【日常笔记】使用Server过程中可能遇到的一些问题

1. 如何查找GPU型号与驱动版本之间的关系？

安装新的CUDA驱动的时候，需要查找当前GPU对应的驱动版本，可登录https://www.nvidia.com/Download/Find.aspx?lang=en-us得到，登录界面如下：

输入相应的GPU型号即可获得对应驱动程序。

2. 如何查看当前Server的内核版本？

1）查看内核列表：

$ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-image
linux-image-5.0.0-23-generic                    deinstall
linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic                    deinstall
linux-image-5.0.0-27-generic                    deinstall
linux-image-5.0.0-29-generic                    deinstall
linux-image-5.0.0-31-generic                    deinstall
linux-image-5.0.0-32-generic                    deinstall

2）查看当前使用的内核版本：

$ uname -r
5.4.0-146-generic

3）删除非当前使用的内核：

$ sudo apt-get remove linux-image-***-generic

3. 使用Nvidia过程中可能用到的命令

1）查看显卡基本信息

$ nvidia-smi
Tue Sep  5 23:43:55 2023
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 470.182.03   Driver Version: 470.182.03   CUDA Version: 11.4     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA TITAN X ...  Off  | 00000000:02:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 26%   46C    P8    11W / 250W |      0MiB / 12196MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   1  NVIDIA TITAN X ...  Off  | 00000000:03:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 30%   52C    P8    12W / 250W |      0MiB / 12196MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   2  NVIDIA TITAN X ...  Off  | 00000000:82:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 34%   58C    P8    15W / 250W |      0MiB / 12196MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   3  NVIDIA TITAN X ...  Off  | 00000000:83:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 32%   55C    P8    13W / 250W |      0MiB / 12196MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2）Nvidia驱动和CUDA runtime版本对应关系
通过Nvidia官网查询，地址为：https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-toolkit-release-notes/index.html。其最新驱动与CUDA runtime版本的对应关系如下：

3）使用conda安装TensorFlow
使用Conda安装Tensorflow-GPU时，它会自动下载依赖项，比如最重要的CUDA和cuDNN等
查找TensorFlow包：

$ conda search tensorflow

安装TensorFlow-GPU 2.4.1

$ conda install tensorflow-gpu=2.4.1

4）使用pip安装TensorFlow
安装cudatookit:

$ pip install cudatoolkit==11.8.0

安装cudnn:

$ pip install cudnn

安装TensorFlow-GPU 2.4.1:

$ pip install tensorflow-gpu==2.4.1

具体版本根据实际情况进行适配！！！

4. 对Jupyter Notebook的一些配置

对Jupyter Notebook进行一些配置可以方便我们的代码开发工作。
1）生成配置文件

$ jupyter notebook --generate-config

将在当前用户目录下生成文件：.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py
2）生成当前用户登录密码。
打开ipython，创建一个密文密码：

$ ipython
Python 3.8.16 (default, Mar  2 2023, 03:21:46)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 8.12.2 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.In [1]:from notebook.auth import passwd
In [2]:passwd()
Enter password:
Verify password:

3）修改配置文件
对配置文件执行如下修改：

$ vim ~/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py
c.NotebookApp.ip = '*'  # 设置所有ip皆可访问
c.NotebookApp.password = u'argon2:$argon....'   # 粘贴上一步生成的密文
c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False  # 禁止自动打开浏览器
c.NotebookApp.port = 8899  # 指定端口

4）启动jupyter notebook
这里最好令其后台启动，并不记录日志：

$ nohup jupyter notebook >/dev/null 2>&1 &

然后就可以在浏览器中输入http://YOUIP:port，进入jupyter notebook界面：

5. TensorFlow的一般操作

1）验证TensorFlow安装是否成功：

$ python
Python 3.8.16 (default, Mar  2 2023, 03:21:46)
[GCC 11.2.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow as tf
2023-09-06 00:18:25.800736: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical operations.
To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.
2023-09-06 00:18:28.733394: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT
>>> print(tf.__version__)
2.12.0
>>> print(tf.test.is_gpu_available())
WARNING:tensorflow:From <stdin>:1: is_gpu_available (from tensorflow.python.framework.test_util) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Use `tf.config.list_physical_devices('GPU')` instead.
2023-09-06 00:19:04.284931: W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1956] Cannot dlopen some GPU libraries. Please make sure the missing libraries mentioned above are installed properly if you would like to use GPU. Follow the guide at https://www.tensorflow.org/install/gpu for how to download and setup the required libraries for your platform.
Skipping registering GPU devices...
False
>>> print(tf.config.list_physical_devices('GPU'))
2023-09-06 00:19:26.509357: W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1956] Cannot dlopen some GPU libraries. Please make sure the missing libraries mentioned above are installed properly if you would like to use GPU. Follow the guide at https://www.tensorflow.org/install/gpu for how to download and setup the required libraries for your platform.
Skipping registering GPU devices...
[]

如果正常执行成功，则返回当前可用的GPU编号。显然这里存在问题，缺少一些libraries。

注意：建议使用conda安装TensorFlow。

6. 使用PyTorch的一些操作

1）登录PyTorch官网，选择安装配置

可以选择最新版，或者是根据下方的链接选择旧版本。
2）使用CUDA安装
这里我们根据CUDA的版本，选择安装v1.13.0版PyTorch GPU版本

# CUDA 11.6
conda install pytorch==1.13.0 torchvision==0.14.0 torchaudio==0.13.0 pytorch-cuda=11.6 -c pytorch -c nvidia

如果无法执行，或者下载很慢，则可以把-c pytorch去掉，因为-c参数指明了下载PyTorch的通道，优先级比国内镜像更高。
3）使用pip安装

# CUDA 11.6
pip install torch==1.13.0+cu116 torchvision==0.14.0+cu116 torchaudio==0.13.0 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu116

5）验证安装是否成功

>>> import torch
>>> print(torch.__version__)
2.0.1+cu117
>>> print(torch.cuda.is_available())
True

7. 修改安装源为国内地址

1）修改conda安装源为清华源
在用户当前目录下，创建.condarc文件，然后把以下内容放入到该文件即可：

channels:- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloudmsys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloudbioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloudmenpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloudpytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloudpytorch-lts: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloudsimpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/clouddeepmodeling: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/

2）修改pip安装源
这里同样选择清华源。
临时使用: pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple some-package
设为默认:

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple