centos 7.7 安装Python-3.7.4

一、安装PYTHON 编译依赖包

1.1 首先安装gcc编译器，gcc有些系统版本已经默认安装，通过 gcc --version 查看，没安装的先安装gcc，

yum -y install gcc glibc make

1.2 安装其它依赖包，（注：不要缺少，否则有可能安装python出错，python3.7.0以下的版本可不装 libffi-devel ）

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

1.3 下载python源码包，此处我选择安装 python:3.7.4

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/Python-3.7.4.tgz

1.4 解压源码包

tar zxvf Python-3.7.4.tgz 

1.5 编译python

# 新建一个目录用来存放并安装python3 程序
mkdir /opt/app/python3.7.4# 切换到解压包之后的Python3.7.4目录
cd Python-3.7.4# ./configure 用来生成编译参数，--prefix 用来指定安装目录，此处填写刚刚创建的绝对路径/opt/app/python3.7.4
./configure --prefix=/opt/app/python3.7.4# make 为生成二进制安装文件，make install 用来进行执行安装。  
make && make install

当看到如下文时，证明安装成功。

Looking in links: /tmp/tmpf2__yj7o
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0

1.6 创建软连接

注：软连接用来生成打开的快捷方式，同时用来区分python2 和 python3。

ln -s /opt/app/python3.7.4/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3.7
ln -s /opt/app/python3.7.4/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3.7

1.7 测试是否可用

[root@iZj6cdf4xm0h3m0do5ojkjZ ~]# python3.7 -V
Python 3.7.4
[root@iZj6cdf4xm0h3m0do5ojkjZ ~]# python3.7 
Python 3.7.4 (default, Jan 20 2020, 20:02:14) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print("Hello World")
Hello World
>>> exit()

二、 安装模块

pip3.7 install requests

更新

 pip3.7 install --upgrade pip

pip3.7 install pymysql

pip3.7 install pillow

安装图形识别模块

 pip3.7 install tesserocr

注：此时会有报错

    gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC -I/opt/app/python3.7.4/include/python3.7m -c tesserocr.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/tesserocr.ogcc: error trying to exec 'cc1plus': execvp: No such file or directoryerror: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /opt/app/python3.7.4/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-4e_e9xf2/tesserocr/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-4e_e9xf2/tesserocr/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-k1lj6ss7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.

解决方法：

yum -y install tesseract-devel 
yum -y install gcc-c++

再次安装，无问题

 pip3.7 install tesserocr
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting tesserocrDownloading http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/pypi/packages/e3/77/fb26b321c3b9ce4a47af12b19e85ddbf4d0629adb6552d85276e824e6e51/tesserocr-2.5.0.tar.gz (54kB)|████████████████████████████████| 61kB 44.4MB/s 
Installing collected packages: tesserocrRunning setup.py install for tesserocr ... done
Successfully installed tesserocr-2.5.0

pip3.7 install tesseract-ocr