CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)中安装配置Tomcat

一、安装JDK

部分内容可以参考我这篇文章：Windows11与CentOS7下配置与检测JDK与Maven环境变量 中的 2.2 安装jdk-8u371-linux-x64.tar.gz和配置环境变量/etc/profile

//1、安装redhat-lsb
yum install -y redhat-lsb//2、查看系统版本信息
lsb_release -a //3、查看系统位数
getconf LONG_BITcat /etc/redhat-release

参考我这篇文章：查看CentOS版本及系统位数与设置CentOS 7.9 2009 防火墙配置放开端口的命令与过程

//查看yum源中JDK版本
yum list java*//使用yum安装JDK1.8.0
yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk*//检查Java版本,查看是否安装成功
java -version//配置环境变量
//查看JDK安装的路径
find /usr/lib/jvm -name 'java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0*'//编辑配置文件/etc/profile
//按i进入编辑模式
vim /etc/profile//添加以下信息
//按下Esc键，输入:wq并回车以保存并关闭文件。
#2023-9-2 23:28:12  djc配置JDK环境变量
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH--------------------注意-----------------------
//在本文目录5.1 NO such file or directory 中需要在tomcat脚本文件(即Tomcat-init脚本文件)中，
//需要配置使用JAVA_HOME
//之前执行了移动并重命名Tomcat-init的命令：mv Tomcat-init /etc/init.d/tomcat
//详情见  本文目录5.1 NO such file or directory 中
#Location of JAVA_HOME (bin files)
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64//tomcat脚本文件(即Tomcat-init脚本文件)中的PATH的值，
//是该项目作者默认配置成这样了export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
//,与JDK环境变量中的PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin 就是顺序颠倒了，作用应该是一样的
#Add Java binary files to PATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
-------------------------------------------//最后刷新环境变量
source /etc/profile
修改环境变量后，可能会导致执行其他命令时，出现类似-bash: chmod: command not found这样的问题，
执行export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin即可。

查看yum源中JDK版本:yum list java*

使用yum安装JDK1.8.0:yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk*


检查Java版本,查看是否安装成功：java -version

[root@freedom ~]# java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_382"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_382-b05)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.382-b05, mixed mode)
[root@freedom ~]# 

查看JDK安装的路径:find /usr/lib/jvm -name 'java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0*'

[root@freedom ~]# find /usr/lib/jvm -name 'java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0*'
/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64
[root@freedom ~]# 

编辑配置文件/etc/profile：


添加以下JDK环境变量信息:

#2023-9-2 23:28:12  djc配置JDK环境变量
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

添加完JDK环境变量信息的/etc/profile：

[root@freedom ~]# cat /etc/profile
# /etc/profile# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.pathmunge () {case ":${PATH}:" in*:"$1":*);;*)if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; thenPATH=$PATH:$1elsePATH=$1:$PATHfiesac
}if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; thenif [ -z "$EUID" ]; then# ksh workaroundEUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`fiUSER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"LOGNAME=$USERMAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; thenpathmunge /usr/sbinpathmunge /usr/local/sbin
elsepathmunge /usr/local/sbin afterpathmunge /usr/sbin after
fiHOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; thenexport HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
elseexport HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fiexport PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; thenumask 002
elseumask 022
fifor i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; doif [ -r "$i" ]; thenif [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then . "$i"else. "$i" >/dev/nullfifi
doneunset i
unset -f pathmunge#2023-9-2 23:28:12  djc配置JDK环境变量
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

刷新环境变量：source /etc/profile

修改环境变量后，可能会导致执行其他命令时，出现类似-bash: chmod: command not found这样的问题，执行export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin即可。

二、下载Tomcat

2.1 下载Tomcat

Tomcat官网
点击左侧的Download中的Tomcat 8:

选中右击后点击-复制链接地址

然后再服务器中使用wget命令，下载Tomcat包：

//链接修改成需要的版本
wget --no-check-certificate https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.96/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz

或者直接在浏览器中点击下载链接，下载完成后再将apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz，利用xftp等工具上传到服务器中。

2.2 解压并移动

//解压 apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.93.tar.gz//移动并改名到Tomcat目录
mv apache-tomcat-8.5.93 /usr/local/tomcat/

移动并改名到Tomcat目录：
在/usr/local/tomcat/目录下：
bin：存放Tomcat的一些脚本文件，包含启动和关闭Tomcat服务脚本。
conf：存放Tomcat服务器的各种全局配置文件，其中最重要的是server.xml和web.xml。
webapps：Tomcat的主要Web发布目录，默认情况下把Web应用文件放于此目录。
logs：存放Tomcat执行时的日志文件。

2.3 创建一般用户

为保证系统安全性，建议创建一般用户来运行Tomcat。

//创建一般用户djc
useradd djc//运行命令，将文件的所属用户设置为djc
chown -R djc.djc /usr/local/tomcat/

三、配置server.xml文件

//运行命令，切换到/usr/local/tomcat/conf/目录。
cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf///运行以下命令，重命名server.xml文件
//server.xml_bk相当于把server.xml初始文件的备份
mv server.xml server.xml_bk//新建一个server.xml文件
//会创建并打开一个server.xml文件
//i键编辑，ESC键退出，:wq保存并退出
vi server.xml

server.xml的内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"/>
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"description="User database that can be updated and saved"factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml"/>
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8080"protocol="HTTP/1.1"connectionTimeout="20000"redirectPort="8443"maxThreads="1000"minSpareThreads="20"acceptCount="1000"maxHttpHeaderSize="65536"debug="0"disableUploadTimeout="true"useBodyEncodingForURI="true"enableLookups="false"URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="/data/wwwroot/default" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context path="" docBase="/data/wwwroot/default" debug="0" reloadable="false" crossContext="true"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>

i键编辑，ESC键退出，:wq保存并退出


cat server.xml：
/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

#四、设置JVM内存参数

//运行命令，创建并打开/usr/local/tomcat/bin/setenv.sh文件。
//i键编辑，ESC键退出，:wq保存并退出
vi /usr/local/tomcat/bin/setenv.sh//setenv.sh的内容
//指定JAVA_OPTS参数，用于设置JVM的内存信息以及编码格式。
JAVA_OPTS='-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom -server -Xms256m -Xmx496m -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8'

cat setenv.sh:

四、设置Tomcat自启动脚本-Tomcat-init脚本

Tomcat-init

//获取Tomcat自启动脚本 Tomcat-init
//或者使用git clone（从Windows里clone完成后再上传到linux服务器）
//也可以在服务器中直接wget
wet https://github.com/oneinstack/oneinstack/blob/main/init.d/Tomcat-init//移动并重命名Tomcat-init
mv Tomcat-init /etc/init.d/tomcat//为/etc/init.d/tomcat添加可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat//设置启动脚本JAVA_HOME
//重要:脚本中JDK的版本信息必须与您安装的JDK版本信息一致，否则Tomcat会启动失败。
sed -i 's@^export JAVA_HOME=.*@export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.342.b07-1.el7_9.x86_64@' /etc/init.d/tomcat

Tomcat-init脚本的内容：

#!/bin/bash
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          tomcat
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: tomcat-server daemon
# Description:       tomcat-server daemon
### END INIT INFO
#
# chkconfig: - 95 15
# description: Tomcat start/stop/status script#Location of JAVA_HOME (bin files)
export JAVA_HOME=#Add Java binary files to PATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH#CATALINA_HOME is the location of the configuration files of this instance of Tomcat
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat#TOMCAT_USER is the default user of tomcat
TOMCAT_USER=www#TOMCAT_USAGE is the message if this script is called without any options
TOMCAT_USAGE="Usage: $0 {\e[00;32mstart\e[00m|\e[00;31mstop\e[00m|\e[00;32mstatus\e[00m|\e[00;31mrestart\e[00m}"#SHUTDOWN_WAIT is wait time in seconds for java proccess to stop
SHUTDOWN_WAIT=20tomcat_pid() {echo `ps -ef | grep java | grep $CATALINA_HOME/ | grep -v grep | tr -s " "|cut -d" " -f2`
}start() {pid=$(tomcat_pid)if [ -n "$pid" ]; thenecho -e "\e[00;31mTomcat is already running (pid: $pid)\e[00m"elseecho -e "\e[00;32mStarting tomcat\e[00m"if [ `user_exists $TOMCAT_USER` = "1" ]; thensu $TOMCAT_USER -c $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.shelse$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.shfistatusfireturn 0
}status() {pid=$(tomcat_pid)if [ -n "$pid" ]; thenecho -e "\e[00;32mTomcat is running with pid: $pid\e[00m"elseecho -e "\e[00;31mTomcat is not running\e[00m"fi
}stop() {pid=$(tomcat_pid)if [ -n "$pid" ]; thenecho -e "\e[00;31mStoping Tomcat\e[00m"$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.shlet kwait=$SHUTDOWN_WAITcount=0;until [ `ps -p $pid | grep -c $pid` = '0' ] || [ $count -gt $kwait ]doecho -n -e "\e[00;31mwaiting for processes to exit\e[00m\n";sleep 1let count=$count+1;doneif [ $count -gt $kwait ]; thenecho -n -e "\n\e[00;31mkilling processes which didn't stop after $SHUTDOWN_WAIT seconds\e[00m"kill -9 $pidfielseecho -e "\e[00;31mTomcat is not running\e[00m"fireturn 0
}user_exists() {if id -u $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; thenislogin=`cat /etc/passwd | grep ^${TOMCAT_USER}: | grep nologin$`if [ "${islogin: -7}" = "nologin" ]; thenecho "0"elseecho "1"	fielseecho "0"fi
}case $1 instart)start;;stop)stop;;restart)stopstart;;status)status;;*)echo -e $TOMCAT_USAGE;;
esac
exit 0

上传自启动脚本Tomcat-init：

注意这里的etc的init.d文件夹是个快捷方式链接：


也就是说init.d实际指向rc.d下的init.d文件夹 里面有刚刚使用mv命令移动并重命名的Tomcat-init脚本文件，即tomcat脚本文件：

设置启动脚本JAVA_HOME：
为/etc/init.d/tomcat添加可执行权限 (chmod +x /etc/init.d/tomcat),字体变色变粗(可以用来识别命令是否生效)

五、启动Tomcat

//设置Tomcat开机自启动
chkconfig --add tomcat
chkconfig tomcat on//启动Tomcat
service tomcat start

5.1 NO such file or directory

启动Tomcat:
报错：tomcat-NO such file or directory:
这是因为Tomcat-init脚本文件，也就是/etc/init.d/tomcat脚本文件 (之前执行了移动并重命名Tomcat-init脚本文件的命令：mv Tomcat-init /etc/init.d/tomcat)这个文件中需要配置参数JAVA_HOME与TOMCAT_USER=www 修改为TOMCAT_USER=djc (TOMCAT_USER is the default user of tomcat)，

所以此处的tomcat实际上是一个脚本文件的名称，即Tomcat-init脚本文件。


cat tomcat脚本文件(即Tomcat-init脚本文件)

#Location of JAVA_HOME (bin files)
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64的值：

#CATALINA_HOME is the location of the configuration files of this instance of Tomcat
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat 的值：

修改后的tomcat脚本(即原来的Tomcat-init脚本，mv Tomcat-init /etc/init.d/tomcat）：

#H<H<H<H<H<H<H<i!/bin/bash
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          tomcat
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: tomcat-server daemon
# Description:       tomcat-server daemon
### END INIT INFO
#
# chkconfig: - 95 15
# description: Tomcat start/stop/status script#Location of JAVA_HOME (bin files)
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64#Add Java binary files to PATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH#CATALINA_HOME is the location of the configuration files of this instance of Tomcat
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat#TOMCAT_USER is the default user of tomcat
TOMCAT_USER=djc#TOMCAT_USAGE is the message if this script is called without any options
TOMCAT_USAGE="Usage: $0 {\e[00;32mstart\e[00m|\e[00;31mstop\e[00m|\e[00;32mstatus\e[00m|\e[00;31mrestart\e[00m}"#SHUTDOWN_WAIT is wait time in seconds for java proccess to stop
SHUTDOWN_WAIT=20tomcat_pid() {echo `ps -ef | grep java | grep $CATALINA_HOME/ | grep -v grep | tr -s " "|cut -d" " -f2`
}start() {pid=$(tomcat_pid)if [ -n "$pid" ]; thenecho -e "\e[00;31mTomcat is already running (pid: $pid)\e[00m"elseecho -e "\e[00;32mStarting tomcat\e[00m"if [ `user_exists $TOMCAT_USER` = "1" ]; thensu $TOMCAT_USER -c $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.shelse$CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.shfistatusfireturn 0
}status() {pid=$(tomcat_pid)if [ -n "$pid" ]; thenecho -e "\e[00;32mTomcat is running with pid: $pid\e[00m"elseecho -e "\e[00;31mTomcat is not running\e[00m"fi
}stop() {pid=$(tomcat_pid)if [ -n "$pid" ]; thenecho -e "\e[00;31mStoping Tomcat\e[00m"$CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.shlet kwait=$SHUTDOWN_WAITcount=0;until [ `ps -p $pid | grep -c $pid` = '0' ] || [ $count -gt $kwait ]doecho -n -e "\e[00;31mwaiting for processes to exit\e[00m\n";sleep 1let count=$count+1;doneif [ $count -gt $kwait ]; thenecho -n -e "\n\e[00;31mkilling processes which didn't stop after $SHUTDOWN_WAIT seconds\e[00m"kill -9 $pidfielseecho -e "\e[00;31mTomcat is not running\e[00m"fireturn 0
}user_exists() {if id -u $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; thenislogin=`cat /etc/passwd | grep ^${TOMCAT_USER}: | grep nologin$`if [ "${islogin: -7}" = "nologin" ]; thenecho "0"elseecho "1"	fielseecho "0"fi
}case $1 instart)start;;stop)stop;;restart)stopstart;;status)status;;*)echo -e $TOMCAT_USAGE;;
esac
exit 0

5.2 service tomcat start-command not found

原因：shell脚本是在Windows下编写，通过工具软件传输到CentOS中。而Windows下行结尾符号为\r\n ，linux下行结尾时\n，两者不同，所以无法识别，需要转换一下。
参考我这篇文章：CentOS: $‘\r‘: command not found

Tomcat-init脚本文件，也就是/etc/init.d/tomcat脚本文件 (之前执行了移动并重命名Tomcat-init脚本文件的命令：mv Tomcat-init /etc/init.d/tomcat)

所以此处的tomcat实际上是一个脚本文件的名称，即Tomcat-init脚本文件，内容见5.1 NO such file or directory 中的【修改后的tomcat脚本(即原来的Tomcat-init脚本，mv Tomcat-init /etc/init.d/tomcat）：】

//执行sh  deploy.sh base，报错$'\r': command not found
//sh  deploy.sh base
//这里修改为service tomcat start
service tomcat start//1、dos2unix 脚本名，此处是dos2unix deploy.sh
//如果执行dos2unix deploy.sh报-bash:dos2unix:command not found，就使用yum install -y dos2unix 安装dos2unix
//如果执行成功，会报一个dos2unix: converting file deploy.sh to Unix format ...
//dos2unix deploy.sh  
//这里改为dos2unix tomcat 
dos2unix tomcat //2、安装dos2unix
yum install -y dos2unix//3、再次执行dos2unix deploy.sh命令
//如果dos2unix deploy.sh执行成功，会报一个dos2unix: converting file deploy.sh to Unix format ...
//如果dos2unix deploy.sh执行成功后，再次执行sh  deploy.sh base还不行，依旧报 $'\r': command not found，就执行下面的sed命令
//这里改为再次执行dos2unix tomcat 
dos2unix tomcat //4、sed -i 's/\r//' 脚本名
//sed -i 's/\r//' deploy.sh
//这里改为sed -i 's/\r//' tomcat
sed -i 's/\r//' tomcat//5、再次执行sh  deploy.sh base
//sh  deploy.sh base
//这里改为 service tomcat start
service tomcat start

启动成功：

[root@freedom init.d]# service tomcat start
Starting tomcat
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.382.b05-1.el7_9.x86_64
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:   
Tomcat started.
Tomcat is running with pid: 852

六、参考

【ECS生长万物之开源】手动部署Java Web环境（CentOS 7）
Tomcat官网
Windows11与CentOS7下配置与检测JDK与Maven环境变量
CentOS: $‘\r‘: command not found