Mat invert = origin.inv();cout << "origin mat:"<<endl;print(origin);cout << endl<<"invert mat:"<<endl;print(invert);//矩阵加法cout << endl<< "add mat:"<<endl;origin = origin+invert;print(origin);//矩阵乘法cout << endl<< "multiply mat:"<<endl;origin = origin*invert;print(origin);//初始化对角线cout << endl<< "eye mat:"<<endl;Mat eye = Mat::eye(10,10,CV_32FC1);print(eye);cout << endl<< "normalize mat:"<<endl;Mat result;//归一化，最大的位白色，最小的为黑色normalize(invert, result, 1.0, 0.0, CV_MINMAX);// 现实窗口逻辑print(result);cout << endl;return 0;
}

输出结果：

origin mat:
[2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;-1, 2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, -1, 2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, -1, 2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, -1, 2, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 2, -1, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 2, -1, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 2, -1, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 2, -1;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 2]
invert mat:
[0.90909088, 0.81818181, 0.72727281, 0.63636357, 0.54545444, 0.45454538, 0.36363626, 0.27272728, 0.18181814, 0.090909071;0.81818181, 1.6363636, 1.4545456, 1.2727271, 1.0909089, 0.90909076, 0.72727251, 0.54545456, 0.36363629, 0.18181814;0.72727281, 1.4545456, 2.1818185, 1.9090908, 1.6363634, 1.3636361, 1.0909088, 0.81818181, 0.54545444, 0.27272722;0.63636369, 1.2727274, 1.909091, 2.5454543, 2.1818178, 1.8181814, 1.4545449, 1.090909, 0.72727257, 0.36363629;0.54545456, 1.0909091, 1.6363636, 2.1818178, 2.7272723, 2.2727268, 1.8181812, 1.3636363, 0.9090907, 0.45454535;0.45454544, 0.90909088, 1.3636363, 1.8181814, 2.2727268, 2.7272723, 2.1818175, 1.6363635, 1.0909089, 0.54545444;0.36363637, 0.72727275, 1.090909, 1.4545451, 1.8181815, 2.1818178, 2.545454, 1.9090909, 1.2727271, 0.63636357;0.27272728, 0.54545456, 0.81818181, 1.0909089, 1.3636363, 1.6363634, 1.9090906, 2.1818182, 1.4545454, 0.72727269;0.18181817, 0.36363634, 0.54545456, 0.72727257, 0.90909082, 1.0909089, 1.2727271, 1.4545454, 1.6363635, 0.81818175;0.090909094, 0.18181819, 0.27272728, 0.36363631, 0.45454541, 0.54545444, 0.63636357, 0.72727275, 0.81818175, 0.90909088]
add mat:
[2.909091, -0.18181819, 0.72727281, 0.63636357, 0.54545444, 0.45454538, 0.36363626, 0.27272728, 0.18181814, 0.090909071;-0.18181819, 3.6363635, 0.45454562, 1.2727271, 1.0909089, 0.90909076, 0.72727251, 0.54545456, 0.36363629, 0.18181814;0.72727281, 0.45454562, 4.1818185, 0.90909076, 1.6363634, 1.3636361, 1.0909088, 0.81818181, 0.54545444, 0.27272722;0.63636369, 1.2727274, 0.909091, 4.545454, 1.1818178, 1.8181814, 1.4545449, 1.090909, 0.72727257, 0.36363629;0.54545456, 1.0909091, 1.6363636, 1.1818178, 4.727272, 1.2727268, 1.8181812, 1.3636363, 0.9090907, 0.45454535;0.45454544, 0.90909088, 1.3636363, 1.8181814, 1.2727268, 4.727272, 1.1818175, 1.6363635, 1.0909089, 0.54545444;0.36363637, 0.72727275, 1.090909, 1.4545451, 1.8181815, 1.1818178, 4.545454, 0.90909088, 1.2727271, 0.63636357;0.27272728, 0.54545456, 0.81818181, 1.0909089, 1.3636363, 1.6363634, 0.90909064, 4.181818, 0.45454538, 0.72727269;0.18181817, 0.36363634, 0.54545456, 0.72727257, 0.90909082, 1.0909089, 1.2727271, 0.45454538, 3.6363635, -0.18181825;0.090909094, 0.18181819, 0.27272728, 0.36363631, 0.45454541, 0.54545444, 0.63636357, 0.72727275, -0.18181825, 2.909091]
multiply mat:
[4.181818, 5.4545455, 6.909091, 7.6363621, 7.7272706, 7.2727251, 6.3636341, 5.0909085, 3.5454535, 1.8181813;5.454545, 11.090909, 13.090909, 14.63636, 14.909087, 14.090905, 12.363631, 9.9090891, 6.9090891, 3.5454535;6.9090915, 13.09091, 18.818182, 20.363632, 20.999994, 19.999994, 17.636356, 14.181816, 9.9090881, 5.0909076;7.636363, 14.636362, 20.363634, 25.18181, 25.454536, 24.545444, 21.818171, 17.63636, 12.363632, 6.3636341;7.727272, 14.909089, 20.999996, 25.454536, 28.727262, 27.272717, 24.545443, 19.999994, 14.090904, 7.2727246;7.2727261, 14.090907, 19.999996, 24.545444, 27.272717, 28.727262, 25.454533, 20.999994, 14.909085, 7.7272701;6.3636355, 12.363635, 17.636362, 21.818174, 24.545446, 25.454536, 25.181808, 20.363632, 14.63636, 7.6363616;5.090909, 9.90909, 14.181817, 17.636358, 19.999994, 20.999994, 20.36363, 18.81818, 13.090906, 6.9090896;3.5454543, 6.9090905, 9.90909, 12.363633, 14.090905, 14.909086, 14.636359, 13.090907, 11.090907, 5.4545441;1.8181818, 3.5454545, 5.090909, 6.3636351, 7.2727256, 7.7272706, 7.6363616, 6.9090905, 5.4545445, 4.181818]
eye mat:
[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0;0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
normalize mat:
[0.31034487, 0.27586213, 0.24137938, 0.20689656, 0.17241378, 0.13793103, 0.10344826, 0.068965539, 0.034482758, 1.3546499e-09;0.27586213, 0.58620697, 0.51724154, 0.44827589, 0.37931034, 0.31034482, 0.24137928, 0.17241383, 0.10344827, 0.034482758;0.24137938, 0.51724154, 0.79310369, 0.68965524, 0.58620691, 0.48275861, 0.37931028, 0.27586213, 0.17241378, 0.068965517;0.2068966, 0.44827598, 0.6896553, 0.93103451, 0.7931034, 0.65517235, 0.51724124, 0.37931037, 0.24137929, 0.10344827;0.17241383, 0.37931043, 0.58620697, 0.7931034, 1, 0.82758617, 0.65517229, 0.48275867, 0.31034482, 0.13793102;0.13793106, 0.31034487, 0.48275867, 0.65517235, 0.82758617, 1, 0.79310334, 0.58620691, 0.37931034, 0.17241378;0.1034483, 0.24137937, 0.37931037, 0.51724136, 0.65517241, 0.7931034, 0.93103445, 0.68965524, 0.44827589, 0.20689656;0.068965539, 0.17241383, 0.27586213, 0.37931034, 0.48275867, 0.58620691, 0.68965518, 0.79310358, 0.51724142, 0.24137934;0.03448277, 0.10344829, 0.17241383, 0.24137929, 0.31034485, 0.37931034, 0.44827589, 0.51724142, 0.58620691, 0.2758621;9.8328981e-09, 0.034482773, 0.068965539, 0.10344828, 0.13793105, 0.17241378, 0.20689656, 0.24137937, 0.2758621, 0.31034487]
a123456@lucky build %

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