clang：在 Win10 上编译 MIDI 音乐程序（二）

先从 Microsoft C++ Build Tools - Visual Studio

下载 1.73GB 安装 "Microsoft C++ Build Tools“

访问 Swift.org - Download Swift
找到 Windows 10：x86_64
下载 swift-5.10-RELEASE-windows10.exe  大约490MB
建议安装在 D:\Swift\ ，安装后大约占2.56GB

简单来说，Clang是一个编译器，目前用来编译C、C++、Objective-C语言。

where clang
D:\Swift\Toolchains\5.10.0+Asserts\usr\bin\clang.exe

cd D:\Swift\testc

短笛伴奏《祝你生日快乐》，编辑  happy_birthday_2u.cpp  如下

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>  
#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
using namespace std;enum Scale  // 音阶参数
{Rest = 0, C8 = 108, B7 = 107, A7s = 106, A7 = 105, G7s = 104, G7 = 103, F7s = 102, F7 = 101, E7 = 100,D7s = 99, D7 = 98, C7s = 97, C7 = 96, B6 = 95, A6s = 94, A6 = 93, G6s = 92, G6 = 91, F6s = 90, F6 = 89,E6 = 88, D6s = 87, D6 = 86, C6s = 85, C6 = 84, B5 = 83, A5s = 82, A5 = 81, G5s = 80, G5 = 79, F5s = 78,F5 = 77, E5 = 76, D5s = 75, D5 = 74, C5s = 73, C5 = 72, B4 = 71, A4s = 70, A4 = 69, G4s = 68, G4 = 67,F4s = 66, F4 = 65, E4 = 64, D4s = 63, D4 = 62, C4s = 61, C4 = 60, B3 = 59, A3s = 58, A3 = 57, G3s = 56,G3 = 55, F3s = 54, F3 = 53, E3 = 52, D3s = 51, D3 = 50, C3s = 49, C3 = 48, B2 = 47, A2s = 46, A2 = 45,G2s = 44, G2 = 43, F2s = 42, F2 = 41, E2 = 40, D2s = 39, D2 = 38, C2s = 37, C2 = 36, B1 = 35, A1s = 34,A1 = 33, G1s = 32, G1 = 31, F1s = 30, F1 = 29, E1 = 28, D1s = 27, D1 = 26, C1s = 25, C1 = 24, B0 = 23,A0s = 22, A0 = 21
};
enum Voice // F大调
{H1 = F2, H2 = G2, H3 = A2, H4 = B2, H5 = C3, H6 = D3, H7 = E3,J1 = F3, J2 = G3, J3 = A3, J4 = B3, J5 = C4, J6 = D4, J7 = E4,K1 = F4, K2 = G4, K3 = A4, K4 = B4, K5 = C5, K6 = D5, K7 = E5,L1 = F5, L2 = G5, L3 = A5, L4 = B5, L5 = C6, L6 = D6, L7 = E6,LOW_SPEED = 500, MIDDLE_SPEED = 400, HIGH_SPEED = 300,_ = 0xFF
};
// score: Happy birthday to you
int hb2u[] = {J5,J5,J6,J5,K1,J7,J5,J5,J6,J5,K2,K1,J5,J5,K5,K3,K1,J7,J6,K4,K4,K3,K1,K2,K1,
};
// 时长数组 MIDDLE_SPEED
int shichang[] = {400,400,800,800,800,1600,400,400,800,800,800,1600,400,400,800,800,800,800,800,600,200,800,800,800,2000,
};
// 力度
int lidu[] = {1,0,0,2,0,0,1,0,0,2,0,0,1,0,0,2,1,0,0,2,2,0,0,2,1,
};
// 演奏歌曲《祝你生日快乐》
void happy_birthday()
{HMIDIOUT handle;midiOutOpen(&handle, 0, 0, 0, CALLBACK_NULL); // 打开midi设备midiOutShortMsg(handle, 72 << 8 | 0xC2); // 设置通道2的乐器为 72:短笛unsigned char sd = 0x90 | (2 & 0x0F); // statusByte: 0为声道unsigned short note = 0;    //音符编号unsigned short v = 120; // velocity 力度值，范围通常在0-127int n = sizeof(lidu) / sizeof(lidu[0]); cout <<"n= " << n << endl;for (int i=0; i < n; i++) {note = hb2u[i];if (lidu[i] ==0) v = 40;else if(lidu[i] ==1) v = 80;else if (lidu[i] ==2) v = 120;unsigned long noteOnMsg = (((unsigned long)v <<16) | (((unsigned long)note) <<8) | (unsigned long)sd);midiOutShortMsg(handle, noteOnMsg); // 发送MIDI消息Sleep(shichang[i]); // 停顿，给音节演奏的时间midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0x7BB2); // 停止通道2上的演奏}midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0x7BB2); // 停止通道2上的演奏midiOutClose(handle); // 关闭midi设备
}int main()
{happy_birthday();return 0;
}

编译  clang happy_birthday_2u.cpp -o happy_birthday_2u.exe

运行  happy_birthday_2u.exe

---

钢琴伴奏《祝你生日快乐》，编辑  happy_birthday_2y.cpp  如下

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>  
#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
using namespace std;enum Scale  // 音阶参数
{Rest = 0, C8 = 108, B7 = 107, A7s = 106, A7 = 105, G7s = 104, G7 = 103, F7s = 102, F7 = 101, E7 = 100,D7s = 99, D7 = 98, C7s = 97, C7 = 96, B6 = 95, A6s = 94, A6 = 93, G6s = 92, G6 = 91, F6s = 90, F6 = 89,E6 = 88, D6s = 87, D6 = 86, C6s = 85, C6 = 84, B5 = 83, A5s = 82, A5 = 81, G5s = 80, G5 = 79, F5s = 78,F5 = 77, E5 = 76, D5s = 75, D5 = 74, C5s = 73, C5 = 72, B4 = 71, A4s = 70, A4 = 69, G4s = 68, G4 = 67,F4s = 66, F4 = 65, E4 = 64, D4s = 63, D4 = 62, C4s = 61, C4 = 60, B3 = 59, A3s = 58, A3 = 57, G3s = 56,G3 = 55, F3s = 54, F3 = 53, E3 = 52, D3s = 51, D3 = 50, C3s = 49, C3 = 48, B2 = 47, A2s = 46, A2 = 45,G2s = 44, G2 = 43, F2s = 42, F2 = 41, E2 = 40, D2s = 39, D2 = 38, C2s = 37, C2 = 36, B1 = 35, A1s = 34,A1 = 33, G1s = 32, G1 = 31, F1s = 30, F1 = 29, E1 = 28, D1s = 27, D1 = 26, C1s = 25, C1 = 24, B0 = 23,A0s = 22, A0 = 21
};
enum Voice // F大调
{H1 = F2, H2 = G2, H3 = A2, H4 = B2, H5 = C3, H6 = D3, H7 = E3,J1 = F3, J2 = G3, J3 = A3, J4 = B3, J5 = C4, J6 = D4, J7 = E4,K1 = F4, K2 = G4, K3 = A4, K4 = B4, K5 = C5, K6 = D5, K7 = E5,L1 = F5, L2 = G5, L3 = A5, L4 = B5, L5 = C6, L6 = D6, L7 = E6,LOW_SPEED = 500, MIDDLE_SPEED = 400, HIGH_SPEED = 300,_ = 0xFF
};
// score: Happy birthday to you
int hb2u[] = {J5,J5,J6,J5,K1,J7,J5,J5,J6,J5,K2,K1,J5,J5,K5,K3,K1,J7,J6,K4,K4,K3,K1,K2,K1,
};
// 时长数组 MIDDLE_SPEED
int shichang[] = {400,400,800,800,800,1600,400,400,800,800,800,1600,400,400,800,800,800,800,800,600,200,800,800,800,2000,
};
// 力度
int lidu[] = {1,0,0,2,0,0,1,0,0,2,0,0,1,0,0,2,1,0,0,2,2,0,0,2,1,
};
// 演奏歌曲《祝你生日快乐》
void happy_birthday()
{HMIDIOUT handle;midiOutOpen(&handle, 0, 0, 0, CALLBACK_NULL);midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0 << 8 | 0xC0); // 设置通道0的乐器为 大钢琴unsigned short note = 0;    // 音符编号unsigned short v = 100; // velocity 力度值，范围通常在0-127unsigned char sd = 0x90 | (0 & 0x0F);// statusByte: 0为声道int n = sizeof(lidu) / sizeof(lidu[0]); cout <<"n= " << n << endl;for (int i=0; i < n; i++) {note = hb2u[i];if (lidu[i] ==0) v = 50;else if(lidu[i] ==1) v = 80;else if (lidu[i] ==2) v = 127;// 组合3个字节的消息到一个DWORD值unsigned long noteOnMsg = (((unsigned long)v <<16) | (((unsigned long)note) <<8) | (unsigned long)sd);// 发送MIDI消息midiOutShortMsg(handle, noteOnMsg);Sleep(shichang[i]); // 停顿，给音节演奏的时间midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0x7BB0); // 停止通道0上的演奏}midiOutClose(handle);
}int main()
{happy_birthday();return 0;
}

编译  clang happy_birthday_2y.cpp -o happy_birthday_2y.exe

运行  happy_birthday_2y.exe

---

命令行参数化 乐器伴奏《祝你生日快乐》，编辑  happy_birthday_to.cpp  如下

#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>  
#include <mmsystem.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
using namespace std;enum Scale  // 音阶参数
{Rest = 0, C8 = 108, B7 = 107, A7s = 106, A7 = 105, G7s = 104, G7 = 103, F7s = 102, F7 = 101, E7 = 100,D7s = 99, D7 = 98, C7s = 97, C7 = 96, B6 = 95, A6s = 94, A6 = 93, G6s = 92, G6 = 91, F6s = 90, F6 = 89,E6 = 88, D6s = 87, D6 = 86, C6s = 85, C6 = 84, B5 = 83, A5s = 82, A5 = 81, G5s = 80, G5 = 79, F5s = 78,F5 = 77, E5 = 76, D5s = 75, D5 = 74, C5s = 73, C5 = 72, B4 = 71, A4s = 70, A4 = 69, G4s = 68, G4 = 67,F4s = 66, F4 = 65, E4 = 64, D4s = 63, D4 = 62, C4s = 61, C4 = 60, B3 = 59, A3s = 58, A3 = 57, G3s = 56,G3 = 55, F3s = 54, F3 = 53, E3 = 52, D3s = 51, D3 = 50, C3s = 49, C3 = 48, B2 = 47, A2s = 46, A2 = 45,G2s = 44, G2 = 43, F2s = 42, F2 = 41, E2 = 40, D2s = 39, D2 = 38, C2s = 37, C2 = 36, B1 = 35, A1s = 34,A1 = 33, G1s = 32, G1 = 31, F1s = 30, F1 = 29, E1 = 28, D1s = 27, D1 = 26, C1s = 25, C1 = 24, B0 = 23,A0s = 22, A0 = 21
};
enum Voice // F大调
{H1 = F2, H2 = G2, H3 = A2, H4 = B2, H5 = C3, H6 = D3, H7 = E3,J1 = F3, J2 = G3, J3 = A3, J4 = B3, J5 = C4, J6 = D4, J7 = E4,K1 = F4, K2 = G4, K3 = A4, K4 = B4, K5 = C5, K6 = D5, K7 = E5,L1 = F5, L2 = G5, L3 = A5, L4 = B5, L5 = C6, L6 = D6, L7 = E6,LOW_SPEED = 500, MIDDLE_SPEED = 400, HIGH_SPEED = 300,_ = 0xFF
};
// score: Happy birthday to you
int hb2u[] = {J5,J5,J6,J5,K1,J7,J5,J5,J6,J5,K2,K1,J5,J5,K5,K3,K1,J7,J6,K4,K4,K3,K1,K2,K1,
};
// 时长数组 MIDDLE_SPEED
int shichang[] = {400,400,800,800,800,1600,400,400,800,800,800,1600,400,400,800,800,800,800,800,600,200,800,800,800,2000,
};
// 力度
int lidu[] = {1,0,0,2,0,0,1,0,0,2,0,0,1,0,0,2,1,0,0,2,2,0,0,2,1,
};
// 演奏歌曲《祝你生日快乐》
void happy_birthday(int yinse)
{HMIDIOUT handle;midiOutOpen(&handle, 0, 0, 0, CALLBACK_NULL);midiOutShortMsg(handle, yinse << 8 | 0xC1); // 设置通道1的乐器unsigned short note = 0;    // 音符编号unsigned short v = 100; // velocity 力度值，范围通常在0-127unsigned char sd = 0x90 | (1 & 0x0F);// statusByte: 0为声道int n = sizeof(lidu) / sizeof(lidu[0]); cout <<"n= " << n << endl;for (int i=0; i < n; i++) {note = hb2u[i];if (lidu[i] ==0) v = 50;else if(lidu[i] ==1) v = 80;else if (lidu[i] ==2) v = 127;// 组合3个字节的消息到一个DWORD值unsigned long noteOnMsg = (((unsigned long)v <<16) | (((unsigned long)note) <<8) | (unsigned long)sd);// 发送MIDI消息midiOutShortMsg(handle, noteOnMsg);Sleep(shichang[i]); // 停顿，给音节演奏的时间midiOutShortMsg(handle, 0x7BB1); // 停止通道1上的演奏}midiOutClose(handle);
}int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{if (argc > 1){int n = atoi(argv[1]);if (0<=n && n<128) happy_birthday(n);else cout << " 0<=n and n<128 ";} else {cout << " usage: happy_birthday_to n ";}return 0;
}

编译  clang happy_birthday_to.cpp -o happy_birthday_to.exe

# 乐器 26：电吉他 爵士
运行  happy_birthday_to.exe 26
# 乐器  40：小提琴
运行  happy_birthday_to  40
# 乐器  42：大提琴
运行  happy_birthday_to  42
# 乐器 65：中音萨克斯风
运行  happy_birthday_to 65

---

参阅：C语言midi编程钢琴演奏

音色表

/*General MIDI Level 1 旋律乐器对照表Note: 只向某个MIDI通道发送Program Change命令设置乐器，是不能发音的， 想要发音，还必须发出On开音符指令；有些乐器（笛）开始播放后，如果不发Off关音符指令，会持续发音很长时间.
*/
//Piano        1-8              键盘乐器             define = MIDI GM1列表序号 - 1
#define Acoustic_Grand_Piano    0       //平台钢琴
#define Bright_Acoustic_Piano   1       //亮音钢琴
#define Electric_Grand_Piano    2       //电钢琴
#define Honky_tonk_Piano        3       //酒吧钢琴
#define Electric_Piano_1        4       //电钢琴1
#define Electric_Piano_2        5       //电钢琴2
#define Harpsichord             6       //羽管键琴
#define Clavi                   7       //电翼琴
//Chromatic Percussion   9-16	固定音高敲击乐器     
#define Celesta                 8       //钢片琴
#define Glockenspiel            9       //钟琴
#define Music_Box               10      //音乐盒
#define Vibraphone              11      //颤音琴
#define Marimba                 12      //马林巴琴
#define Xylophone               13      //木琴
#define Tubular_Bells           14      //管钟
#define Dulcimer                15      //洋琴
//Organ         17-24	        风琴
#define Drawbar_Organ           16      //音栓风琴
#define Percussive_Organ        17      //敲击风琴
#define Rock_Organ              18      //摇滚风琴
#define Church_Organ            19      //教堂管风琴
#define Reed_Organ              20      //簧风琴
#define Accordion               21      //手风琴
#define Harmonica               22      //口琴
#define Tango_Accordion         23      //探戈手风琴
//Guitar        25-32	        吉他
#define Acoustic_Guitar_nylon   24      //木吉他 尼龙弦
#define Acoustic_Guitar_steel   25      //木吉他 钢弦
#define Electric_Guitar_jazz    26      //电吉他 爵士
#define Electric_Guitar_clean   27      //电吉他 原音
#define Electric_Guitar_muted   28      //电吉他 闷音
#define Overdriven_Guitar       29      //电吉他 破音
#define Distortion_Guitar       30      //电吉他 失真
#define Guitar_harmonics        31      //吉他泛音
//Bass          33-40	        贝斯
#define Acoustic_Bass           32      //民谣贝司
#define Electric_Bass_finger    33      //电贝司 指奏
#define Electric_Bass_pick      34      //电贝司 拨奏
#define Fretless_Bass           35      //无格贝斯
#define Slap_Bass_1             36      //捶钩贝斯1
#define Slap_Bass_2             37      //捶钩贝斯2
#define Synth_Bass_1            38      //合成贝司1
#define Synth_Bass_2            39      //合成贝司2
//Strings       41-48	        弦乐器
#define Violin                  40      //小提琴
#define Viola                   41      //中提琴
#define Cello                   42      //大提琴
#define Contrabass              43      //低音大提琴
#define Tremolo_Strings         44      //颤弓弦乐
#define Pizzicato_Strings       45      //弹拨弦乐
#define Orchestral_Harp         46      //竖琴
#define Timpani                 47      //定音鼓
//Ensemble      49-56	        合奏
#define String_Ensemble_1       48      //弦乐合奏1
#define String_Ensemble_2       49      //弦乐合奏2
#define SynthStrings_1          50      //合成弦乐1
#define SynthStrings_2          51      //合成弦乐2
#define Choir_Aahs              52      //人声“啊”
#define Voice_Oohs              53      //人声“喔”
#define Synth_Voice             54      //合成人声
#define Orchestra_Hit           55      //交响打击乐
//Brass         57-64	        铜管乐器
#define Trumpet                 56      //小号
#define Trombone                57      //长号
#define Tuba                    58      //大号
#define Muted_Trumpet           59      //闷音小号
#define French_Horn             60      //圆号/法国号
#define Brass_Section           61      //铜管乐
#define SynthBrass_1            62      //合成铜管1
#define SynthBrass_2            63      //合成铜管2
Reed          65-72	        簧乐器
#define Soprano_Sax             64      //高音萨克斯风
#define Alto_Sax                65      //中音萨克斯风
#define Tenor_Sax               66      //次中音萨克斯风
#define Baritone_Sax            67      //上低音萨克斯风
#define Oboe                    68      //双簧管
#define English_Horn            69      //英国管
#define Bassoon                 70      //低音管
#define Clarinet                71      //单簧管
//Pipe          73-80	        吹管乐器
#define Piccolo                 72      //短笛
#define Flute                   73      //长笛
#define Recorder                74      //直笛
#define Pan_Flute               75      //排笛
#define Blown_Bottle            76      //瓶笛
#define Shakuhachi              77      //尺八
#define Whistle                 78      //哨子
#define Ocarina                 79      //陶笛
//Synth Lead    81-88	        合成音主旋律
#define Lead_1_square           80      //方波
#define Lead_2_sawtooth         81      //锯齿波
#define Lead_3_calliope         82      //汽笛风琴
#define Lead_4_chiff            83      //合成吹管
#define Lead_5_charang          84      //合成电吉他
#define Lead_6_voice            85      //人生键盘
#define Lead_7_fifths           86      //五度音
#define Lead_8_bass_lead        87      //贝司吉他合奏
//Synth Pad     89-96	        合成音和弦衬底
#define Pad_1_new age           88      //新世纪
#define Pad_2_warm              89      //温暖
#define Pad_3_polysynth         90      //多重和音
#define Pad_4_choir             91      //人生合唱
#define Pad_5_bowed             92      //玻璃
#define Pad_6_metallic          93      //金属
#define Pad_7_halo              94      //光华
#define Pad_8_sweep             95      //扫掠
//Synth Effects 97-104	        合成音效果
#define FX_1_rain               96      //雨
#define FX_2_soundtrack         97      //电影音效
#define FX_3_crystal            98      //水晶
#define FX_4_atmosphere         99      //气氛
#define FX_5_brightness         100     //明亮
#define FX_6_goblins            101     //魅影
#define FX_7_echoes             102     //回音
#define FX_8_sci_fi             103     //科幻
//Ethnic        105-112	        民族乐器
#define Sitar                   104     //西塔琴
#define Banjo                   105     //五弦琴/斑鸠琴
#define Shamisen                106     //三味线
#define Koto                    107     //十三弦琴/古筝
#define Kalimba                 108     //卡林巴铁片琴
#define Bag_pipe                109     //苏格兰风琴
#define Fiddle                  110     //古提琴
#define Shanai                  111     //獸笛,类似唢呐
//Percussive    113-120	        打击乐器
#define Tinkle_Bell             112     //叮铛铃
#define Agogo                   113     //阿哥哥鼓
#define Steel_Drums             114     //钢鼓
#define Woodblock               115     //木鱼
#define Taiko_Drum              116     //太鼓
#define Melodic_Tom             117     //定音铜鼓
#define Synth_Drum              118     //合成股
#define Reverse_Cymbal          119     //逆转钹声
//Sound Effects 121-128	        特殊音效
#define Guitar_Fret_Noise       120     //吉他滑弦杂声
#define Breath_Noise            121     //呼吸杂声
#define Seashore                122     //海岸
#define Bird_Tweet              123     //鸟鸣
#define Telephone_Ring          124     //电话铃声
#define Helicopter              125     //直升机
#define Applause                126     //拍手
#define Gunshot                 127     //枪声

音码表