安卓MediaRecorder(2)录制源码分析

本文首发地址 https://blog.csdn.net/CSqingchen/article/details/134634628
最新更新地址 https://gitee.com/chenjim/chenjimblog

前言

通过前文 安卓MediaRecorder(1)录制音频的详细使用，我们已经知道如何使用。
本文主要分析一下 Framework 中相关流程。
下图是谷歌提供的MediaRecorder状态关系图

JAVA new MediaRecorder() 源码分析

public class MediaRecorder implements AudioRouting,AudioRecordingMonitor,AudioRecordingMonitorClient,MicrophoneDirection {static {// 静态代码块，加载链接 liblibmedia_jni.soSystem.loadLibrary("media_jni");native_init();}// 已经废弃 public MediaRecorder() {// 传入 APP Contextthis(ActivityThread.currentApplication());}public MediaRecorder(@NonNull Context context) {// 要求 Context 不为空Objects.requireNonNull(context);// 创建EventHandler，主要用于JNI层回调时切换到当前App端线程中Looper looper;if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) {// 如果当前线程有Looper，就使用当前线程的LoopermEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);} else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) {// 使用主线程的 Looper，Jni回调信息会在主线程执行   mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);} else {mEventHandler = null;}// 录制音频的声道数，此处默认 1 (mono即单声道)，2 (stereo即双声道立体声)，可以通过 setAudioChannels 修改mChannelCount = 1;// 创建弱引用，并初始化try (ScopedParcelState attributionSourceState = context.getAttributionSource().asScopedParcelState()) {native_setup(new WeakReference<>(this), ActivityThread.currentPackageName(),attributionSourceState.getParcel());}}

android_media_MediaRecorder.cpp native_init()

获取JAVA层 android.media.MediaRecorder 对象
并将 JAVA 对象的属性 mNativeContext、mSurface、postEventFromNative 保存在 fields
详细代码如下

static void
android_media_MediaRecorder_native_init(JNIEnv *env)
{jclass clazz;clazz = env->FindClass("android/media/MediaRecorder");if (clazz == NULL) {return;}fields.context = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mNativeContext", "J");if (fields.context == NULL) {return;}fields.surface = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mSurface", "Landroid/view/Surface;");if (fields.surface == NULL) {return;}jclass surface = env->FindClass("android/view/Surface");if (surface == NULL) {return;}fields.post_event = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "postEventFromNative","(Ljava/lang/Object;IIILjava/lang/Object;)V");if (fields.post_event == NULL) {return;}clazz = env->FindClass("java/util/ArrayList");if (clazz == NULL) {return;}gArrayListFields.add = env->GetMethodID(clazz, "add", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z");gArrayListFields.classId = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(clazz));
}

MediaRecorder.java postEventFromNative

这个是Jni消息回来的接口，最终会发到 MediaRecorder.EventHandler 的 handleMessage 中
进而可以通过 MediaRecorder.OnInfoListener 、MediaRecorder.OnErrorListener、
AudioRouting.OnRoutingChangedListener 回调到 APP
对应源码如下

private static void postEventFromNative(Object mediarecorder_ref,int what, int arg1, int arg2, Object obj) {MediaRecorder mr = (MediaRecorder)((WeakReference)mediarecorder_ref).get();if (mr == null) {return;}if (mr.mEventHandler != null) {Message m = mr.mEventHandler.obtainMessage(what, arg1, arg2, obj);mr.mEventHandler.sendMessage(m);}
}// EventHandler 如下  
public class MediaRecorder {...private class EventHandler extends Handler {@Overridepublic void handleMessage(Message msg) {switch(msg.what) {case MEDIA_RECORDER_EVENT_ERROR:case MEDIA_RECORDER_TRACK_EVENT_ERROR:if (mOnErrorListener != null)mOnErrorListener.onError(mMediaRecorder, msg.arg1, msg.arg2);return;case MEDIA_RECORDER_EVENT_INFO:case MEDIA_RECORDER_TRACK_EVENT_INFO:if (mOnInfoListener != null)mOnInfoListener.onInfo(mMediaRecorder, msg.arg1, msg.arg2);return;case MEDIA_RECORDER_AUDIO_ROUTING_CHANGED:// 耳机使能的消息  return;}}}

android_media_MediaRecorder.cpp native_setup()

static void
android_media_MediaRecorder_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_this,jstring packageName, jobject jAttributionSource)
{// 构建 JNI 对象 MediaRecorder，attributionSource 可以认为是 JNI 中的上下文 Context sp<MediaRecorder> mr = new MediaRecorder(attributionSource);...// 创建 JNI JNIMediaRecorderListener , 其收到的消息最终通过 fields.post_event 回到JAVAsp<JNIMediaRecorderListener> listener = new JNIMediaRecorderListener(env, thiz, weak_this);mr->setListener(listener);...// 传递客户端包名，以进行权限跟踪  mr->setClientName(clientName);// 将创建的 mr 保存到 fields.context，也就是 Java 层 MediaRecorder 中的 mNativeContext  setMediaRecorder(env, thiz, mr);
}

MediaRecorder JNI 构造

// frameworks/av/media/libmedia/mediarecorder.cpp
MediaRecorder::MediaRecorder(const AttributionSourceState &attributionSource): mSurfaceMediaSource(NULL)
{// 通过 binder 获取 MediaPlayerService const sp<IMediaPlayerService> service(getMediaPlayerService());if (service != NULL) {// 通过 MediaPlayerService 创建 MediaRecorderClient  mMediaRecorder = service->createMediaRecorder(attributionSource);}...
}

MediaRecorder 类关系如下

class MediaRecorder : public BnMediaRecorderClient, public virtual IMediaDeathNotifier {...}
class BnMediaRecorderClient: public BnInterface<IMediaRecorderClient> {...}

MediaPlayerService 类关系如下

class MediaPlayerService : public BnMediaPlayerService {...}
class BnMediaPlayerService: public BnInterface<IMediaPlayerService> {...}

MediaPlayerService 中 createMediaRecorder 如下

// frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaPlayerService.cpp
sp<IMediaRecorder> MediaPlayerService::createMediaRecorder(const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource)
{...sp<MediaRecorderClient> recorder = new MediaRecorderClient(this, verifiedAttributionSource);...return recorder;
}

MediaRecorderClient 构造如下

// frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaRecorderClient.cpp
MediaRecorderClient::MediaRecorderClient(const sp<MediaPlayerService>& service,const AttributionSourceState& attributionSource)
{// 构造StagefrightRecorder，mRecorder = new StagefrightRecorder(attributionSource);mMediaPlayerService = service;
}StagefrightRecorder 类继承关系如下 
struct StagefrightRecorder : public MediaRecorderBase {...}

到此 JAVA 层 new MediaRecord() 相关源码已经分析完成

MediaRecorder 参数设置

Java层 setAudioSource 、 setOutputFormat 等均调用了 Native 接口，下面以 setAudioSource 为例

// frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/MediaRecorder.java
public native void setAudioSource(@Source int audioSource) throws IllegalStateException;

// frameworks/base/media/jni/android_media_MediaRecorder.cpp  
static void android_media_MediaRecorder_setAudioSource(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jint as)
{...// 读取初始化时保存的mrsp<MediaRecorder> mr = getMediaRecorder(env, thiz);if (mr == NULL) {jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", NULL);return;}process_media_recorder_call(env, mr->setAudioSource(as), "java/lang/RuntimeException", "setAudioSource failed.");
}// frameworks/av/media/libmedia/mediarecorder.cpp  
status_t MediaRecorder::setVideoSource(int vs)
{...// 上面知道，这里的 mMediaRecorder 是 MediaRecorderClient status_t ret = mMediaRecorder->setVideoSource(vs);return ret;
}// frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/MediaRecorderClient.cpp
status_t MediaRecorderClient::setVideoSource(int vs)
{...// 上面知道，这里的 mRecorder 是 StagefrightRecorder return mRecorder->setVideoSource((video_source)vs);
}// frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightRecorder.cpp
status_t StagefrightRecorder::setVideoSource(video_source vs) {...// 最终数据保存在 mVideoSource 中 if (vs == VIDEO_SOURCE_DEFAULT) {mVideoSource = VIDEO_SOURCE_CAMERA;} else {mVideoSource = vs;}return OK;
}

同理，其它参数设置多数最终都是保存在 StagefrightRecorder 中，录制相关的流程很多也是在其中控制

本文首发地址 https://blog.csdn.net/CSqingchen/article/details/134634628

MediaRecorder.prepare 分析

依据前面的分析，最终 prepare 真正实现如下

// frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightRecorder.cpp
status_t StagefrightRecorder::prepareInternal() {...status_t status = OK;// 依据不同的输出格式，执行不同的 setup switch (mOutputFormat) {case OUTPUT_FORMAT_DEFAULT:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_THREE_GPP:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_WEBM:status = setupMPEG4orWEBMRecording();break;case OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_NB:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_AMR_WB:status = setupAMRRecording();break;case OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADIF:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_AAC_ADTS:status = setupAACRecording();break;case OUTPUT_FORMAT_RTP_AVP:status = setupRTPRecording();break;case OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG2TS:status = setupMPEG2TSRecording();break;case OUTPUT_FORMAT_OGG:status = setupOggRecording();break;default:ALOGE("Unsupported output file format: %d", mOutputFormat);status = UNKNOWN_ERROR;break;}return status;
}

这里我们分析一下录制 MP4 的 prepare 流程 setupMPEG4orWEBMRecording

status_t StagefrightRecorder::setupMPEG4orWEBMRecording() {// 先清理 MediaWriter mWriter.clear();mTotalBitRate = 0;status_t err = OK;sp<MediaWriter> writer;sp<MPEG4Writer> mp4writer;if (mOutputFormat == OUTPUT_FORMAT_WEBM) {writer = new WebmWriter(mOutputFd);} else {// 我们这里分析 MP4 录制，MPEG4Writer 主要是用来写入编码后的音视频内容   writer = mp4writer = new MPEG4Writer(mOutputFd);}if (mVideoSource < VIDEO_SOURCE_LIST_END) {// 如果编码器未配置，设置默认的编码器  setDefaultVideoEncoderIfNecessary();sp<MediaSource> mediaSource;// 设置 视频源err = setupMediaSource(&mediaSource);if (err != OK) {return err;}sp<MediaCodecSource> encoder;// 编码参数配置，然后通过 MediaCodecSource::Create 创建编码器err = setupVideoEncoder(mediaSource, &encoder);if (err != OK) {return err;}// MPEG4Writer 添加编码通道，一般会有audio、video 两个，这里是 videowriter->addSource(encoder);mVideoEncoderSource = encoder;// 输出文件的码率，是视频和音频总码率之和mTotalBitRate += mVideoBitRate;}// Audio source is added at the end if it exists.// This help make sure that the "recoding" sound is suppressed for// camcorder applications in the recorded files.// disable audio for time lapse recordingconst bool disableAudio = mCaptureFpsEnable && mCaptureFps < mFrameRate;if (!disableAudio && mAudioSource != AUDIO_SOURCE_CNT) {// 通过  createAudioSource() 配置音频编码参数，进而通过 MediaCodecSource::Create 创建 编码器err = setupAudioEncoder(writer);if (err != OK) return err;mTotalBitRate += mAudioBitRate;}...// 监听 MPEG4Writer 一些参数的回调 writer->setListener(mListener);mWriter = writer;return OK;
}

通过如上，可以看到 MediaRecorder.prepare 主要是进行参数的配置、编码器的初始化

MediaRecorder.start 分析

依据前面的分析，最终 start 真正实现如下

//  frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightRecorder.cpp
status_t StagefrightRecorder::start() {Mutex::Autolock autolock(mLock);if (mOutputFd < 0) {ALOGE("Output file descriptor is invalid");return INVALID_OPERATION;}status_t status = OK;if (mVideoSource != VIDEO_SOURCE_SURFACE) {status = prepareInternal();if (status != OK) {return status;}}switch (mOutputFormat) {case OUTPUT_FORMAT_DEFAULT:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_THREE_GPP:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_MPEG_4:case OUTPUT_FORMAT_WEBM:{sp<MetaData> meta = new MetaData;// 设置 meta 信息setupMPEG4orWEBMMetaData(&meta);// MPEG4Writer 传入 meta 信息，// startWriterThread 开启写入线程 // setupAndStartLooper 启动 ALooper, mReflector 用于信息传递 // 通过 writeFtypBox(MetaData *param) 写入// startTracks(MetaData *params) 启动音、视频Track，参见 MPEG4Writer::Track::startstatus = mWriter->start(meta.get());break;}...}if (status != OK) {// start 异常 mWriter.clear();mWriter = NULL;}if ((status == OK) && (!mStarted)) {mAnalyticsDirty = true;mStarted = true;...// 用于编码耗电统计 addBatteryData(params);}return status;
}

MediaRecorder.stop 分析

依据前面的分析，最终 stop 真正实现如下

//  frameworks/av/media/libmediaplayerservice/StagefrightRecorder.cpp
status_t StagefrightRecorder::stop() {Mutex::Autolock autolock(mLock);status_t err = OK;if (mCaptureFpsEnable && mCameraSourceTimeLapse != NULL) {// 延时录制，详细可参见 CameraSourceTimeLapse.cppmCameraSourceTimeLapse->startQuickReadReturns();mCameraSourceTimeLapse = NULL;}int64_t stopTimeUs = systemTime() / 1000;for (const auto &source : { mAudioEncoderSource, mVideoEncoderSource }) {// 设置停止时间戳if (source != nullptr && OK != source->setStopTimeUs(stopTimeUs)) {}}if (mWriter != NULL) {// MPEG4Writer 的停止 ，实际调用其  reset(true, true)// stopWriterThread() 停止写的线程// Track 停止// release 关闭文件，停止释放Looper,资源状态重置err = mWriter->stop();mLastSeqNo = mWriter->getSequenceNum();mWriter.clear();}// 写入参数相关信息flushAndResetMetrics(true);// 重置参数状态mDurationRecordedUs = 0;mDurationPausedUs = 0;mNPauses = 0;mTotalPausedDurationUs = 0;mPauseStartTimeUs = 0;mStartedRecordingUs = 0;mGraphicBufferProducer.clear();mPersistentSurface.clear();mAudioEncoderSource.clear();mVideoEncoderSource.clear();......return err;
}

结语

到这里，已经完成了 MediaRecorder 录制 Framework 源码的分析。
其它部分流程，可以对照参见 StagefrightRecorder.cpp 中源码。希望对你有所帮助。
如果你在使用MediaRecorder的过程中遇到了其他问题，欢迎留言讨论。
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