UI自动化之混合框架

什么是混合框架，混合框架就是将数据驱动与关键字驱动结合在一起，主要用来回归业务主流程，将核心流程串联起来。

上一篇我们写到了关键字驱动框架，关键字驱动框架是针对一个业务场景的单条测试用例的。

我们以163邮箱的登录到创建联系人这个流程为例，来看看混合框架是怎样的。

首先准备一个存放测试用例和数据的excel文件，文件内容如下：

测试用例的sheet页：case

mock表示这条测试用例我们需要用到的框架模型，key表示关键字，data表示数据

step_sheet表示这条用例我们需要用到的关键字驱动的sheet页名称

data_sheet表示这条用例我们需要用到的数据驱动的sheet页名称

login_step页：

add_person_step页：添加联系人的步骤

add_person_data页：添加联系人所需要用到的数据

excel的准备工作就完成了，接下来看代码：

首先是项目目录：只写了简单的几个目录，其他的目录在pageobject三层架构中写过，可以参考，都是一样的。

Setting文件夹的Config.py文件：

# Config.py
import osBase_Dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))# 测试数据文件
Test_Data_Path = os.path.join(Base_Dir, 'TestData')

Util文件夹的find_ele.py文件：

# find_ele.py
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWaitdef find_element(driver, location_type, location_express):'''查找控件元素'''try:driver = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(lambda driver:driver.find_element(location_type, location_express))return driverexcept Exception as e:raise edef find_elements(driver, location_type, location_express):'''查找元素组'''try:driver = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(lambda driver:driver.find_elements(location_type, location_express))return driverexcept Exception as e:raise e

Util文件夹的excel_parse.py文件：读取excel的内容

# excel_parse.py
from Setting.Config import Test_Data_Path
from openpyxl import load_workbookclass ExcelParse:def __init__(self):self.workbook = None# self.sheet = Nonedef load_workbook(self, filename):'''加载文件'''try:self.workbook = load_workbook(filename)except Exception as e:raise edef get_sheet(self, sheetname):'''获取sheet页'''try:# self.sheet = self.workbook[sheetname]return self.workbook[sheetname]except Exception as e:raise edef get_row_num(self, sheet):'''返回行数'''# return self.sheet.max_rowreturn sheet.max_rowdef get_col_num(self, sheet):'''返回列数'''# return self.sheet.max_columnreturn sheet.max_columndef get_cell_value(self, sheet, row, col):'''返回某一单元格的值'''# return self.sheet.cell(row=row, column=col).valuereturn sheet.cell(row=row, column=col).valuedef get_row_value(self, sheet, row):'''返回某一行的值'''try:col = self.get_col_num(sheet)data = []for i in range(1, col+1):data.append(self.get_cell_value(sheet, row, i))return dataexcept Exception as e:raise edef write_cell(self, sheet, row, col, filename, content):'''单元格赋值'''try:# self.sheet.cell(row=row, column=col, value=content)sheet.cell(row=row, column=col, value=content)self.workbook.save(filename)except Exception as e:raise eif __name__ == '__main__':execl = ExcelParse()execl.load_workbook(Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx')sheet = execl.get_sheet('case')# execl.get_sheet('login')res = execl.get_row_value(sheet, 2)print(res)

Util文件夹的elementAction.py文件：执行动作的封装

# elementAction.py
import timefrom selenium import webdriver
from Util.find_ele import find_element, find_elementsdriver = Nonedef open_browse(browser_name, *args):'''打开浏览器'''global drivertry:if browser_name.lower() == 'chrome':driver = webdriver.Chrome()elif browser_name.lower() == 'firefox':driver = webdriver.Firefox()else:driver = webdriver.Ie()except Exception as e:raise edef get_url(url, *args):'''打开网址'''try:driver.get(url)except Exception as e:raise edef max_window(*args):'''窗口最大化'''try:driver.maximize_window()except Exception as e:raise edef switch_frame(location_type, location_express, *args):'''切换iframe'''try:frame = find_element(driver, location_type, location_express)driver.switch_to.frame(frame)except Exception as e:raise edef input_content(location_type, location_express, content, *args):'''定位输入框，输入内容'''try:find_element(driver, location_type, location_express).send_keys(content)except Exception as e:raise edef input_subject(location_type, location_express, input_conetnt, *args):'''定位输入框，输入内容'''try:# location_express的值为：location_express, index = location_express.split(',')find_elements(driver, location_type, location_express)[int(index)].send_keys(input_conetnt)except Exception as e:raise edef switch_default(*args):'''返回默认iframe'''try:driver.switch_to.default_content()except Exception as e:raise edef click(location_type, location_express, *args):'''点击操作'''try:find_element(driver, location_type, location_express).click()except Exception as e:raise edef assert_title(title, *args):'''断言title是否正确'''try:assert title in driver.titleexcept Exception as e:raise edef close_browse():'''关闭浏览器'''driver.quit()def sleep(sec):'''等待'''time.sleep(sec)if __name__ == '__main__':open_browse('chrome')get_url('http://mail.163.com')max_window()switch_frame('tag name', 'iframe')input_content('name', 'email', 'YM_yimin')input_content('name', 'password', 'yimin19960930')click('id', 'dologin')assert_title('网易')

Util文件夹的common.py文件：封装拼接的执行动作函数

# common.py
def generate_method_express(location_type, location_express, key_word, operate_data):# location_type, location_express为空，operate_data不为空if key_word and operate_data and location_type is None and location_express is None:# 判断操作值的类型if isinstance(operate_data, int):method_express = key_word + '(' + str(operate_data) + ')'else:method_express = key_word + "('" + operate_data + "')"# print(method_express)# 只有关键字有值，其他的都为空，比如：max_window, close_browseelif key_word and operate_data is None and location_type is None and location_express is None:method_express = key_word + '()'# print(method_express)# location_type,location_express不为空，operate_data为空elif key_word and location_type and location_express and operate_data is None:method_express = key_word + "('" + location_type + "','" + location_express + "')"# print(method_express)# 都不为空else:if isinstance(operate_data, int):method_express = key_word + "('" + location_type + "','" + location_express + "'," + str(operate_data) + ")"else:method_express = key_word + "('" + location_type + "','" + location_express + "','" + operate_data + "')"print(method_express)return method_express

TestScript文件夹下的add_contractor.py文件：添加联系人的测试用例执行

# 添加联系人
import timefrom Util.common import generate_method_express
from Util.excel_parse import ExcelParse
from Setting.Config import Test_Data_Path
from Util.elementAction import *
from Util import elementAction
from Util.find_ele import find_elementdef add_contractors(excel, stepSheet, dataSheet):'''添加联系人'''# 数据源行数data_row_nums = excel.get_row_num(dataSheet)# 步骤行数step_row_nums = excel.get_row_num(stepSheet)# 成功的步骤数success_record = 0# 数据驱动sheet页中需要执行的行数need_run_record = 0# 遍历数据驱动sheet页中的数据for i in range(2, data_row_nums):# 判断数据驱动sheet页的数据是否需要执行if excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 6).lower() == 'y':need_run_record += 1# 将这一行的数据全部拿出来name = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 1)   # 姓名email = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 2)   # 邮箱is_star = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 3)   # 是否星标phone = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 4)    # 电话号码remarks = excel.get_cell_value(dataSheet, i, 2)   # 备注success_step = 0     # 记录每行数据成功的步骤数# 编辑关键字驱动sheet页中的步骤for j in range(2, step_row_nums):# 获取关键字驱动sheet页中的每行数据step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 2)         # 步骤描述location_type = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 3)     # 定位方式location_express = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 4)   # 定位方式表达式keyword = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 5)           # 关键字operate_value = excel.get_cell_value(stepSheet, j, 6)      # 操作值# 当操作值是变量的时候，要引用数据源（数据驱动sheet页）中的数据# operate_value的值是字符串，并且以${开头，}结尾， 例如operate_value='${name}'if isinstance(operate_value, str) and operate_value.startswith('${') and operate_value.endswith('}'):# 把operate_value中的变量名截取出来operate_value = eval(operate_value[2:operate_value.index('}')])# 组装函数，拼接每个步骤的执行动作函数func_express = generate_method_express(location_type, location_express, keyword, operate_value)# 当step_desc为星标是否选择时,当operate_value等于Y（即执行点击操作），选中星标，当operate_value等于Y，不选中星标（即不执行点击操作）# func_express = click(location_type, location_express, 'Y/N')if operate_value != 'no_star':# 执行选中星标，点击操作try:eval(func_express)except Exception as e:raise eelse:# 执行选中星标操作，没有异常，成功步骤+1success_step += 1else:# 不执行选中星标操作，要记录成功步骤数success_step += 1# 判断成功步骤数，与关键字驱动sheet页的步骤数是否相等if success_step+1 == step_row_nums:# 成功步骤数+1 等于 关键字驱动sheet页的行数, 成功的数据+1success_record += 1# 将成功的结果写入数据驱动sheet页对应的单元格excel.write_cell(dataSheet, i, 7, Test_Data_Path+'/test_data.xlsx', 'pass')else:excel.write_cell(dataSheet, i, 7, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'fail')# 数据驱动sheet页中的所有数据全部轮训执行完之后# 判断成功记录数success_record 和 需要执行的数据need_run_record  相等，则说明该测试用例执行成功if success_record == need_run_record:return 'Pass'else:return 'Fail'if __name__ == '__main__':from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get('http://mail.163.com')frame = find_element(driver, 'tag name', 'iframe')driver.switch_to.frame(frame)find_element(driver, 'name', 'email').send_keys('test123')find_element(driver, 'name', 'password').send_keys('a123456')find_element(driver, 'id', 'dologin').click()time.sleep(5)elementAction.driver = driverexecl = ExcelParse()execl.load_workbook(Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx')step_sheet = execl.get_sheet('add_person_step')data_sheet = execl.get_sheet('add_person_data')add_contractors(execl,step_sheet, data_sheet)

TestScript文件夹的test_login_add_send.py文件：读取case页的测试用例，进行执行

# test_login_add_send.py
from Util.excel_parse import ExcelParse
from Setting.Config import Test_Data_Path
from TestScript.add_contractor import add_contractors
from Util.common import generate_method_expressdef test_loginAndAddAndSend():try:# 获取数据文件case中的内容excel = ExcelParse()excel.load_workbook(Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx')case_sheet = excel.get_sheet('case')    # 获取测试用例sheet页case_nums = excel.get_row_num(case_sheet)     # case的总行数# 遍历case中的数据for i in range(2, case_nums+1):# 判断该用例是否要执行if excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 7) == 'y':# 获取用例名称case_name = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 2)# 框架类型frame_mode = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 4)# 步骤sheet名step_sheet_name = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 5)stepsheet = excel.get_sheet(step_sheet_name)   # 获取步骤sheet页if frame_mode == 'data':# 如果框架类型为data，获取数据sheet名data_sheet_name = excel.get_cell_value(case_sheet, i, 6)# 分别获取两个sheet，作为参数传入datasheet = excel.get_sheet(data_sheet_name)result = None# 调用对应的方法，即添加联系人的方法if case_name == 'add_person':result = add_contractors(excel, stepsheet, datasheet)if result == 'Pass':excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Pass')else:excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Fail')elif frame_mode == 'key':# 获取步骤数step_nums = excel.get_row_num(stepsheet)# 记录成功的步骤数success_step_num = 0for j in range(2, step_nums+1):# 步骤描述step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 2)location_type = step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 3)location_express = step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 4)key_word = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 5)operate_value = step_desc = excel.get_cell_value(stepsheet, j, 6)# 构建函数表达式func_express = generate_method_express(location_type, location_express, key_word, operate_value)# 执行函数, 不抛出异常就认为执行成功try:print(f'开始执行 {step_desc}')eval(func_express)except Exception as e:print(f'执行{step_desc}发生异常{e}')# 某一步发生异常，则该用例执行失败，将失败结果写入测试用例（case）sheet页excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Fail')else:success_step_num += 1# 执行成功步骤数+1 = 步骤总数，用例执行成功if success_step_num+1 == step_nums:# 写入成功excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Pass')else:excel.write_cell(case_sheet, i, 8, Test_Data_Path + '/test_data.xlsx', 'Skip')except Exception as e:raise e

最后执行test_login_add_send.py文件，即实现了混合框架。