SpringBoot 集成 FFmpeg 解析音视频

1 摘要

FFmpeg 是最常用的跨平台的音频、视频处理软件，但是其通过命令行的方式进行操作对于普通用户而言上手难度大，同时 FFmpeg 只是函数库，对于不同的编程语言，需要自行适配API接口，以便于操作文件。本文介绍SpringBoot 集成 FFmpeg 实现对音视频文件的解析。

FFmpeg 官网: https://ffmpeg.org

FFmpeg Java 平台常用适配仓库:

JavaCV : https://github.com/bytedeco/javacv

JavaCV 是一个集成第三方函数库的平台，包括 OpenCV、FFmpeg 等知名函数库，提供统一的 API 操作，应用广泛。在不考虑应用程序体积大小的情况下推荐使用 JavaCV 作为集成方案。

JAVE2: https://github.com/a-schild/jave2

JAVE2 是将 FFmpeg 进行封装，并提供 Java API 以供用户操作音视频文件的依赖库。用户可以根据软件运行的操作系统来自由选择所需平台的依赖。

本文是基于 JAVE2 依赖来实现解析音视频文件的功能。

2 核心 Maven 依赖

demo-ffmpeg-media/pom.xml

        <!-- ffmpeg 音视频处理 --><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-core</artifactId><version>${schild-ffmpeg.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-nativebin-win64</artifactId><version>${schild-ffmpeg.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-nativebin-linux64</artifactId><version>${schild-ffmpeg.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-nativebin-osx64</artifactId><version>${schild-ffmpeg.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-nativebin-osxm1</artifactId><version>${schild-ffmpeg.version}</version></dependency>

其中 schild-ffmpeg 版本为:

<schild-ffmpeg.version>3.5.0</schild-ffmpeg.version>

这里分别引入了 Windows、Linux、macOS 系统的依赖，可根据软件运行环境进行删减。

3 核心代码

3.1 FFmpeg 解析音视频工具类

demo-ffmpeg-media/src/main/java/com/ljq/demo/springboot/ffmpeg/common/util/FFmpegMediaUtil.java

package com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.common.util;import com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.model.response.AudioInfoResponse;
import com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.model.response.VideoInfoResponse;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.util.DigestUtils;
import ws.schild.jave.MultimediaObject;
import ws.schild.jave.info.AudioInfo;
import ws.schild.jave.info.MultimediaInfo;
import ws.schild.jave.info.VideoInfo;import java.io.File;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.Objects;/*** @Description: FFmpeg 音视频工具类* @Author: junqiang.lu* @Date: 2024/5/10*/
@Slf4j
public class FFmpegMediaUtil {/*** 获取视频信息** @param videoPath 视频路径* @return 视频信息*/public static VideoInfoResponse getVideoInfo(String videoPath) {VideoInfoResponse response = null;try {// 解析文件File videoFile = new File(videoPath);MultimediaObject multimediaObject = new MultimediaObject(videoFile);MultimediaInfo multimediaInfo = multimediaObject.getInfo();VideoInfo videoInfo = multimediaInfo.getVideo();// 判断是否为视频if (Objects.isNull(videoInfo) || videoInfo.getBitRate() < 0) {return null;}response = new VideoInfoResponse();response.setFormat(multimediaInfo.getFormat()).setDuration(multimediaInfo.getDuration() / 1000).setSize(videoFile.length()).setMd5(DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(Files.readAllBytes(videoFile.toPath())));response.setBitRate(videoInfo.getBitRate()).setFrameRate(videoInfo.getFrameRate()).setWidth(videoInfo.getSize().getWidth()).setHeight(videoInfo.getSize().getHeight());return response;} catch (Exception e) {log.warn("Error processing video file", e);}return response;}/*** 获取音频信息** @param audioPath 音频路径* @return 音频信息*/public static AudioInfoResponse getAudioInfo(String audioPath) {AudioInfoResponse response = null;try {// 解析文件File videoFile = new File(audioPath);MultimediaObject multimediaObject = new MultimediaObject(videoFile);MultimediaInfo multimediaInfo = multimediaObject.getInfo();AudioInfo audioInfo = multimediaInfo.getAudio();// 判断是否为音频if (Objects.isNull(audioInfo) || Objects.nonNull(multimediaInfo.getVideo())) {return null;}response = new AudioInfoResponse();response.setFormat(multimediaInfo.getFormat()).setDuration(multimediaInfo.getDuration() / 1000).setSize(videoFile.length()).setMd5(DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(Files.readAllBytes(videoFile.toPath())));response.setSamplingRate(audioInfo.getSamplingRate()).setBitRate(audioInfo.getBitRate()).setChannels(audioInfo.getChannels()).setBitDepth(audioInfo.getBitDepth());return response;} catch (Exception e) {log.warn("Error processing audio file", e);}return response;}}

3.2 音视频文件信息参数

音视频文件公共信息参数

demo-ffmpeg-media/src/main/java/com/ljq/demo/springboot/ffmpeg/model/response/MediaInfoResponse.java

package com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.model.response;import lombok.Data;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;import java.io.Serializable;/*** @Description: 多媒体信息* @Author: junqiang.lu* @Date: 2024/5/10*/
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class MediaInfoResponse implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = -326368230008457941L;/*** 文件格式*/private String format;/*** 时长，单位：秒*/private Long duration;/*** 文件大小，单位：字节数*/private Long size;/*** 文件md5值*/private String md5;}

视频文件参数信息对象

demo-ffmpeg-media/src/main/java/com/ljq/demo/springboot/ffmpeg/model/response/VideoInfoResponse.java

package com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.model.response;import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;/*** @Description: 视频文件信息返回对象* @Author: junqiang.lu* @Date: 2024/5/10*/
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@ToString(callSuper = true)
public class VideoInfoResponse extends MediaInfoResponse {private static final long serialVersionUID = -9016123624628502571L;/*** 比特率,单位: bps*/private Integer bitRate;/*** 帧率，单位: FPS*/private Float frameRate;/*** 宽度,单位: px*/private Integer width;/*** 高度,单位: px*/private Integer height;}

音频文件参数信息对象

demo-ffmpeg-media/src/main/java/com/ljq/demo/springboot/ffmpeg/model/response/AudioInfoResponse.java

package com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.model.response;import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;/*** @Description: 音频文件信息返回对象* @Author: junqiang.lu* @Date: 2024/5/10*/
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@ToString(callSuper = true)
public class AudioInfoResponse extends MediaInfoResponse {private static final long serialVersionUID = 3573655613715240188L;/*** 采样率*/private Integer samplingRate;/*** 音频通道数量,1-单声道,2-立体声*/private Integer channels;/*** 比特率,单位: bps*/private Integer bitRate;/*** 位深度*/private String bitDepth;}

3.3 音视频文件上传Controller

demo-ffmpeg-media/src/main/java/com/ljq/demo/springboot/ffmpeg/controller/FFmpegMediaController.java

package com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.controller;import com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.common.config.UploadConfig;
import com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.common.util.FFmpegMediaUtil;
import com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.model.response.AudioInfoResponse;
import com.ljq.demo.springboot.ffmpeg.model.response.VideoInfoResponse;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;/*** @Description: FFmpeg 媒体文件处理控制层* @Author: junqiang.lu* @Date: 2024/5/10*/
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/ffmpeg/media")
public class FFmpegMediaController {@Resourceprivate UploadConfig uploadConfig;/*** 视频上传** @param file* @return* @throws IOException*/@PostMapping(value = "/upload/video", produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE})public ResponseEntity<VideoInfoResponse> uploadVideo(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {// 文件上传保存String videoFilePath = uploadConfig.getUploadPath() + File.separator + file.getOriginalFilename();log.info("videoFilePath: {}", videoFilePath);File videoFile = new File(videoFilePath);if (!videoFile.getParentFile().exists()) {videoFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();}file.transferTo(videoFile);// 获取视频信息VideoInfoResponse videoInfoResponse = FFmpegMediaUtil.getVideoInfo(videoFilePath);return ResponseEntity.ok(videoInfoResponse);}/*** 音频上传** @param file* @return* @throws IOException*/@PostMapping(value = "/upload/audio", produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE})public ResponseEntity<AudioInfoResponse> uploadAudio(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {// 文件上传保存String audioFilePath = uploadConfig.getUploadPath() + File.separator + file.getOriginalFilename();log.info("audioFilePath: {}", audioFilePath);File audioFile = new File(audioFilePath);if (!audioFile.getParentFile().exists()) {audioFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();}file.transferTo(audioFile);// 获取音频信息AudioInfoResponse audioInfoResponse = FFmpegMediaUtil.getAudioInfo(audioFilePath);return ResponseEntity.ok(audioInfoResponse);}}

3.4 application 配置文件

# config
server:port: 9250# spring
spring:application:name: demo-ffmpeg-mediaservlet:multipart:max-file-size: 1000MBmax-request-size: 1000MB# uploadConfig
upload:path: D:\\upload  # linux/macOS 路径 /opt/upload

4 测试数据

示例文件下载: https://zh.getsamplefiles.com

4.1 视频文件解析

测试文件:

https://zh.getsamplefiles.com/download/mp4/sample-4.mp4

测试结果:

{"format": "mov","duration": 30,"size": 7588608,"md5": "d7b5155ee54ee9c7dcd8cbb5395823dc","bitRate": 2015000,"frameRate": 25.0,"width": 1280,"height": 720
}

4.2 音频文件解析

测试文件:

https://zh.getsamplefiles.com/download/mp3/sample-5.mp3

测试结果:

{"format": "mp3","duration": 45,"size": 1830660,"md5": "843e2916b1c552fb5e8ee3d83faddb8c","samplingRate": 44100,"channels": 2,"bitRate": 320000,"bitDepth": "fltp"
}

5 注意事项

5.1 文件必须在本地

在实际项目中，一般会将文件保存到专门的文件服务器，但是 FFmpeg 解析文件必须是本地文件，因此在上传至文件服务器之前需要将文件在本地服务器做中转，解析完毕后再上传，然后删除本地文件。

6 推荐参考文档

SpringBoot集成ffmpeg实现视频转码播放

Convert video to Another Format in Spring Boot(Java-based apps)

springboot如何获取视频文件的视频时间长度

java 视频识别 java 视频转码

JAVE2 官方 Github

JAVE2 官方文档 Getting informations about a multimedia file

javacv-ffmpeg（八）视频文件信息获取

7 Github 源码

Gtihub 源码地址 : https://github.com/Flying9001/springBootDemo/tree/master/demo-ffmpeg-media

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