Python读取PDF文字转txt，解决分栏识别问题，能读两栏

搜索了一下，大致有这些库能将PDF转txt

1. PyPDF/PyPDF2（截止2024.03.28这两个已经合并成了一个）pypdf · PyPI

2. pdfplumber GitHub - jsvine/pdfplumber: Plumb a PDF for detailed information about each char, rectangle, line, et cetera — and easily extract text and tables.

2. PyMuPDF PyMuPDF · PyPI

3. PDFMiner  （有5年没更新了，不建议使用）GitHub - euske/pdfminer: Python PDF Parser (Not actively maintained). Check out pdfminer.six.

4. pdftotext （Mac系统没安装成功，故未试用） GitHub - jalan/pdftotext: Simple PDF text extraction

 要转txt的PDF有一页内容如下：

其中PyPDF和pdfplumber的代码很相似都用extract_text, PyMuPDF则用get_text：

import pdfplumber
from pypdf import PdfReader
import fitz # PyMuPDFfname = "26.pdf"with pdfplumber.open(fname) as pdf:print(len(pdf.pages))for page in pdf.pages:text = page.extract_text()#提取文本print(text)with open('1.txt', 'w') as f:f.write(text)pdf = PdfReader(fname)
print(len(pdf.pages))
for page in pdf.pages:text = page.extract_text()print(text)with open('2.txt', 'w') as f:f.write(text)with fitz.open(fname) as pdf:text = chr(12).join([page.get_text() for page in pdf])with open('3.txt', 'w') as f:f.write(text)

执行结果如下（从左到右分别是pdfplumber/PyPDF/PyMuPDF) 

对比发现：

1. pdfplumber未能正确处理分栏

2. PyPDF 未能正确识别换行

综上，选择PyMuPDF用来提取PDF中的文字，做成脚本（pdf2txt.py）内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""PDF转txtUsage::>>> python pdf2txt.py <pdf>
"""
import os
import sys
from functools import partial
from pathlib import Path# pip install PyMuPDF
import fitz  # type:ignore[import-untyped]def _get_text(page, remove_header_footer):clip = Noneif remove_header_footer:height = 50  # 假设页眉页脚的高度为50rect = page.rectclip = fitz.Rect(0, height, rect.width, rect.height - height)return page.get_text(clip=clip)def pdf2text(fname: str, remove_header_footer=True) -> str:"""提取PDF文本内容:param fname: 文件路径:param remove_header_footer: 是否去除页眉页脚"""if "~" in fname:fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)get_text = partial(_get_text, remove_header_footer=remove_header_footer)with fitz.open(fname) as doc:  # open documenttext = chr(12).join(get_text(page) for page in doc)return textdef main() -> None:if not sys.argv[1:]:if "PYCHARM_HOSTED" not in os.environ:print(__doc__)returnfname = input("请输入PDF文件路径：")else:fname = sys.argv[1]text = pdf2text(fname)new_name = Path(fname).stem + ".txt"size = Path(new_name).write_bytes(text.encode())print(f"Save to {new_name} with {size=}")if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no covermain()