【Unity3D赛车游戏优化篇】【十】汽车粒子特效和引擎咆哮打造极速漂移

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👨‍💻个人主页：@元宇宙-秩沅

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👨‍💻 本文由 秩沅 原创

👨‍💻 收录于专栏：Unity游戏demo

⭐🅰️Unity3D赛车游戏⭐

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⭐前言⭐

–
😶‍🌫️版本: Unity2021
😶‍🌫️适合人群：Unity初学者进阶
😶‍🌫️学习目标：3D赛车游戏的基础制作
😶‍🌫️技能掌握：

Unity3D游戏制作片段【一】

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🎶（A）烟雾粒子特效

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😶‍🌫️初步添加

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• 新建脚本

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//-------------------------------------
//—————————————————————————————————————
//___________项目:       ______________
//___________功能：   汽车特效管理 
//___________创建者：_____梅西湖_____
//_____________________________________
//-------------------------------------
public class CarEffect : MonoBehaviour
{public ParticleSystem[] smoke;public CarMoveControl carControl;void Awake(){smoke = new ParticleSystem[4];//给有烟雾数组初始化赋值for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i] = transform.GetChild(1).GetChild(i).GetComponent<ParticleSystem>();}//初始化CarMoveContorl脚本carControl = gameObject .GetComponent<CarMoveControl>();StopSmoke();}private void Update(){//如果烟雾判断开关开启-按下空格或者 烟雾开关开启if(carControl.playPauseSmoke || InputManager.InputManagerment.handbanl ) StarSmoke();else StopSmoke();}//烟雾特效开始public void StarSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i].Play();}}//烟雾特效停止public void StopSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i].Stop();}}
}

• CarMoveContorl漂移板块中新增代码
  
• 相关参数官方解释

WheelHit.sidewaysSlip
WheelHit

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😶‍🌫️漂移烟雾粒子参数设置和位置设置后的效果

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• 参数设置
  

😶‍🌫️漂移烟雾排放量与速度关联

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• 脚本修改

    //烟雾特效开始public void StarSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){//var自动变成需要的类型，“你变我也变”var emisiion = smoke[i].emission;emisiion.rateOverTime = carControl.Km_H * 10 >= 200 ? carControl.Km_H * 10 : 2000;smoke[i].Play();}}

😶‍🌫️最终脚本

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using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//-------------------------------------
//—————————————————————————————————————
//___________项目:       ______________
//___________功能：   汽车特效管理 
//___________创建者：_____梅西湖_____
//_____________________________________
//-------------------------------------
public class CarEffect : MonoBehaviour
{public ParticleSystem[] smoke;public CarMoveControl carControl;void Awake(){smoke = new ParticleSystem[4];//给有烟雾数组初始化赋值for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i] = transform.GetChild(1).GetChild(i).GetComponent<ParticleSystem>();}//初始化CarMoveContorl脚本carControl = gameObject .GetComponent<CarMoveControl>();StopSmoke();}private void Update(){//如果烟雾判断开关开启-按下空格或者 烟雾开关开启if(carControl.playPauseSmoke || InputManager.InputManagerment.handbanl ) StarSmoke();else StopSmoke();}//烟雾特效开始public void StarSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){//var自动变成需要的类型var emisiion = smoke[i].emission;emisiion.rateOverTime = carControl.Km_H * 10 >= 200 ? carControl.Km_H * 10 : 2000;smoke[i].Play();}}//烟雾特效停止public void StopSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i].Stop();}}
}

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🎶（B）引擎咆哮

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😶‍🌫️资源下载

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😶‍🌫️多普勒效应

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生活中有这样一个有趣的现象：当声音由远及近或者由近及远时，我们会听到声音音调有高低的变化。这个现象就是“多普勒效应”。距离远的时候听到的声音比较低沉，距离近的时候，声音高频成分增加，听起来音调有所上升。

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😶‍🌫️ 四声道代码资源导入

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using System;
using UnityEngine;
using Random = UnityEngine.Random;//-------------------------------------
//—————————————————————————————————————
//___________项目:       ______________
//___________功能： 汽车声道管理
//___________创建者：秩沅_______________
//_____________________________________
//-------------------------------------public class CarAudio : MonoBehaviour
{//这个脚本读取汽车的一些当前属性，并相应地播放声音。//发动机的声音可以是一个简单的循环和音调剪辑，或者//可以是代表引擎音色的四个剪辑的交叉混合//在不同的转速和节气门状态下。//发动机夹子都应该是稳定的俯仰，而不是上升或下降。//当使用四通道发动机交叉火力时，四个夹子应为：//lowAccelClip：发动机处于低转速，节气门打开（即在非常低的速度下开始加速）//highAccelClip：高转速下的Thenengine，节气门打开（即加速，但几乎处于最高速度）//lowDecelClip：发动机处于低转速，节气门处于最小值（即怠速或发动机在极低转速下制动）//highDecelClip：高转速下的Thenengine，节气门处于最小值（即发动机在非常高的速度下制动）//为了获得适当的交叉火力，剪辑的音高应该全部匹配，在低音和高音之间有一个八度偏移。public enum EngineAudioOptions //发动机音频选项{Simple,      //单声道音频FourChannel      //四声道音频}public EngineAudioOptions engineSoundStyle = EngineAudioOptions.FourChannel;//将默认音频选项设置为四声道public AudioClip lowAccelClip;                                              //用于低加速的音频public AudioClip lowDecelClip;                                              //用于低减速音频public AudioClip highAccelClip;                                             //用于高加速的音频public AudioClip highDecelClip;                                             //用于高减速的音频public float pitchMultiplier = 1f;                                          // 用于更改音频片段的音调public float lowPitchMin = 1f;                                              // 低音的最低音高public float lowPitchMax = 6f;                                              // 低音的最高音高public float highPitchMultiplier = 0.25f;                                   // 用于改变高音的音高public float maxRolloffDistance = 500;                                      // 开始发生翻滚的最大距离public float dopplerLevel = 1;                                              // 音频中使用的多普勒效应public bool useDoppler = true;                                              // 多普勒效应是否勾选private AudioSource m_LowAccel;  // 低加速度声音的来源private AudioSource m_LowDecel;  // 低减速声音的来源private AudioSource m_HighAccel; // 高加速度声音的来源private AudioSource m_HighDecel; // 高减速度声音的来源private bool m_StartedSound;     // 是否已开始发声的标志//private CarController m_CarController; // Reference to car we are controllingpublic CarMoveControl m_CarController;//  private AIcontroller aicontroler;//开始发声private void StartSound(){//获取carcontroller（这不会为null，因为我们需要组件）//m_CarController=GetComponent＜CarController＞（）；//设置单声道音频源m_HighAccel = SetUpEngineAudioSource(highAccelClip);// 如果枚举选择了四声道音频，设置四个音频源if (engineSoundStyle == EngineAudioOptions.FourChannel){m_LowAccel = SetUpEngineAudioSource(lowAccelClip);m_LowDecel = SetUpEngineAudioSource(lowDecelClip);m_HighDecel = SetUpEngineAudioSource(highDecelClip);}//已开始发声的标志m_StartedSound = true;}//停止发声private void StopSound(){//销毁所有音频foreach (var source in GetComponents<AudioSource>()){Destroy(source);}//发声停止m_StartedSound = false;}private void FixedUpdate(){//获取到主摄像头的距离float camDist = (Camera.main.transform.position - transform.position).sqrMagnitude;  //sqrMagnitude为单位平方毫米//如果物体和相机的距离 超过最大滚降距离，则停止发声——模拟汽车事故损毁if (m_StartedSound && camDist > maxRolloffDistance * maxRolloffDistance){StopSound();}//如果没有播放，相机的距离和最大距离较近，则启动声音if (!m_StartedSound && camDist < maxRolloffDistance * maxRolloffDistance){StartSound();}if (m_StartedSound){//根据汽车的转速，音高在最小值和最大值之间插值。.float pitch = ULerp(lowPitchMin, lowPitchMax, m_CarController.engineRPM / m_CarController.maxRPM);//取最小音高pitch = Mathf.Min(lowPitchMax, pitch);if (engineSoundStyle == EngineAudioOptions.Simple){// 单声道时， 高加速度声音的音频资源的音高m_HighAccel.pitch = pitch * pitchMultiplier * highPitchMultiplier;m_HighAccel.dopplerLevel = useDoppler ? dopplerLevel : 0;m_HighAccel.volume = 1;}else{//4声道引擎声音//根据乘数调整音高m_LowAccel.pitch = pitch * pitchMultiplier;m_LowDecel.pitch = pitch * pitchMultiplier;m_HighAccel.pitch = pitch * highPitchMultiplier * pitchMultiplier;m_HighDecel.pitch = pitch * highPitchMultiplier * pitchMultiplier;float accFade = 0;// 获取基于加速度的声音衰减值accFade = Mathf.Abs((InputManager.InputManagerment .vertical > 0 ? InputManager.InputManagerment.vertical : 0));float decFade = 1 - accFade;//根据汽车转速获得高衰减值float highFade = Mathf.InverseLerp(0.2f, 0.8f, m_CarController.engineRPM / 10000);float lowFade = 1 - highFade;// 调整一组值以使其更加现实highFade = 1 - ((1 - highFade) * (1 - highFade));lowFade = 1 - ((1 - lowFade) * (1 - lowFade));accFade = 1 - ((1 - accFade) * (1 - accFade));decFade = 1 - ((1 - decFade) * (1 - decFade));//根据淡入度值修改音频资源m_LowAccel.volume = lowFade * accFade;m_LowDecel.volume = lowFade * decFade;m_HighAccel.volume = highFade * accFade;m_HighDecel.volume = highFade * decFade;//调整多普勒水平值m_HighAccel.dopplerLevel = useDoppler ? dopplerLevel : 0;m_LowAccel.dopplerLevel  = useDoppler ? dopplerLevel : 0;m_HighDecel.dopplerLevel = useDoppler ? dopplerLevel : 0;m_LowDecel.dopplerLevel  = useDoppler ? dopplerLevel : 0;}}}//设置新的音频源并将其添加到 对象private AudioSource SetUpEngineAudioSource(AudioClip clip){// 在游戏对象上创建新的音频源组件并设置其属性AudioSource source = gameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();source.clip = clip;source.volume = 0;source.spatialBlend = 1;source.loop = true;// 音频片段从随机点开始source.time = Random.Range(0f, clip.length);source.Play();source.minDistance = 5;source.maxDistance = maxRolloffDistance;source.dopplerLevel = 0;return source;}// 反转Lerp，允许值超过从a到b的范围private static float ULerp(float from, float to, float value){return (1.0f - value) * from + value * to;}
}

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🎶（C）漂移轨迹

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😶‍🌫️拖尾渲染器参数

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😶‍🌫️拖尾渲染器添加

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• 将TrailRender的灯光关闭
  
• 选择拖尾的材质和设置宽度
  

😶‍🌫️核心代码：

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//-------------------------------------
//—————————————————————————————————————
//___________项目:       ______________
//___________功能：   汽车特效管理 
//___________创建者：_____梅西湖_____
//_____________________________________
//-------------------------------------
public class CarEffect : MonoBehaviour
{public ParticleSystem[] smoke;     //获取粒子特效数组 public TrailRenderer[] TrailArray; //获取漂移拖尾数组public CarMoveControl carControl;  //获取脚本CarMoveContorlvoid Awake(){//初始化两个数组smoke = new ParticleSystem[4];TrailArray = new TrailRenderer[4];//给有烟雾数组 和 拖尾数组 初始化赋值for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i] = transform.GetChild(1).GetChild(i).GetComponent<ParticleSystem>();TrailArray[i] = transform.GetChild(1).GetChild(i).GetComponent<TrailRenderer>();} //初始化CarMoveContorl脚本carControl = gameObject .GetComponent<CarMoveControl>();//特效先停止StopSmoke();}private void Update(){//如果烟雾判断开关开启-按下空格或者 烟雾开关开启  和 漂移轨迹拖尾判断if (carControl.playPauseSmoke || InputManager.InputManagerment.handbanl){StarSmoke();   //开启烟雾StartTrail();  //开启拖尾特效}else{StopSmoke();  //关闭烟雾StopTrail();  //关闭拖尾特效}}//烟雾特效开始public void StarSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){//var自动变成需要的类型var emisiion = smoke[i].emission;emisiion.rateOverTime = carControl.Km_H * 10 >= 200 ? carControl.Km_H * 10 : 2000;smoke[i].Play();}}//烟雾特效停止public void StopSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i].Stop();}}//拖尾轨迹开启public void StartTrail(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){TrailArray[i].emitting = true;}}//拖尾轨迹关闭public void StopTrail(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){TrailArray[i].emitting = false;}}}

😶‍🌫️添加漂移音效

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• 关闭苏醒时激活，设置为3D，取消多普勒效应
  
  音频源官方手册解释
  

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😶‍🌫️最终代码

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//-------------------------------------
//—————————————————————————————————————
//___________项目:       ______________
//___________功能：   汽车特效管理 
//___________创建者：_____梅西湖_____
//_____________________________________
//-------------------------------------
public class CarEffect : MonoBehaviour
{public ParticleSystem[] smoke;     //获取粒子特效数组 public TrailRenderer[] TrailArray; //获取漂移拖尾数组public CarMoveControl carControl;  //获取脚本CarMoveContorlpublic AudioSource skipClip;       //获取音频文件void Awake(){//初始化两个数组smoke = new ParticleSystem[4];TrailArray = new TrailRenderer[4];//获取音频资源skipClip = GetComponent<AudioSource>();//给有烟雾数组 和 拖尾数组 初始化赋值for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i] = transform.GetChild(1).GetChild(i).GetComponent<ParticleSystem>();TrailArray[i] = transform.GetChild(1).GetChild(i).GetComponent<TrailRenderer>();} //初始化CarMoveContorl脚本carControl = gameObject .GetComponent<CarMoveControl>();//特效先停止StopSmoke();//音效先停止skipClip.Stop();}private void Update(){//如果烟雾判断开关开启-按下空格或者 烟雾开关开启  和 漂移轨迹拖尾判断if (carControl.playPauseSmoke || InputManager.InputManagerment.handbanl)StarSmoke();   //开启烟雾else       StopSmoke();  //关闭烟雾//当按下空格时if (InputManager.InputManagerment.handbanl)StartTrail();  //开启拖尾特效else StopTrail();  //关闭拖尾特效}//烟雾特效开始public void StarSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){//var自动变成需要的类型var emisiion = smoke[i].emission;emisiion.rateOverTime = carControl.Km_H * 10 >= 200 ? carControl.Km_H * 10 : 2000;smoke[i].Play();}}//烟雾特效停止public void StopSmoke(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){smoke[i].Stop();}}//拖尾轨迹开启public void StartTrail(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){TrailArray[i].emitting = true;}skipClip.Play();}//拖尾轨迹关闭public void StopTrail(){for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){TrailArray[i].emitting = false;}skipClip.Stop();}}

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⭐🅰️⭐

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⭐【Unityc#专题篇】之c#进阶篇】

⭐【Unityc#专题篇】之c#核心篇】

⭐【Unityc#专题篇】之c#基础篇】

⭐【Unity-c#专题篇】之c#入门篇】

⭐【Unityc#专题篇】—进阶章题单实践练习

⭐【Unityc#专题篇】—基础章题单实践练习

⭐【Unityc#专题篇】—核心章题单实践练习

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