iOS（一）：Swift纯代码模式iOS开发入门教程

项目初始化（修改为纯代码项目）

1.修改 AppDelegate.swift 和 ViewController.swift 文件

2.删除 SceneDelegate.swift 和 Main.storyboard 文件

3.修改如图所示项

安装第三方库（以SnapKit库为例）

安装CocoaPods

$ gem install cocoapods

初始化项目（添加Podfile配置文件）

$ pod init

修改Podfile文件

# Uncomment the next line to define a global platform for your project
# platform :ios, '9.0'target 'ExDemoApp' do# Comment the next line if you don't want to use dynamic frameworksuse_frameworks!# Pods for ExDemoApppod 'SnapKit'end

安装

$ pod install

打开ExDemoApp.xcworkspace项目并向ViewController.swift添加示例代码

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//
//  Created by ProsperLee on 2023/2/20.
//import UIKit
import SnapKitclass ViewController: UIViewController {override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()view.backgroundColor = .whitelet label: UILabel = UILabel()view.addSubview(label)label.text = "Hello"label.textColor = .redlabel.snp.makeConstraints { make inmake.centerX.equalToSuperview()make.centerY.equalToSuperview()}}}

运行效果

桥接OC库（QMUIKit）

安装QMUIKit

# Podfile 文件# Uncomment the next line to define a global platform for your project
# platform :ios, '9.0'target 'ExDemoApp' do# Comment the next line if you don't want to use dynamic frameworksuse_frameworks!# Pods for ExDemoApppod 'SnapKit'pod 'QMUIKit'end

$ pod install

方式一：触发xcode自动创建桥接文件机制

方式二：手动创建xcode桥接文件

测试桥接是否成功

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//
//  Created by ProsperLee on 2023/2/20.
//import UIKit
import SnapKitclass ViewController: UIViewController {override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()view.backgroundColor = .whitelet button = QMUIButton()button.adjustsButtonWhenHighlighted = truebutton.setTitle("按钮", for: .normal)button.setTitleColor(.white, for: .normal)button.backgroundColor = UIColor.tintColor;button.highlightedBackgroundColor = UIColor.tintColor;button.layer.cornerRadius = 4view.addSubview(button)button.snp.makeConstraints { make inmake.width.equalTo(200)make.height.equalTo(40)make.centerX.equalToSuperview()make.centerY.equalToSuperview()}button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(buttonClick), for: UIControl.Event.touchUpInside)}@objc func buttonClick(){print("点击了")}}

封装视图并进行导航跳转

效果

项目目录结构

配置导航跳转

//
//  AppDelegate.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//import UIKit@main
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {var window: UIWindow?func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {let controller = ViewController()window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)// 包装一层导航控制器用于在视图间跳转window!.rootViewController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: controller)window?.makeKeyAndVisible()return true}}

创建要跳转到的Controller

//
//  SettingController.swift
//  设置界面
//import UIKitclass SettingController: UIViewController {override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()title = "设置界面"view.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 250 / 255, green:  250 / 255, blue:  250 / 255, alpha: 1)}
}

进行跳转

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//import UIKit
import SnapKitclass ViewController: UIViewController {override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()let button = QMUIButton()button.setTitle("进入设置页面", for: .normal)view.addSubview(button)button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(goto(_:)), for: .touchUpInside)button.snp.makeConstraints{make inmake.center.equalToSuperview()}}@objc func goto(_ sender: QMUIButton){print(sender.titleLabel!.text!)let target = SettingController()navigationController?.pushViewController(target, animated: true)}
}

封装视图组件

//
//  CellView.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//import UIKit
import SnapKitclass CellView: UIView {/// 左侧图标lazy var leftIcon: UIImageView = {let v = UIImageView();v.image = UIImage(named: "Setting")return v;}()/// 单元格标题lazy var title: UILabel = {let v = UILabel();v.text = "Setting"return v;}()/// 右侧图标lazy var rightIcon: UIImageView = {let v = UIImageView();v.image = UIImage(named: "More")return v;}()// 初始化组件init() {super.init(frame: CGRect.zero)innerInit()}// 从数据中初始化一个视图(必需)required init?(coder: NSCoder) {super.init(coder: coder)innerInit()}// 组件UIView初始化func innerInit(){backgroundColor = .whiteaddSubview(leftIcon)addSubview(title)addSubview(rightIcon)}// 当view被首次添加进父级视图的时候调用override func didMoveToSuperview() {super.didMoveToSuperview()leftIcon.snp.makeConstraints{make inmake.width.equalTo(32)make.height.equalTo(32)make.centerY.equalToSuperview()make.left.equalToSuperview().offset(16)}title.snp.makeConstraints{make inmake.centerY.equalToSuperview()make.left.equalTo(leftIcon.snp.right).offset(10)}rightIcon.snp.makeConstraints{make inmake.width.equalTo(20)make.height.equalTo(20)make.centerY.equalToSuperview()make.right.equalToSuperview().offset(-16)}}}

使用组件并配置点击事件

//
//  SettingController.swift
//  设置界面
//import UIKitclass SettingController: UIViewController {// 懒加载单元格并配置相关属性lazy var cellView: CellView = {let v = CellView();v.leftIcon.image = UIImage(named: "Setting")v.title.text = "设置"// 单元格整体添加点击事件v.addGestureRecognizer(UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(onSettingClick(recognizer:))))return v;}()override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()title = "设置界面"view.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 250 / 255, green:  250 / 255, blue:  250 / 255, alpha: 1)view.addSubview(cellView)cellView.snp.makeConstraints{make inmake.height.equalTo(40)make.top.equalTo(view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.snp.top);make.left.equalToSuperview()make.right.equalToSuperview()}}// 点击事件@objc func onSettingClick (recognizer:UITapGestureRecognizer){print(recognizer)cellView.title.text = "点击了！"}}

示例：使用 TangramKit 第三方UI布局库

pod 'TangramKit'

let horzLayout = TGLinearLayout(.horz)
horzLayout.tg_gravity = TGGravity.horz.fill  // 所有子视图水平宽度充满布局，这样就不需要分别设置每个子视图的宽度了。
horzLayout.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
horzLayout.tg_width.equal(.fill)   // 高度填充父布局的所有剩余空间。
horzLayout.tg_height.equal(60)
horzLayout.tg_bottom.equal(TGLayoutPos.tg_safeAreaMargin)
view.addSubview(horzLayout)let v1 = QMUIButton();
v1.setTitle("v1", for: .normal)
v1.backgroundColor = .red
v1.tg_height.equal(.fill)
horzLayout.addSubview(v1)let v2 = QMUIButton();
v2.setTitle("v2", for: .normal)
v2.backgroundColor = .green
v2.tg_height.equal(.fill)
horzLayout.addSubview(v2)let v3 = QMUIButton();
v3.setTitle("v3", for: .normal)
v3.backgroundColor = .blue
v3.tg_height.equal(.fill)
horzLayout.addSubview(v3)

应用国际化

引用公共字符串

/* Localizable.stringsExDemoApp
*/HomeMenuText = "首页";

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//import UIKit
import TangramKitclass ViewController: UIViewController {override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()view.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 250 / 255, green: 250 / 255, blue: 250 / 255, alpha: 1)let horzLayout = TGLinearLayout(.horz)horzLayout.tg_gravity = TGGravity.horz.fillhorzLayout.backgroundColor = UIColor.orangehorzLayout.tg_width.equal(.fill)horzLayout.tg_height.equal(60)horzLayout.tg_bottom.equal(TGLayoutPos.tg_safeAreaMargin)view.addSubview(horzLayout)let v1 = QMUILabel();v1.text = NSLocalizedString("HomeMenuText", comment: "") // 引用公共字符串v1.backgroundColor = .redv1.textAlignment = .center;v1.tg_width.equal(.fill)v1.tg_height.equal(.fill)horzLayout.addSubview(v1)let v2 = QMUILabel();v2.text = "v2"v2.backgroundColor = .greenv2.textAlignment = .center;v2.tg_width.equal(.fill)v2.tg_height.equal(.fill)horzLayout.addSubview(v2)let v3 = QMUILabel();v3.text = "v3"v3.backgroundColor = .bluev3.textAlignment = .center;v3.tg_width.equal(.fill)v3.tg_height.equal(.fill)horzLayout.addSubview(v3)}}

启用国际化（修改系统语言查看效果）

应用名称国际化（修改系统语言查看效果）

添加 R.swift 框架

用于优化资源获取访问的方式，如图像、字体等

1.添加依赖

pod 'R.swift'

2.创建运行脚本

"$PODS_ROOT/R.swift/rswift" generate "$SRCROOT/R.generated.swift"

$SRCROOT/R.generated.swift

3.执行编译生成 R.generated.swift 文件，并将其添加到项目根目录

4.使用

/* Localizable.stringsExDemoApp
*/HomeMenuText = "%@, 首页";

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//let v1 = QMUILabel();
v1.text = NSLocalizedString(R.string.localizable.homeMenuText("你好"), comment: "")
v1.backgroundColor = .red
v1.textAlignment = .center;
v1.tg_width.equal(.fill)
v1.tg_height.equal(.fill)
horzLayout.addSubview(v1)

颜色统一管理（图片相同）

引入动态颜色生成库

pod 'DynamicColor'

实现

//
//  SuperUIColorExtension.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//
//  扩展系统颜色
//import Foundation
import DynamicColorextension UIColor {/// 背景颜色 （浅色）static var bgLightColor: UIColor{return DynamicColor(hex: 0xfafafa)}/// 背景颜色 （深色）static var bgDarkColor: UIColor{return DynamicColor(hex: 0x000000)}/// 背景颜色static var bgColor: UIColor{return .initColor(normal: bgLightColor, dark: bgDarkColor)}/// 红色static var red: UIColor{return DynamicColor(hex: 0xff0000)}/// 绿色static var green: UIColor{return DynamicColor(hex: 0x00ff00)}/// 蓝色static var blue: UIColor{return DynamicColor(hex: 0x00ffff)}/// 深浅颜色随系统切换static func initColor(normal: UIColor, dark: UIColor) -> UIColor{if #available(iOS 13.0, *) {return UIColor{ traitCollection -> UIColor inreturn traitCollection.userInterfaceStyle == .dark ? dark : normal}}else{return normal}}}

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//import UIKit
import TangramKit
import DynamicColorclass ViewController: UIViewController {override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()view.backgroundColor = .bgColorlet horzLayout = TGLinearLayout(.horz)horzLayout.tg_gravity = TGGravity.horz.fillhorzLayout.backgroundColor = .grayhorzLayout.tg_width.equal(.fill)horzLayout.tg_height.equal(60)horzLayout.tg_bottom.equal(TGLayoutPos.tg_safeAreaMargin)view.addSubview(horzLayout)let v1 = QMUIButton()v1.setTitle("v1", for: .normal)v1.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)v1.tg_width.equal(.fill)v1.tg_height.equal(.fill)horzLayout.addSubview(v1)let v2 = QMUIButton()v2.setTitle("v2", for: .normal)v2.setTitleColor(.green, for: .normal)v2.tg_width.equal(.fill)v2.tg_height.equal(.fill)horzLayout.addSubview(v2)let v3 = QMUIButton()v3.setTitle("v3", for: .normal)v3.setTitleColor(.blue, for: .normal)v3.tg_width.equal(.fill)v3.tg_height.equal(.fill)horzLayout.addSubview(v3)}}

网络请求 Moya

允许http请求

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict><key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key><dict><key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key><true/></dict>
</dict>
</plist>

配置请求地址

//
//  Config.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//import Foundationclass Config{/// 接口地址static let API_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/";
}

引入网络请求框架

pod 'Moya'

使用请求

// 服务端
let http = require('http');http.createServer((req, res) => {res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-type': 'application/json' });if (req.url === '/api/getUserInfo' && req.method === 'POST') {let data = '';req.on('data', (chunk) => {data += chunk;});req.on('end', () => {console.log(JSON.stringify({code: 200, id: Math.random(), ...JSON.parse(data)}));res.end(JSON.stringify({code: 200, id: Math.random(), ...JSON.parse(data)}));});}
}).listen(8080);console.log('http://127.0.0.1:8080/');

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  ExDemoApp
//import UIKit
import TangramKit
import DynamicColor
import Moyaclass ViewController: UIViewController {var label: QMUILabel = QMUILabel()override func viewDidLoad() {super.viewDidLoad()view = TGRelativeLayout()view.backgroundColor = .bgColorlet button = QMUIButton()button.setTitle("请求", for: .normal)button.tg_width.equal(.wrap)button.tg_height.equal(.wrap)button.tg_centerX.equal(0)button.tg_centerY.equal(0)button.addTarget(self, action: #selector(handleClick(_ :)), for: .touchUpInside)view.addSubview(button)label.text = "暂无数据！"label.tg_width.equal(.wrap)label.tg_height.equal(.wrap)label.tg_centerX.equal(0)label.tg_centerY.equal(30)view.addSubview(label)}@objc func handleClick (_ sender: QMUIButton){let provider = MoyaProvider<DefaultService>()provider.request(.getUserInfo(firstName: "Lee", lastName: "Prosper")) { result inswitch result {case let .success(moyaResponse):if moyaResponse.statusCode == 200 {let data: String = String(data: moyaResponse.data, encoding: .utf8)!self.label.text = dataprint(data)}case let .failure(error):print(error)}}}}/// 默认服务
enum DefaultService {case getUserInfo(firstName: String, lastName: String)
}extension DefaultService: TargetType {/// 请求地址var baseURL: URL { return URL(string: Config.API_URL)! }/// 接口地址var path: String {switch self {case .getUserInfo:return "/api/getUserInfo"}}/// 请求方式var method: Moya.Method {switch self {case .getUserInfo:return .post}}/// 请求参数var task: Task {switch self {case let .getUserInfo(firstName, lastName):return .requestParameters(parameters: ["first_name": firstName, "last_name": lastName], encoding: JSONEncoding.default)}}/// 请求头var headers: [String: String]? {let headers: Dictionary<String, String> = [:]return headers}
}

网络请求 Moya/RxSwift

Moya/RxSwift 响应式编程，可以对数据在请求前做一些处理，如：provider.rx.request(.xxx()).filter{... in ...}.subscribe { ... }

引入RxSwift

# pod 'Moya'
pod 'Moya/RxSwift'pod 'NSObject+Rx'

使用

//  ViewController.swiftimport RxSwift
import NSObject_Rx@objc func handleClick (_ sender: QMUIButton){let provider = MoyaProvider<DefaultService>()provider.rx.request(.getUserInfo(firstName: "Lee", lastName: "Prosper")).subscribe { event inswitch event {case let .success(response):if response.statusCode == 200 {let data: String = String(data: response.data, encoding: .utf8)!self.label.text = dataprint(data)}case let .failure(error):print(error)}}.disposed(by: rx.disposeBag) // 用于释放subscribe资源}

解析 json

pod 'HandyJSON'

//  ViewController.swiftimport Moya
import RxSwift
import NSObject_Rx
import HandyJSONclass UserInfo: HandyJSON {var code: Int!              // 不允许空var id: Double!             // 不允许空var first_name: String?     // 允许空var last_name: String?      // 允许空required init() {}
}let provider = MoyaProvider<DefaultService>()
provider.rx.request(.getUserInfo(firstName: "Lee", lastName: "Prosper")).subscribe { event inswitch event {case let .success(response):if response.statusCode == 200 {let data: String = String(data: response.data, encoding: .utf8)!if let object = UserInfo.deserialize(from: data) {self.label.text = "\(object.code!) \n \(object.id!) \n \(object.first_name!) \n \(object.last_name!)"print(object.toJSONString(prettyPrint: true)!) // 转json字符串 - {"id":0.86519265844265569,"last_name":"Prosper","code":200,"first_name":"Lee"}}}case let .failure(error):print(error)}}.disposed(by: rx.disposeBag) // 用于释放subscribe资源