How to manage Python environment based on virtualenv in Ubuntu 22.04

安装

pip3 install virtualenv

使用

创建环境

lwk@qwfys:~$ mkdir ~/project/harbin
lwk@qwfys:~$ cd ~/project/harbin
lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ virtualenv .venv
created virtual environment CPython3.10.12.final.0-64 in 171mscreator CPython3Posix(dest=/home/lwk/project/harbin/.venv, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/home/lwk/.local/share/virtualenv)added seed packages: pip==24.0, setuptools==69.1.0, wheel==0.42.0activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator
lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ ll
total 12
drwxrwxr-x  3 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 ./
drwxrwxr-x 15 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 15:54 ../
drwxrwxr-x  4 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 .venv/
lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ ll .venv/
total 24
drwxrwxr-x 4 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 ./
drwxrwxr-x 3 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 ../
drwxrwxr-x 2 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 bin/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk   40 Mar 15 16:31 .gitignore
drwxrwxr-x 3 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 lib/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk  211 Mar 15 16:31 pyvenv.cfg
lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ ll .venv/bin/
total 64
drwxrwxr-x 2 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 ./
drwxrwxr-x 4 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 ../
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk 2249 Mar 15 16:31 activate
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk 1516 Mar 15 16:31 activate.csh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk 3079 Mar 15 16:31 activate.fish
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk 2764 Mar 15 16:31 activate.nu
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk 1650 Mar 15 16:31 activate.ps1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lwk lwk 1337 Mar 15 16:31 activate_this.py
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  261 Mar 15 16:31 pip*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  261 Mar 15 16:31 pip3*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  261 Mar 15 16:31 pip-3.10*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  261 Mar 15 16:31 pip3.10*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lwk lwk   16 Mar 15 16:31 python -> /usr/bin/python3*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lwk lwk    6 Mar 15 16:31 python3 -> python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lwk lwk    6 Mar 15 16:31 python3.10 -> python*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  248 Mar 15 16:31 wheel*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  248 Mar 15 16:31 wheel3*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  248 Mar 15 16:31 wheel-3.10*
-rwxrwxr-x 1 lwk lwk  248 Mar 15 16:31 wheel3.10*
lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ ll .venv/lib/
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 3 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 ./
drwxrwxr-x 4 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 ../
drwxrwxr-x 3 lwk lwk 4096 Mar 15 16:31 python3.10/
lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ 

激活环境

lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ source .venv/bin/activate
(.venv) lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ 

安装软件包

pip install package-name

退出环境

(.venv) lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ deactivate
lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ deactivate

移除环境

lwk@qwfys:~/project/harbin$ rm -rf .venv

参考文献

• 王战山的学习笔记 / 1-Python - Virtualenv
• Guide to Python / Virtual Environments
• medium / Virtualenv and local environment in Python, and pip
• 如何在 Python 中创建一个虚拟环境，以及为什么需要它
• 阿里云/开发者社区/Python 虚拟环境 看这一篇就够了