RustDay04------Exercise[21-30]

21.使用()对变量进行解包

// primitive_types5.rs
// Destructure the `cat` tuple so that the println will work.
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.fn main() {let cat = ("Furry McFurson", 3.5);// 这里要使用()解包 而不是{}解包let (name,age)= cat;println!("{} is {} years old.", name, age);
}

22.元组的下标引用

使用.index来进行下标索引,注意数组依旧采取[index]的方式来进行下标索引

// primitive_types6.rs
// Use a tuple index to access the second element of `numbers`.
// You can put the expression for the second element where ??? is so that the test passes.
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.#[test]
fn indexing_tuple() {let numbers = (1, 2, 3);// Replace below ??? with the tuple indexing syntax.let second = numbers.1;assert_eq!(2, second,"This is not the 2nd number in the tuple!")
}

23.使用Vec!来创建数组

注意是小写的vec!

// vecs1.rs
// Your task is to create a `Vec` which holds the exact same elements
// as in the array `a`.
// Make me compile and pass the test!
// Execute `rustlings hint vecs1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.fn array_and_vec() -> ([i32; 4], Vec<i32>) {let a = [10, 20, 30, 40]; // a plain arraylet v = vec![10, 20, 30, 40];// TODO: declare your vector here with the macro for vectors(a, v)
}#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {use super::*;#[test]fn test_array_and_vec_similarity() {let (a, v) = array_and_vec();assert_eq!(a, v[..]);}
}

24.Vec和map的遍历迭代

// vecs2.rs
// A Vec of even numbers is given. Your task is to complete the loop
// so that each number in the Vec is multiplied by 2.
//
// Make me pass the test!
//
// Execute `rustlings hint vecs2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.fn vec_loop(mut v: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {for i in v.iter_mut() {// TODO: Fill this up so that each element in the Vec `v` is// multiplied by 2.*i*=2;}// At this point, `v` should be equal to [4, 8, 12, 16, 20].v
}fn vec_map(v: &Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {v.iter().map(|num| {// TODO: Do the same thing as above - but instead of mutating the// Vec, you can just return the new number!num*2}).collect()
}#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {use super::*;#[test]fn test_vec_loop() {let v: Vec<i32> = (1..).filter(|x| x % 2 == 0).take(5).collect();let ans = vec_loop(v.clone());assert_eq!(ans, v.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::<Vec<i32>>());}#[test]fn test_vec_map() {let v: Vec<i32> = (1..).filter(|x| x % 2 == 0).take(5).collect();let ans = vec_map(&v);assert_eq!(ans, v.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect::<Vec<i32>>());}
}

25.可变借用

开始vec1没有生命mut 所以push会报错 ,加上mut申明即可

// move_semantics1.rs
// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.// I AM NOT DONEfn main() {let vec0 = Vec::new();let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0);println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);vec1.push(88);println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
}fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {let mut vec = vec;vec.push(22);vec.push(44);vec.push(66);vec
}

26.不能修改传入给函数的参数,但是可以修改其克隆体(应该是这样??)

Rust不允许在默认情况下修改传递给函数的参数，但当你明确地创建一个克隆（clone）时，你可以在函数内部对克隆进行修改，因为克隆是一个独立的拥有者。

// move_semantics2.rs
// Make me compile without changing line 13 or moving line 10!
// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.// I AM NOT DONEfn main() {let vec0 = Vec::new();let mut vec1 = fill_vec(vec0.clone());// Do not change the following line!println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec0", vec0.len(), vec0);vec1.push(88);println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
}fn fill_vec(vec: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {let mut vec = vec;vec.push(22);vec.push(44);vec.push(66);vec
}

27.全部变成mut,解决所有烦恼

// move_semantics3.rs
// Make me compile without adding new lines-- just changing existing lines!
// (no lines with multiple semicolons necessary!)
// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.// I AM NOT DONEfn main() {let mut vec0 = Vec::new();let mut vec1 = fill_vec(&mut vec0);println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);vec1.push(88);println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
}fn fill_vec(vec: &mut Vec<i32>) -> &mut Vec<i32> {vec.push(22);vec.push(44);vec.push(66);vec
}

28.不传入参数,在函数内部创建vector

这里是题目要求

// move_semantics4.rs
// Refactor this code so that instead of passing `vec0` into the `fill_vec` function,// the Vector gets created in the function itself and passed back to the main *******!!!// function.
// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.// I AM NOT DONEfn main() {// let vec0 = Vec::new();let mut vec1 = fill_vec();println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);vec1.push(88);println!("{} has length {} content `{:?}`", "vec1", vec1.len(), vec1);
}// `fill_vec()` no longer takes `vec: Vec<i32>` as argument
fn fill_vec() -> Vec<i32> {// let mut vec = vec;let mut vec=Vec::new();vec.push(22);vec.push(44);vec.push(66);vec
}

29.不能同时存在多个可变引用

// move_semantics5.rs
// Make me compile only by reordering the lines in `main()`, but without
// adding, changing or removing any of them.
// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.// 在任何给定时间，要么只能有一个可变引用，要么可以有多个不可变引用。// 不可变引用和可变引用之间是互斥的，不能同时存在。
fn main() {let mut x = 100;let y = &mut x;*y += 100;let z = &mut x;*z += 1000;assert_eq!(x, 1200);
}

30.传递引用,避免对非mut申明变量的引用,通过覆盖变量达到避免对原参数的修改

// move_semantics6.rs
// Execute `rustlings hint move_semantics6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
// You can't change anything except adding or removing references.// I AM NOT DONEfn main() {let data = "Rust is great!".to_string();get_char(&data);string_uppercase(&data);
}// Should not take ownership
// fn get_char(data: String) -> char 这样会获取所有权
fn get_char(data: &String) -> char {data.chars().last().unwrap()
}// Should take ownership
fn string_uppercase(mut data: &String) {let data = &data.to_uppercase();println!("{}", data);
}