[最佳实践] Windows上构建一个和Linux类似的Terminal

感谢大佬批评指正，现已更新

preview

Target：致力打造最赏心悦目Window下的终端，同时能够很接近Linux的使用习惯
key word：windows终端美化 windows terminal windows powershell 类似Linux下的Window终端 Window也能用ll windows terminal一键直连ssh

目的是在Windows上构建一个和Linux类似的Terminal，让Windows炼丹和Linux一样舒适，同是让Terminal取代Xshell完成远程链接。
预览如下图。按照教程，你也可以实现下面的效果。

在Linux下我们使用zsh和oh-my-zsh结合，Windows下我们使用powershell7和oh-my-posh结合，并将结果显示在Window Terminal上。
前提是机器已经安装了ssh、sshd、conda、git

安装Window Terminal

如果已经安装好Window Terminal，或者本身就是win11系统_[系统自带Window Terminal]_，就请跳过本步骤。

这里是Window Terminal官网下载链接
或者Window Store中直接搜索terminal ，就会出现。个人建议安装预览版。

安装powershell7

从这里https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell/releases下载绿色版（避免重装系统消失），放置到D:\Program Files\PowerShell-7.4.1-win-x64目录下

并这个文件夹里面创建一个 Profile.ps1文件。pwsh启动会先执行这个文件。这里讲解了pwsh启动时，执行profile的顺序。内容后面会提及，先新建一个空白文件。

设置环境变量

PSHOME=D:\Program Files\PowerShell-7.4.1-win-x64\
# 将这些env加入path

这样才能命令行启动

参考命令

$PROFILE | Select-Object * # 查看PROFILE的位置
Test-Path -Path $PROFILE.AllUsersAllHosts # 测试脚本存在
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser # 解除严格模式
set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned # 解除严格模式Install-Module -Name PowerShellGet -Force # 安装get模块
Get-InstalledModule # 获取已经安装的模块

安装oh-my-posh

打开Window Terminal，将pwsh7添加到Window Terminal中，

然后打开一个pwsh窗口，执行以下命令，安装posh-git、oh-my-posh、ZLocation…

Install-Module posh-git -Scope CurrentUser # posh-git
Install-Module oh-my-posh -Scope CurrentUser -RequiredVersion 2.0.496 # oh-my-posh
Install-Module ZLocation -Scope CurrentUser # ZLocation (opens new window)和 autojump 差不多效果。快速 cd 到历史去过的目录。

安装字体

oh-my-posh font install # 需要管理员权限的终端）
# 如果总是有 各种字体问题。我建议直接使用JetBrainsMono Nerd Font

这里是把字体安装在操作系统中，如果发现Terminal中字体还是不正确，原因是Terminal中的字体没有调整，建议直接在这里https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads下载。我推荐使用’JetBrainsMono Nerd Font’。原因是图形齐全，字体简洁。

编辑profile

这里类似于Linux上的.zshrc的文件。

Linux上的zsh和这里的powershell7一样，都是shell程序。所以这里的$PROFILE就是在shell启动时前运行的脚本配置文件。

还记的前面让你在程序工作目录下创建的Profile.ps1文件吗，他就会每一次pwsh图像展示前先运行的脚本。

在pwsh7运行

$PROFILE | Select-Object *

这里就是显示的所有的配置文件和默认的位置，当然他可以是不存在的。这个列表从上到下，显示pwsh运行前，脚本的执行顺序。当然看名字也能猜出来，它其实还有用户和实例区分的，这里就先不管那么多。红色框起来的就是我们今天需要编辑的profile

AllUsersAllHosts文件编辑

这个文件就程序工作目录下创建的Profile.ps1文件了。$PSHOME 就可以查看程序所在的绝对路径。
这里我们主要是来为所有用户激活一下conda环境，毕竟这个是炼丹刚需。

$global:profiles = "$PSHOME\Profile.ps1"
#region conda initialize
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
(& "D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Scripts\conda.exe" "shell.powershell" "hook") | Out-String | Invoke-Expression
#endregion

CurrentUserCurrentHost文件编辑

这个文件就是su、ll、vim等常见工具的设定、还有oh-my-posh的主题等设置

# sudo命令
function _sudo {$ss = "$args ; pause"Start-Process wt -Verb runAs -ArgumentList $ss
}Function _su {
Start-Process -verb runas "wt"
}# setup alias 设置命令的别名
set-alias -name sudo -value _sudo
Set-Alias ll ls
Set-Alias su _su
Set-Alias vi "D:\Program Files\vim\vim91\vim.exe"
Set-Alias vim "D:\Program Files\vim\vim91\vim.exe"#oh-my-posh init
Import-Module posh-git # 引入 posh-git
Import-Module oh-my-posh # 引入 oh-my-poshSet-Theme PowerlinePlus # 设置主题为 Paradox, Emodipt, Honukai ,PowerlinePlus ,qwerty ,Sorin ,Zash 
Set-PSReadLineOption -PredictionSource History # 设置预测文本来源为历史记录 
Set-PSReadlineKeyHandler -Key Tab -Function Complete # 设置 Tab 键补全
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key "Ctrl+d" -Function MenuComplete # 设置 Ctrl+d 为菜单补全和 Intellisense
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key "Ctrl+z" -Function Undo # 设置 Ctrl+z 为撤销
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key UpArrow -Function HistorySearchBackward # 设置向上键为后向搜索历史记录
Set-PSReadLineKeyHandler -Key DownArrow -Function HistorySearchForward # 设置向下键为前向搜索历史纪录

快捷美化

Window Terminal的json文件

这里的json可以直接控制Windows Terminal的显示，还是十分友好的。
就在这里

"backgroundImage": "E:\\VSWallPaper\\VS\u80cc\u666f\u4f7f\u7528.png",
"backgroundImageAlignment": "bottomRight",
"backgroundImageOpacity": 0.73,
"backgroundImageStretchMode": "none",

这里就是背景图显示的设置，请自行修改。背景我放在下文中，请自行获取到本地，以便于让自己每天有个好心情。**[**都看到这里了，**别忘了点赞啊] **……
这里是我个人的Window Terminal的json文件，其中很多是绝对路径，如果要使用请先修改。如背景图，pwsh的启动路径等等…

{"$help": "https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation","$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema-preview","actions": [{"command": {"action": "copy","singleLine": false},"keys": "ctrl+c"},{"command": "paste","keys": "ctrl+v"},{"command": "find","keys": "ctrl+shift+f"},{"command": {"action": "splitPane","split": "auto","splitMode": "duplicate"},"keys": "alt+shift+d"}],"copyFormatting": "none","copyOnSelect": false,"defaultProfile": "{51a1d3c2-4ee8-4a49-b09b-0e4f8c4cf2bd}","newTabMenu": [{"type": "remainingProfiles"}],"profiles": {"defaults": {"backgroundImage": "E:\\VSWallPaper\\VS\u80cc\u666f\u4f7f\u7528.png","backgroundImageAlignment": "bottomRight","backgroundImageOpacity": 0.73,"backgroundImageStretchMode": "none","colorScheme": "Solarized Dark","elevate": false,"font": {"face": "JetBrainsMono Nerd Font"},"suppressApplicationTitle": true},"list": [{"commandline": "%SystemRoot%\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe","guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}","hidden": false,"name": "Windows PowerShell"},{"commandline": "%SystemRoot%\\System32\\cmd.exe","guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}","hidden": false,"name": "\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26"},{"guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}","hidden": false,"name": "Azure Cloud Shell","source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"},{"altGrAliasing": true,"antialiasingMode": "grayscale","closeOnExit": "automatic","colorScheme": "Solarized Dark","commandline": "%pwsh7%\\pwsh.exe","cursorShape": "bar","font": {"face": "JetBrainsMonoNL Nerd Font Propo","size": 12.0},"guid": "{51a1d3c2-4ee8-4a49-b09b-0e4f8c4cf2bd}","hidden": false,"historySize": 9001,"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png","name": "pwsh7","padding": "8, 8, 8, 8","snapOnInput": true,"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%","tabTitle": "pwsh","useAcrylic": false},{"guid": "{2a9350cf-37b9-5bfa-b5b3-564b3864eb96}","hidden": false,"name": "Developer Command Prompt for VS 2019","source": "Windows.Terminal.VisualStudio"},{"guid": "{19d39df3-1eed-58d6-a707-099b09917476}","hidden": false,"name": "Developer PowerShell for VS 2019","source": "Windows.Terminal.VisualStudio"},{"altGrAliasing": true,"antialiasingMode": "grayscale","closeOnExit": "automatic","colorScheme": "Solarized Dark","commandline": "%pwsh7%\\pwsh.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -NoExit -Command \"ssh icml@fr1p -p 36166\"","cursorShape": "bar","font": {"face": "Cascadia Code","size": 12.0},"guid": "{f92f3e12-e2ac-4cd9-b054-8a5e56b1446b}","hidden": false,"historySize": 9001,"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png","name": "online_DELL_FrpcSakura","padding": "8, 8, 8, 8","snapOnInput": true,"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%","tabTitle": "online_DELL_FrpcSakura","useAcrylic": false},{"altGrAliasing": true,"antialiasingMode": "grayscale","closeOnExit": "automatic","colorScheme": "Solarized Dark","commandline": "%pwsh7%\\pwsh.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -NoExit -Command \"ssh [e-mail] -p 53919\"","cursorShape": "bar","font": {"face": "Cascadia Code","size": 12.0},"guid": "{d2e40cc6-4b49-48dd-851c-29a6917059bc}","hidden": false,"historySize": 9001,"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png","name": "online_DELL_FrpcOpen","padding": "8, 8, 8, 8","snapOnInput": true,"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%","tabTitle": "online_DELL_FrpcOpen","useAcrylic": false},{"altGrAliasing": true,"antialiasingMode": "grayscale","closeOnExit": "automatic","colorScheme": "Solarized Dark","commandline": "%pwsh7%\\pwsh.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -NoExit -Command \"ssh [e-mail] -p 36777\"","cursorShape": "bar","font": {"face": "Cascadia Code","size": 12.0},"guid": "{ba0d2d74-61aa-4754-9097-a483ad39c491}","hidden": false,"historySize": 9001,"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png","name": "online_ONDA_FrpcSakura","padding": "8, 8, 8, 8","snapOnInput": true,"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%","tabTitle": "online_ONDA_FrpcSakura","useAcrylic": false},{"altGrAliasing": true,"antialiasingMode": "grayscale","closeOnExit": "automatic","colorScheme": "Solarized Dark","commandline": "%pwsh7%\\pwsh.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -NoExit -Command \"ssh [e-mail] -p 53215\"","cursorShape": "bar","font": {"face": "Cascadia Code","size": 12.0},"guid": "{42e91b42-dcb1-466c-b6e6-8e8276c437b2}","hidden": false,"historySize": 9001,"icon": "ms-appx:///ProfileIcons/{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}.png","name": "online_ONDA_FrpcOpen","padding": "8, 8, 8, 8","snapOnInput": true,"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%","tabTitle": "online_ONDA_FrpcOpen","useAcrylic": false}]},"schemes": [{"background": "#0C0C0C","black": "#0C0C0C","blue": "#0037DA","brightBlack": "#767676","brightBlue": "#3B78FF","brightCyan": "#61D6D6","brightGreen": "#16C60C","brightPurple": "#B4009E","brightRed": "#E74856","brightWhite": "#F2F2F2","brightYellow": "#F9F1A5","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","cyan": "#3A96DD","foreground": "#CCCCCC","green": "#13A10E","name": "Campbell","purple": "#881798","red": "#C50F1F","selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF","white": "#CCCCCC","yellow": "#C19C00"},{"background": "#012456","black": "#0C0C0C","blue": "#0037DA","brightBlack": "#767676","brightBlue": "#3B78FF","brightCyan": "#61D6D6","brightGreen": "#16C60C","brightPurple": "#B4009E","brightRed": "#E74856","brightWhite": "#F2F2F2","brightYellow": "#F9F1A5","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","cyan": "#3A96DD","foreground": "#CCCCCC","green": "#13A10E","name": "Campbell Powershell","purple": "#881798","red": "#C50F1F","selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF","white": "#CCCCCC","yellow": "#C19C00"},{"background": "#282C34","black": "#282C34","blue": "#61AFEF","brightBlack": "#5A6374","brightBlue": "#61AFEF","brightCyan": "#56B6C2","brightGreen": "#98C379","brightPurple": "#C678DD","brightRed": "#E06C75","brightWhite": "#DCDFE4","brightYellow": "#E5C07B","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","cyan": "#56B6C2","foreground": "#DCDFE4","green": "#98C379","name": "One Half Dark","purple": "#C678DD","red": "#E06C75","selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF","white": "#DCDFE4","yellow": "#E5C07B"},{"background": "#FAFAFA","black": "#383A42","blue": "#0184BC","brightBlack": "#4F525D","brightBlue": "#61AFEF","brightCyan": "#56B5C1","brightGreen": "#98C379","brightPurple": "#C577DD","brightRed": "#DF6C75","brightWhite": "#FFFFFF","brightYellow": "#E4C07A","cursorColor": "#4F525D","cyan": "#0997B3","foreground": "#383A42","green": "#50A14F","name": "One Half Light","purple": "#A626A4","red": "#E45649","selectionBackground": "#4F525D","white": "#FAFAFA","yellow": "#C18301"},{"background": "#002B36","black": "#002B36","blue": "#268BD2","brightBlack": "#073642","brightBlue": "#839496","brightCyan": "#93A1A1","brightGreen": "#586E75","brightPurple": "#6C71C4","brightRed": "#CB4B16","brightWhite": "#FDF6E3","brightYellow": "#657B83","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","cyan": "#2AA198","foreground": "#839496","green": "#859900","name": "Solarized Dark","purple": "#D33682","red": "#DC322F","selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF","white": "#EEE8D5","yellow": "#B58900"},{"background": "#FDF6E3","black": "#002B36","blue": "#268BD2","brightBlack": "#073642","brightBlue": "#839496","brightCyan": "#93A1A1","brightGreen": "#586E75","brightPurple": "#6C71C4","brightRed": "#CB4B16","brightWhite": "#FDF6E3","brightYellow": "#657B83","cursorColor": "#002B36","cyan": "#2AA198","foreground": "#657B83","green": "#859900","name": "Solarized Light","purple": "#D33682","red": "#DC322F","selectionBackground": "#073642","white": "#EEE8D5","yellow": "#B58900"},{"background": "#000000","black": "#000000","blue": "#3465A4","brightBlack": "#555753","brightBlue": "#729FCF","brightCyan": "#34E2E2","brightGreen": "#8AE234","brightPurple": "#AD7FA8","brightRed": "#EF2929","brightWhite": "#EEEEEC","brightYellow": "#FCE94F","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","cyan": "#06989A","foreground": "#D3D7CF","green": "#4E9A06","name": "Tango Dark","purple": "#75507B","red": "#CC0000","selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF","white": "#D3D7CF","yellow": "#C4A000"},{"background": "#FFFFFF","black": "#000000","blue": "#3465A4","brightBlack": "#555753","brightBlue": "#729FCF","brightCyan": "#34E2E2","brightGreen": "#8AE234","brightPurple": "#AD7FA8","brightRed": "#EF2929","brightWhite": "#EEEEEC","brightYellow": "#FCE94F","cursorColor": "#000000","cyan": "#06989A","foreground": "#555753","green": "#4E9A06","name": "Tango Light","purple": "#75507B","red": "#CC0000","selectionBackground": "#555753","white": "#D3D7CF","yellow": "#C4A000"},{"background": "#000000","black": "#000000","blue": "#000080","brightBlack": "#808080","brightBlue": "#0000FF","brightCyan": "#00FFFF","brightGreen": "#00FF00","brightPurple": "#FF00FF","brightRed": "#FF0000","brightWhite": "#FFFFFF","brightYellow": "#FFFF00","cursorColor": "#FFFFFF","cyan": "#008080","foreground": "#C0C0C0","green": "#008000","name": "Vintage","purple": "#800080","red": "#800000","selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF","white": "#C0C0C0","yellow": "#808000"}],"themes": [],"windowingBehavior": "useAnyExisting"
}

Window Terminal上的背景图

**[**都看到这里了，**别忘了点赞啊] **

最终预览

Terminal中进行ssh快捷登录，从而代替Xshell

思路

想要在Terminal中实现ssh快捷链接，就是需要再pwsh中引导ssh工作，也就是说只要把启动命令中加入ssh登录语句就可以实现在Terminal中进行ssh，从而代替Xshell

ssh grozta@192.168.199.128 就是我们通常使用的ssh登录语句

在conda的启动快捷方式中，它的启动命令是

pwsh.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -NoExit -Command "&'D:\code\miniconda\shell\condabin\conda-hook'"

所以我们想要快速启动ssh进行远程链接，只需要把-Command 后的参数替换成ssh登录语句就可以了

方法

因此我们只需要新建一个配置文件，要从前面的我们pwsh配置中复制一份，命令行修改为
%PSHOME%\pwsh.exe -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -NoExit -Command "ssh grozta@192.168.199.128"

这里的配置，在上述的Windows Terminal的json文件中有具体的写入，保证一定能用。

预览

然后我们开启新的标签，输入密码

参考

打造好用的PowerShell媲美oh-my-zsh | Exploring
给 PowerShell 带来 zsh 的体验
Nerd Fonts - Iconic font aggregator, glyphs/icons collection, & fonts patcher 单独的字体下载给Terminal
Windows Terminal 终端个性化设置指南_windows terminal配色-CSDN博客