Linux中使用Docker部署Mysql数据库

前言

和朋友一起搞一个项目，分了一下工作，但是mysql迟迟安装不上，程序都在一个环境里确实容易出现很多问题，浪费时间和经历在这些配置上，好在有docker了，就在docker里搭建一个Mysql数据库使用吧，顺便出一篇教程记录和分享。

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1 检查docker是否运行

systemctl status docker

k17gc10Z ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-02-23 10:48:05 CST; 23h agoDocs: https://docs.docker.comMain PID: 735685 (dockerd)Tasks: 19Memory: 119.3MCGroup: /system.slice/docker.service├─735685 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock├─752356 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8081 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 8080└─752360 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip :: -host-port 8081 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 8080
.......................

若没有运行则启动docker:

systemctl start docker

2 检索mysql镜像

docker search mysql

k17gc10Z ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   13847     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   5281      [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   599       [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   744       [OK]       
circleci/mysql                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   28                   
bitnami/mysql                   Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      80                   [OK]
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                         4                    
ubuntu/mysql                    MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   41                   
cimg/mysql                                                                      0                    
rapidfort/mysql                 RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL   14                   
google/mysql                    MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          23                   [OK]
ibmcom/mysql-s390x              Docker image for mysql-s390x                    2                    
rapidfort/mysql8-ib             RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ…   0                    
hashicorp/mysql-portworx-demo                                                   0                    
newrelic/mysql-plugin           New Relic Plugin for monitoring MySQL databa…   1                    [OK]
rapidfort/mysql-official        RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ…   0                    
databack/mysql-backup           Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         81                   
linuxserver/mysql               A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   38                   
mirantis/mysql                                                                  0                    
docksal/mysql                   MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d…   0                    
vitess/mysqlctld                vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]
linuxserver/mysql-workbench                                                     48                   
eclipse/mysql                   Mysql 5.7, curl, rsync                          0                    [OK]
drud/mysql                                                                      0                    
silintl/mysql-backup-restore    Simple docker image to perform mysql backups…   0                    [OK]

NAME:镜像名
DESCRIPTION：说明
STARS:热度
OFFICIAL：是否官方
AUTOMATED：是否自动

3 下载mysql镜像

docker pull mysql:5.7

1k17gc10Z ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
e048d0a38742: Pull complete 
c7847c8a41cb: Pull complete 
351a550f260d: Pull complete 
8ce196d9d34f: Pull complete 
17febb6f2030: Pull complete 
d4e426841fb4: Pull complete 
fda41038b9f8: Pull complete 
f47aac56b41b: Pull complete 
a4a90c369737: Pull complete 
97091252395b: Pull complete 
84fac29d61e9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8cf035b14977b26f4a47d98e85949a7dd35e641f88fc24aa4b466b36beecf9d6
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

下载好后，可以检查是否已经下载成功：

docker images

17gc10Z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY        TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
jenkins/jenkins   lts       f16216f97fcb   2 weeks ago     467MB
mysql             5.7       be16cf2d832a   3 weeks ago     455MB
hello-world       latest    feb5d9fea6a5   17 months ago   13.3kB

REPOSITORY:镜像名
TAG:标签，latest表示为最新的
IMAGE ID:镜像id
CREATED:创建时间
SIZE:大小
上图中表示mysql镜像文件已经下载成功

4 使用docker启动mysql数据库容器

docker run --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 -d mysql:5.7

k17gc10Z ~]# docker run --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p 3306:3306 -d mysql:5.7
68b7dc6f81b01f3c209a66b519633d1a6e8849bb99036fff951dddde83bd3472

-v :指明挂在卷
–restart:自动重启
–name:给容器命名
-e:设置账号密码
-p: 指明宿主机端口：docker内部端口
-d:指明用什么镜像的id启动
c5244d16078bb224ce77c3e6446ab6466a95d5fe801b2269d4c00b0eb0d65319：启动的mysql容器的id

5 查看是否启动mysql数据库成功

docker ps -l

7gc10Z ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
68b7dc6f81b0   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   39 seconds ago   Up 38 seconds   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql

CONTAINER ID:容器id
IMAGES：镜像id
CREATED:创建时间
STATUS:状态
NAME:容器名
到此可知，mysql容器创建成功

6 设置mysql数据库的远程链接

进入mysql容器：

docker exec -it mysql bash

7gc10Z ~]# docker exec -it mysql bash

登陆mysql数据库：

mysql -u root -p"root"

bash-4.2# mysql -u root -p"root"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

授权：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘root’@‘%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘root’ WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

重新授权表：

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

退出mysql：

exit

mysql> exit
Bye

退出容器

exit

bash-4.2# exit
exit

7 Navicat远程链接