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java实现局域网内视频投屏播放（二）爬虫

news 2025/7/7 21:00:05

代码链接

视频播放原理

大多视频网站使用的是m3u8，m3u8其实不是一个真正的视频文件，而是一个视频播放列表（playlist）。它是一种文本文件，里面记录了一系列的视频片段（segment）的网络地址。这些视频片段通常是ts格式的，也就是传输流（transport stream）格式。ts格式的视频片段可以很快地在网络上传输和播放，而不需要等待整个文件下载完毕。这样就可以实现流媒体（streaming media）的效果，也就是边下边播。

m3u8是苹果公司提出的一种流媒体协议，叫做HTTP Live Streaming（HLS）。HLS的目的是为了解决在不同网络环境下，如何提供更好的视频观看体验的问题。
HLS的原理是把一个完整的视频切分成很多小的视频片段，并且为每个片段提供不同的码率（bitrate）和分辨率（resolution）的选项。这样，当用户观看视频时，可以根据自己的网络状况和设备性能，自动或者手动地选择合适的视频片段进行播放。这样就可以避免卡顿、缓冲、画质模糊等问题，提高用户满意度。

爬虫实现原理

所以对于爬虫来说，需要获取m3u8文件，再根据m3u8里面记录的ts链接列表去下载ts文件（视频片段）。将这些ts保存到本地磁盘中。

视频解析器接口

public interface VideoResolver {/*** 是否支持解析** @param url 地址* @return boolean*/boolean support(String url);/*** 获取m3u8文件** @param url 地址* @return Result*/M3U8BO getM3U8(String url);/*** 获取ts地址列表** @param m3u8BO m3u8内容* @return Result*/TsListBO getTsList(M3U8BO m3u8BO);/*** 获取解密ts的方法** @param head   m3u8文件头* @param encKey 加密的key* @return UnaryOperator*/default UnaryOperator<byte[]> getDecodeTsFunction(String head, byte[] encKey) {return null;}
}

通用视频解析器抽象类

一般来说m3u8的链接保存在播放页面里面。可以通过查看源代码找到，只要写一个正则表达式就能取到链接，然后通过该链接获取m3u8内容和ts下载链接等内容，所以将这些公共的代码封装到一个一个抽象类中，并新增两个抽象方法，获取解析m3u8的正则模式和获取解析视频名的正则模式。

@Slf4j
public abstract class CommonVideoResolver implements VideoResolver {private static final Pattern tsContentPat = Pattern.compile("(#EXTINF.*?)\n(.*?\\.ts)");public static final Pattern encKeyPat = Pattern.compile("#EXT-X-KEY.*?URI=\"(.*?)\"[^\n]*");private static final Pattern m3u8ContentPat = Pattern.compile("([\\s\\S]*?)(#EXTINF[\\s\\S]*\\.ts)([\\s\\S]*)");/*** 获取解析m3u8的正则模式** @return Pattern*/protected abstract Pattern getM3U8UrlPat();/*** 获取解析视频名的正则模式** @return Pattern*/protected abstract Pattern getM3U8NamePat();@Overridepublic M3U8BO getM3U8(String url) {HttpRespBO respBO = HttpUtil.httpGet10(url);Assert.isTrue(respBO, "获取M3U8文件失败", () ->log.error("xcVideoService getM3U8 fail url:{}", url));String res = respBO.getUTF8Body();Matcher matcher = getM3U8UrlPat().matcher(res);Assert.isTrue(matcher.find(), "未获取到M3U8地址");String m3u8Url = matcher.group(1);HttpRespBO m3u8Resp = HttpUtil.httpGet10(m3u8Url);Assert.isTrue(m3u8Resp, "获取M3U8列表文件失败", () ->log.error("xcVideoService getM3U8 list fail m3u8Url:{},m3u8Resp:{}", m3u8Url, m3u8Resp));String m3u8Content = m3u8Resp.getUTF8Body();m3u8Content = HLSUtil.getMaxBandwidthM3U8(m3u8Url, m3u8Content);Matcher m3u8NameMatcher = getM3U8NamePat().matcher(res);String title = Optional.of(m3u8NameMatcher).filter(Matcher::find).map(m -> m.group(1)).orElse(null);String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");return new M3U8BO(id, title, m3u8Content, url, m3u8Url);}@Overridepublic TsListBO getTsList(M3U8BO m3u8BO) {String videoId = m3u8BO.getId();String m3u8Url = m3u8BO.getM3u8Url();String m3u8Content = m3u8BO.getContent();Matcher m3u8Matcher = m3u8ContentPat.matcher(m3u8Content);Assert.isTrue(m3u8Matcher.find(), "m3u8内容解析失败");String head = m3u8Matcher.group(1);StringBuilder newHead = new StringBuilder(head);TsEncBO tsEncBO = buildTsEnc(videoId, newHead, m3u8Url);List<TsBO> tsList = new ArrayList<>();String domain = NetUtil.resolveRootUrl(m3u8Url);Matcher tsMatcher = tsContentPat.matcher(m3u8Matcher.group(2));while (tsMatcher.find()) {String url = tsMatcher.group(2);tsList.add(new TsBO(composeUrl(domain, url), tsMatcher.group(1)));}TsListBO tsListBO = new TsListBO();tsListBO.setTsList(tsList);tsListBO.setTsEncBO(tsEncBO);tsListBO.setHead(newHead.toString());tsListBO.setEnd(m3u8Matcher.group(3));return tsListBO;}private String composeUrl(String domain, String url) {if (url.startsWith("http")) {return url;}return url.startsWith("/") ? domain + url : domain + "/" + url;}private TsEncBO buildTsEnc(String videoId, StringBuilder newHead, String m3u8Url) {TsEncBO tsEncBO = null;String head = newHead.toString();Matcher encKeyMatcher = encKeyPat.matcher(head);if (encKeyMatcher.find()) {String originEncKeyUrl = encKeyMatcher.group(1);String encKeyUrl;if (originEncKeyUrl.startsWith("http")) {encKeyUrl = originEncKeyUrl;} else if (originEncKeyUrl.startsWith("/")) {encKeyUrl = NetUtil.resolveRootUrl(m3u8Url) + originEncKeyUrl;} else {encKeyUrl = m3u8Url.substring(0, m3u8Url.lastIndexOf("/") + 1) + originEncKeyUrl;}HttpRespBO encKeyResp = HttpUtil.httpGet10(encKeyUrl);Assert.isTrue(encKeyResp, "获取ts文件密钥失败", () ->log.error("getEncKey fail encKeyUrl:{},encKeyResp:{}", encKeyUrl, encKeyResp));newHead.setLength(0);newHead.append(head.replace(originEncKeyUrl, "/video/enc/key/" + videoId));byte[] encKey = encKeyResp.getBody();tsEncBO = new TsEncBO();tsEncBO.setEncKey(encKey);tsEncBO.setEncKeyUrl(encKeyUrl);tsEncBO.setOriginEncKeyUrl(originEncKeyUrl);}return tsEncBO;}
}

如果想新增一个网站的解析，只需要继承这个抽象类，提供两个正则表达式即可。当然对于前后端分离的网站，就不能使用这个抽象类了，需要自己根据m3u8的接口新增一个公用的抽象类（等遇到了再实现），获取m3u8和ts的内容了（实现VideoResolver接口）

@Slf4j
@Service("ccVideoResolver")
public class CCVideoResolver extends CommonVideoResolver {private static final Pattern m3u8NamePat = Pattern.compile("<title>(.*?)</title>");private static final Pattern m3u8UrlPat = Pattern.compile("player_data=\\{.*?\"url\":\"(.*?)\"");@Overridepublic boolean support(String url) {return url != null && url.contains("www.nxyjjt.com");}@Overrideprotected Pattern getM3U8UrlPat() {return m3u8UrlPat;}@Overrideprotected Pattern getM3U8NamePat() {return m3u8NamePat;}
}

ts文件解密

有的ts文件是加密的，播放的时候需要根据m3u8上的加密方式和加密的key去解密ts文件，如m3u8文件中有一行为 #EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="key.key",IV=0x864267cc19f34ec1066e016e0da856ee。对于这种情况我们有两种处理方案

将ts文件解密后再保存到本地，这种保存到本地的ts文件可以直接播放，将这些ts文件直接拼接成一个大的ts文件后，就是完整的视频。并且需要将要提供的m3u8文件中的 #EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=xxx 这一行删掉，代表这个视频没有进行过加密。
不解密直接保存，这种ts文件不能直接播放。并将加密的key也保存下来，需要将要提供的m3u8文件中的 #EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=xxx 这一行URI="xxx“中的地址改为自己服务获取密钥的地址，让投屏设置在投屏时候根据这个链接获取密钥，在播放过程中解密ts文件

第一种方式下载相对慢一些但是播放很快，因为下载需要解密，播放无需解密。第二种方式则相反。注意这个慢是相对的，因为在局域网内投屏，最耗时的步骤已经解决，无论哪一种方式都不会卡

可以看到VideoResolver接口中提供了一个getDecodeTsFunction方法，返回一个解密方法UnaryOperator，默认是返回null即不解密，如果想解密的话，可以根据m3u8里的解密方式重写getDecodeTsFunction方法

@Slf4j
@Service("xcVideoResolver")
public class XCVideoResolver extends CommonVideoResolver {private static final Pattern m3u8UrlPat = Pattern.compile("\"url\":\"(.*?)\"");private static final Pattern m3u8NamePat = Pattern.compile("<title>(.*?)</title>");private static final Pattern encKeyPat = Pattern.compile("#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=(.*?),.*?IV=(.*?)\n");@Overridepublic boolean support(String url) {return url != null && (url.contains("www.huidongxie.com") || url.contains("www.wszwz.net"));}@Overrideprotected Pattern getM3U8UrlPat() {return m3u8UrlPat;}@Overrideprotected Pattern getM3U8NamePat() {return m3u8NamePat;}@Overridepublic UnaryOperator<byte[]> getDecodeTsFunction(String head, byte[] encKey) {Matcher encKeyMatcher = encKeyPat.matcher(head);if (encKeyMatcher.find()) {String method = encKeyMatcher.group(1);return method.contains("aes") || method.contains("AES") ?encByte -> AESUtil.decode(encByte, encKey, "0000000000000000") : null;}return null;}
}

通用视频下载执行器

当获取完ts的下载列表后，就需要将ts下载下来并且保存到本地。整个过程如下

如果ts被加密但是没有解密方法，就将密钥文件保存到本地
将ts地址列表依次提交到线程池中执行下载任务
ts下载完成后，如果有解密方法就执行解密，然后保存到本地，并且将下载ts的信息放到SynchronousQueue中
主线程创建一个文件info.txt，写入视频名、来源、进度，始终打开着该文件，然后从SynchronousQueue不断的获取下载完成的ts信息,并更新info.txt中的进度，直到100%
最后将本地m3u8文件（定义了如何从本地服务获取ts文件）保存到本地（video.base.path配置中执行的路径，可以直接修改application.yml或者执行jar包时候指定属性java -jar -Dvideo.base.path=D:/xx xxx.jar ）

解密的视频：

不解密的视频：

@Slf4j
@Service("commonVideoActuator")
public class CommonVideoActuator implements VideoActuator {@Value("${video.base.path}")private String videoBasePath;@Resource(name = "downloadTSPool")private ExecutorService downloadTSPool;public static final Pattern encKeyPat = Pattern.compile("#EXT-X-KEY.*?URI=\"(.*?)\"[^\n]*");@Overridepublic Result<String> downloadAndSaveTS(String url, VideoResolver videoResolver) {try {M3U8BO m3u8BO = videoResolver.getM3U8(url);TsListBO tsListBO = videoResolver.getTsList(m3u8BO);List<TsBO> tsList = tsListBO.getTsList();Assert.isNotEmpty(tsList, "ts地址列表为空");String fileId = m3u8BO.getId();String basePath = videoBasePath + "/" + fileId;Assert.isTrue(FileUtil.deleteFolder(basePath), basePath + "删除失败");Files.createDirectories(Paths.get(basePath + "/ts"));String m3u8Content = m3u8BO.getContent();Path originM3U8Path = Paths.get(basePath + "/origin.m3u8");Files.write(originM3U8Path, m3u8Content.getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW);UnaryOperator<byte[]> decodeTsFunction = getDecodeTsFunction(basePath, tsListBO, videoResolver);SynchronousQueue<LocalTsBO> synchronousQueue = new SynchronousQueue<>();batchSubmitTsTask(basePath, tsList, decodeTsFunction, synchronousQueue);List<LocalTsBO> successTsList = getFutureAndSaveInfo(basePath, m3u8BO, tsList.size(), synchronousQueue);Path localM3U8Path = Paths.get(basePath + "/local.m3u8");String newM3U8Content = buildLocalM3U8Content(tsListBO, fileId, successTsList);Files.write(localM3U8Path, newM3U8Content.getBytes(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW);return Result.success(fileId);} catch (ViewException e) {throw e;} catch (Exception e) {log.error("downloadAndSaveTS fail url:{}", url, e);return Result.fail("下载保存视频发生错误");}}private UnaryOperator<byte[]> getDecodeTsFunction(String basePath, TsListBO tsListBO, VideoResolver videoResolver) throws IOException {TsEncBO tsEncBO = tsListBO.getTsEncBO();if (tsEncBO != null) {String head = tsListBO.getHead();byte[] encKey = tsEncBO.getEncKey();UnaryOperator<byte[]> decodeTsFunction = videoResolver.getDecodeTsFunction(head, encKey);if (decodeTsFunction != null) {tsListBO.setHead(head.replaceAll(encKeyPat.toString(), ""));return decodeTsFunction;} else {Path encKeyPath = Paths.get(basePath + "/enc.key");Files.write(encKeyPath, encKey, StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW);}}return UnaryOperator.identity();}private void batchSubmitTsTask(String basePath, List<TsBO> tsList, UnaryOperator<byte[]> decodeFun, SynchronousQueue<LocalTsBO> synchronousQueue) {IntStream.range(0, tsList.size()).forEach(i -> {TsBO tsBO = tsList.get(i);String localTsName = i + ".ts";LocalTsBO localTsBO = new LocalTsBO();localTsBO.setIndex(i);localTsBO.setTsUrl(tsBO.getUrl());localTsBO.setExtInf(tsBO.getExtInf());localTsBO.setLocalTsName(localTsName);localTsBO.setLocalTsPath(basePath + "/ts/" + localTsName);downloadTSPool.submit(() -> doDownloadAndSaveTS(localTsBO, decodeFun, synchronousQueue));});}private List<LocalTsBO> getFutureAndSaveInfo(String basePath, M3U8BO m3u8BO, int allSize, SynchronousQueue<LocalTsBO> synchronousQueue) throws IOException {try (RandomAccessFile rf = new RandomAccessFile(basePath + "/info.txt", "rw")) {String head = "文件名：" + m3u8BO.getName() + "\n";head += "来源：" + m3u8BO.getSourceUrl() + "\n";head += "进度：";rf.write(head.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));int preRateByteNum = 0;StringBuilder failTsContent = new StringBuilder();List<LocalTsBO> successTsList = new ArrayList<>(allSize);for (int i = 0; i < allSize; i++) {LocalTsBO localTsBO = synchronousQueue.take();rf.seek(rf.getFilePointer() - preRateByteNum);String rate = String.format("%.2f", (i + 1) * 100.0 / allSize) + "%";byte[] rateByte = rate.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);rf.write(rateByte);preRateByteNum = rateByte.length;HandlerUtil.branchHandler(localTsBO.isTaskSuccess(), () -> successTsList.add(localTsBO), () ->failTsContent.append(localTsBO.getLocalTsName()).append("->").append(localTsBO.getTsUrl()).append("\n"));}rf.write(("\n异常ts文件：\n" + failTsContent).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));successTsList.sort(Comparator.comparing(LocalTsBO::getIndex));return successTsList;} catch (InterruptedException e) {Thread.currentThread().interrupt();log.error("getFutureAndSaveInfo fail m3u8BO:{}", m3u8BO, e);throw new IllegalStateException("线程中断，下载任务停止");}}private String buildLocalM3U8Content(TsListBO tsListBO, String fileId, List<LocalTsBO> successLocalTs) {StringBuilder newM3U8Content = new StringBuilder(tsListBO.getHead());successLocalTs.forEach(localTsBO -> {String extInf = localTsBO.getExtInf();String localTsName = localTsBO.getLocalTsName();newM3U8Content.append(extInf).append("\n").append("/video/ts/").append(fileId).append("/").append(localTsName).append("\n");});newM3U8Content.append(tsListBO.getEnd());return newM3U8Content.toString();}private void doDownloadAndSaveTS(LocalTsBO localTsBO, UnaryOperator<byte[]> decodeFunction, SynchronousQueue<LocalTsBO> synchronousQueue) {String tsUrl = localTsBO.getTsUrl();String localTsPath = localTsBO.getLocalTsPath();try {HttpRespBO respBO = HttpUtil.httpGet10(tsUrl);if (respBO == null) {log.error("downloadTS fail localTsBO:{}", localTsBO);return;}try (RandomAccessFile ts = new RandomAccessFile(localTsPath, "rw")) {ts.write(decodeFunction.apply(respBO.getBody()));localTsBO.setTaskSuccess(true);}} catch (IOException e) {log.error("save ts fail,localTsBO:{}", localTsBO, e);} finally {putSynchronousQueue(synchronousQueue, localTsBO);}}private void putSynchronousQueue(SynchronousQueue<LocalTsBO> synchronousQueue, LocalTsBO localTsBO) {try {synchronousQueue.put(localTsBO);} catch (InterruptedException e) {Thread.currentThread().interrupt();log.error("doDownloadAndSaveTS put synchronousQueue fail,localTsBO:{}", localTsBO, e);}}@Dataprivate static class LocalTsBO {/*** ts的位置*/private int index;/*** ts的地址*/private String tsUrl;/*** ts时长*/private String extInf;/*** 本地ts名称*/private String localTsName;/*** 本地ts路径*/private String localTsPath;/*** 任务是否成功*/private boolean taskSuccess;}
}

视频播放能力

最后提供本地视频的播放能力，也就是提供三个http接口

根据视频id获取本地m3u8文件
根据视频id和ts文件名获取本地ts字节数组（这个接口就是上面m3u8里面的ts链接）
根据视频id获取本地密钥数组（这个接口就是上面m3u8里面的密钥链接）

至此随便找一个能播放m3u8的软件就可以播放我们本地的视频了，如Safari浏览器、QuickTime Player等，直接在Safari浏览器或者播放器中输入m3u8文件的网址，就可以开始观看视频了

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/video")
public class VideoController {@Autowiredprivate VideoService videoService;@GetMapping(value = "/m3u8/{videoId}", produces = "application/vnd.apple.mpegurl")public byte[] getM3U8(@PathVariable String videoId) {return returnFileTemplate(videoId + "/local.m3u8");}@GetMapping(value = "/ts/{videoId}/{tsName}", produces = "video/mp2t")public byte[] getTs(@PathVariable String videoId, @PathVariable String tsName) {return returnFileTemplate(videoId + "/ts/" + tsName);}@GetMapping(value = "/enc/key/{videoId}", produces = "application/octet-stream")public byte[] getEncKey(@PathVariable String videoId) {return returnFileTemplate(videoId + "/enc.key");}
}

    private byte[] returnFileTemplate(String relativePath) {Result<byte[]> result = videoService.getFileByte(relativePath);return Optional.of(result).filter(Result::isSuccess).map(Result::getData).orElseGet(() -> JSON.toJSONBytes(result));}@Overridepublic Result<byte[]> getFileByte(String relativePath) {String filePath = videoBasePath + "/" + relativePath;try (RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(filePath, "r")) {byte[] buffer = new byte[(int) randomAccessFile.length()];randomAccessFile.read(buffer);return Result.success(buffer);} catch (Exception e) {log.error("getTs fail,filePath:{}", filePath, e);return Result.fail("获取文件失败");}}

本质上就是先从本地服务里获取m3u8文件，根据里面定义的ts链接去本地服务获取ts数据，如果加密了，再获取密钥进行解密