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Python 解析JSON实现主机管理

news 2026/2/6 22:44:05

JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，它以易于阅读和编写的文本形式表示数据。JSON 是一种独立于编程语言的数据格式，因此在不同的编程语言中都有对应的解析器和生成器。JSON 格式的设计目标是易于理解、支持复杂数据结构和具有良好的可扩展性。

JSON 数据是以键值对的形式存在的，而且易于阅读和编写。以下是一个简单的 JSON 示例：

{"name": "John Doe","age": 30,"city": "New York","isStudent": false,"grades": [95, 88, 75, 92],"address": {"street": "123 Main St","zipCode": "10001"}
}

在这个例子中，JSON 对象包含了一些属性，包括字符串、数字、布尔值、数组和嵌套的对象。

"name": "John Doe"：字符串键值对。
"age": 30：数字键值对。
"city": "New York"：字符串键值对。
"isStudent": false：布尔键值对。
"grades": [95, 88, 75, 92]：数组键值对。
"address": {...}：嵌套对象。

在实际应用中，JSON 数据通常用于前后端之间的数据交换，或者配置文件的存储。各种编程语言都提供了处理 JSON数据的库或模块。

很早之前大概是两年前，当时为了实现批量管理SSH账号密码并实现自动巡检功能，写过一个简单的命令行工具，通过使用JSON实现对特定主机账号密码与组的管理，如下代码，通过定义AdminDataBase()类，传如数据库文件名database.json实现对特定JSON文件的增删改查功能，在编写该案例后我对JSON的使用变得更加深刻了。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os,jsonclass AdminDataBase(object):def __init__(self, database_path):self.database_path = database_path# 判断数据库文件是否存在,不存则则创建一个.def InitDatabase(self):if os.path.exists(self.database_path) != None :init_database = \{"HostList": [["1000", "127.0.0.1", "username", "password", "22"]],"HostGroup": [{"DefaultGroup": ["1000"]}, ],}with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:fp.write(json.dumps(init_database))print("[+] {} 结构已被初始化.".format(self.database_path))# table 接收一个列表名,根据列表名输出列表中的数据def ShowHostList(self):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads(Read_Pointer.read())base = load_json.get("HostList")print("-" * 80)print("UUID \t 主机地址 \t\t\t 登录用户 \t\t 登录密码 \t 端口")print("-" * 80)for each in range(0, len(base)):print("{0:4} \t {1:15} \t {2:10} \t {3:10} \t {4:10}".format(base[each][0], base[each][1], base[each][2], base[each][3], base[each][4]))print()# 在原来的基础上添加一台新的主机,添加到HostList表中def AddHost(self, uuid, address, username, password, port):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:# 读取 database.json 中的数据到内存中load_json = json.loads(Read_Pointer.read())# 先读入内存,修改后全部替换进去host_list = load_json.get("HostList")# 获取到最后一次循环的元素列表for each in range(len(host_list) - 1, len(host_list)):# 判断如果UUID不重复则添加,否则跳过添加if (host_list[each][0] != uuid):host_list.append([uuid, address, username, password, port])load_json["HostList"] = host_list# 最后再次将改好的数据,回写到文件保存with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as Write_Pointer:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)Write_Pointer.write(dump_json)print("[+] UUID {} 添加成功.".format(uuid))else:print("[-] UUID {} 列表中存在,添加失败.".format(uuid))return 0# 根据传入UUID号修改特定主机数据def ModifyHost(self,uuid,modify_address,modify_username,modify_password,modify_port):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:# 读取 database.json 中的数据到内存中load_json = json.loads(Read_Pointer.read())host_list = load_json.get("HostList")# 根据uuid寻找一维数组的下标位置index = -1for index, value in enumerate(host_list):if value[0] == uuid:print("[*] 已找到UUID {} 所在下标为 {}".format(uuid,index))breakelse:index = -1# 判断是否找到了,找到了则修改if index != -1:# 修改指定下标数值,并将修改后的数据放入原始JSON文件中host_list[index] = [uuid,modify_address,modify_username,modify_password,modify_port]load_json["HostList"] = host_list# 最后再次将改好的数据,回写到文件保存with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as Write_Pointer:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)Write_Pointer.write(dump_json)print("[+] UUID {} 修改完成.".format(uuid))return 0else:print("[-] UUID {} 不存在.".format(uuid))return 0# 根据传入的UUID号删除主机数据,先删除所对的组中的数据,然后在删除主机数据def DeleteHost(self,uuid):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads(Read_Pointer.read())host_group = load_json.get("HostGroup")# 首先在HostGroup中寻找并弹出相应UUIDfor each in range(0,len(host_group)):try:# 循环每个字典for k,v in host_group[each].items():# 判断UUID是否存在于每个字典中if v.count(uuid) != 0:# 移除并放入原始JSON中v.remove(uuid)load_json["HostGroup"] = v# 最后再次将改好的数据,回写到文件保存with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as Write_Pointer:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)Write_Pointer.write(dump_json)#print("[+] UUID {} 修改完成.".format(uuid))else:#print("[-] 当前组 {} 不能存在: {}".format(k,uuid))breakexcept Exception:print("[-] 当前组不能存在: {}".format(uuid))return 0# ----------------------------------------------# 其次寻找HostList中的数据并弹出host_list = load_json.get("HostList")try:# 根据uuid寻找一维数组的下标位置index = -1for index, value in enumerate(host_list):if value[0] == uuid:#print("[*] 已找到UUID {} 所在下标为 {}".format(uuid,index))breakelse:index = -1# 如果找到了,则直接根据下标弹出数据if index != -1:host_list.pop(index)load_json["HostList"] = host_list# 最后再次将改好的数据,回写到文件保存with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as Write_Pointer:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)Write_Pointer.write(dump_json)print("[+] UUID {} 主机: {} 已被移除.".format(uuid,host_list[index][1]))return 0except Exception:return 0# 向数据库中的HostGroup字段中添加一个主机组def AddHostGroup(self,add_group_name):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads( Read_Pointer.read() )group_obj = load_json.get("HostGroup")# 循环所有字典中的组for each in range(0, len(group_obj)):list_name = str(list(group_obj[each].keys())[0])# print("组节点: {}".format(list_name))# 循环判断表中是否存在指定的组名称if (list_name == add_group_name):print("[-] {} 存在于组中,无法继续添加.".format(list_name))return 0# 读取原始JSON文件,并构建回写参数tmp = {}tmp[add_group_name] = ["1000"]group_obj.append(tmp)# 回写添加主机组with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as Write_Pointer:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)Write_Pointer.write(dump_json)print("[+] 主机组 {} 已添加".format(add_group_name))# 在主机组中删除一个主机组def DeleteHostGroup(self,delete_group_name):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads( Read_Pointer.read() )group_obj = load_json.get("HostGroup")# 循环所有字典中的组for each in range(0, len(group_obj)):list_name = str(list(group_obj[each].keys())[0])# 循环判断表中是否存在指定的组名称if (list_name == delete_group_name):# 如果存在于组中,那我们就把他的each弹出列表group_obj.pop(each)# 将弹出后的列表再次写回JSON序列中with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as Write_Pointer:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)Write_Pointer.write(dump_json)print("[-] 主机组 {} 已移除.".format(delete_group_name))return 0print("[-] 主机组 {} 不存在.".format(delete_group_name))return 0# 向指定主机组中添加一个主机UUIDdef AddHostGroupOnUUID(self,group_name, uuid):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads( Read_Pointer.read() )group_obj = load_json.get("HostGroup")# 循环所有字典中的所有组for each in range(0, len(group_obj)):list_name = str(list(group_obj[each].keys())[0])# 如果找到了需要添加的组if (list_name == group_name):tmp = group_obj[each]# 获取到原始列表中的数据val = list(tmp.values())[0]# 判断输入的UUID号,是否在val列表中,不在则添加if str(uuid) not in val:val.append(str(uuid))# 将原始数据赋值到新的表中group_obj[each][list_name] = valelse:print("[-] UUID {} 已存在于 {} 主机组,添加失败.".format(uuid,group_name))return 0with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as Write_Pointer:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)Write_Pointer.write(dump_json)print("[+] 向主机组 {} 增加UUID {} 完成".format(group_name, uuid))return 0# 从指定主机组中删除一个指定的UUID号def DeleteHostGroupOnUUID(self,group_name, uuid):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json =json.loads( Read_Pointer.read() )group_obj = load_json.get("HostGroup")# 循环所有字典中的组for each in range(0, len(group_obj)):list_name = str(list(group_obj[each].keys())[0])# 先来寻找到需要删除的主机组if (list_name == group_name):tmp = group_obj[each]# 寻找指定组中的指定列表val = list(tmp.values())[0]for x in range(0, len(val)):if (val[x] == uuid):print("[*] 搜索UUID: {} 索引值: {}".format(val[x], x))# 将要删除的UUID弹出列表val.pop(x)# 将弹出后的列表重新复制到主机组中group_obj[each][list_name] = val# 保存弹出后的列表到序列中with open(self.database_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as write_fp:dump_json = json.dumps(load_json)write_fp.write(dump_json)print("[+] 从主机组 {} 弹出UUID {} 完成".format(group_name, uuid))return 0return 0# 输出所有主机组和全部节点信息def ShowAllGroup(self):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads( Read_Pointer.read() )group_obj = load_json.get("HostGroup")# 循环解析所有组,并解析出UUID所对应的主机地址等信息for each in range(0, len(group_obj)):for k, v in group_obj[each].items():print("-" * 140)print("主机组: {}".format(k))print("-" * 140)for each in range(0, len(v)):# print("--> UUID: {}".format(v[each]))# 循环判断,拿着组内UUID判断是否存在,如果存在则打印出主机详细信息base_obj = load_json.get("HostList")for x in range(0, len(base_obj)):if (v[each] == base_obj[x][0]):print("UUID: {0:6} \t 主机地址: {1:15} \t 主机账号: {2:15} \t 主机密码: {3:15} \t 端口: {4:5} \t".format(base_obj[x][0], base_obj[x][1], base_obj[x][2], base_obj[x][3],base_obj[x][4]))print("\n")# 只显示所有的主机组,包括组中主机数def ShowGroup(self):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads( Read_Pointer.read() )group_obj = load_json.get("HostGroup")print("-" * 80)print("{0:20} \t {1:5} \t {2:100}".format("主机组名","主机数","主机列表"))print("-" * 80)for each in range(0,len(group_obj)):for k,v in group_obj[each].items():print("{0:20} \t {1:5} \t {2:100}".format(k,str(len(v)), str(v)))print()return 0# 对指定的主机组进行Ping测试def PingGroup(self,group_name):with open(self.database_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as Read_Pointer:load_json = json.loads( Read_Pointer.read() )group_obj = load_json.get("HostGroup")# 循环遍历主机列表for each in range(0, len(group_obj)):for k, v in group_obj[each].items():# 寻找主机组,找到后提取出所有的Valueif (k == group_name):item_list = v# 再循环,拿着v的值对base进行循环,提取出其中的用户名密码等for val in range(0, len(item_list)):# 得到循环列表：print(item_list[val])base_obj = load_json.get("HostList")# 循环base表中的计数器for base_count in range(0, len(base_obj)):# 判断base表中是否存在指定UUID,如果存在则输出其值if (base_obj[base_count][0] == item_list[val]):print("地址: {} \t 用户名: {} [ok]".format(base_obj[base_count][1],base_obj[base_count][2]))
if __name__ == "__main__":db = AdminDataBase("database.json")while True:try:cmd = str(input("[LyShell] # ")).split()if (cmd == ""):continueelif (cmd[0] == "exit"):exit(1)elif (cmd[0] == "clear"):os.system("cls")elif(cmd[0] == "Init"):db.InitDatabase()elif(cmd[0] == "ShowHostList"):db.ShowHostList()elif(cmd[0] == "ShowGroup"):db.ShowGroup()elif(cmd[0] == "ShowAllGroup"):db.ShowAllGroup()elif(cmd[0] == "AddHost" or cmd[0] == "ModifyHost"):if (len(cmd) - 1 >= 5):uuid = str(cmd[1]).split("=")[1]address = str(cmd[2]).split("=")[1]username = str(cmd[3]).split("=")[1]password = str(cmd[4]).split("=")[1]port = str(cmd[5]).split("=")[1]if cmd[0] == "AddHost":db.AddHost(uuid,address,username,password,port)elif cmd[0] == "ModifyHost":db.ModifyHost(uuid,address,username,password,port)elif(cmd[0] == "DeleteHost"):if(len(cmd)-1 >= 1):uuid = str(cmd[1]).split("=")[1]db.DeleteHost(uuid)elif(cmd[0] == "AddHostGroup"):group_name = str(cmd[1]).split("=")[1]db.AddHostGroup(group_name)elif(cmd[0] == "DeleteHostGroup"):group_name = str(cmd[1]).split("=")[1]db.DeleteHostGroup(group_name)elif(cmd[0] == "AddHostGroupOnUUID"):group_name = str(cmd[1]).split("=")[1]uuid = str(cmd[2]).split("=")[1]db.AddHostGroupOnUUID(group_name,uuid)elif(cmd[0] == "DelHostGroupOnUUID"):group_name = str(cmd[1]).split("=")[1]uuid = str(cmd[2]).split("=")[1]db.DeleteHostGroupOnUUID(group_name,uuid)elif(cmd[0] == "PingGroup"):group_name = str(cmd[1]).split("=")[1]db.PingGroup(group_name)elif (cmd[0] == "help"):print("By: LyShark")else:print("Not Command")except Exception:continue