ubuntu的快速安装与配置

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前言

win11系统
ubuntu20.04

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、快速安装

wsl.exe --list -o

wsl.exe --install Ubuntu-20.04

• 输入用户名和密码
  

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二 、基础配置

1 Sudo免密码

• 给/etc/sudoers增加写的权限

gpasswd -a 用户名 sudo

• 添加信息

visudo

• 重新进入管理员模式

ctrl+x 直接退出
sudo -i

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2 ubuntu20.04 pip更新源

cbb@qbchen:~/bin$ cd /etc/apt/

• 复制原本文件

cbb@qbchen:/etc/apt$ sudo cp -r sources.list sources.list.bak

cbb@qbchen:/etc/apt$ sudo vi sources.list

• 注意每个源的版本对应ubuntu的版本 不要选错了 我的是ubuntu20.04的版本
  全部替换

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partnerdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse
# deb-src https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all main

esc
:wq

• 更新源以及更新软件 如果报错没有权限 提升为管理员权限就好了

cbb@qbchen:/etc/apt$ apt update

cbb@qbchen:/etc/apt$ apt upgrade

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3 安装和配置oneapi(infort/mpi/mkl) apt下载

• 官网：https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit-download.html?operatingsystem=linux&distributions=aptpackagemanager

第一次下载的要建立apt源

root@qbchen:sudo -iroot@qbchen:~# ls
intelroot@qbchen:~# cd /etc/apt/root@qbchen:/etc/apt# ls
apt.conf.d  auth.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list  sources.list.bak  sources.list.d  trusted.gpg.droot@qbchen:/etc/apt# cd sources.list.d/

root@qbchen:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# wget -O- https://apt.repos.intel.com/intel-gpg-keys/GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB \ | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/oneapi-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null--2023-03-07 15:03:04--  https://apt.repos.intel.com/intel-gpg-keys/GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
Resolving apt.repos.intel.com (apt.repos.intel.com)... 104.71.139.144, 2600:1417:8000:b86::4b23, 2600:1417:8000:b92::4b23
Connecting to apt.repos.intel.com (apt.repos.intel.com)|104.71.139.144|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3796 (3.7K) [binary/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘STDOUT’-                             100%[=================================================>]   3.71K  --.-KB/s    in 0s2023-03-07 15:03:05 (616 MB/s) - written to stdout [3796/3796]--2023-03-07 15:03:05--  http://%20/
Resolving   ( )... failed: Name or service not known.
wget: unable to resolve host address ‘ ’
FINISHED --2023-03-07 15:03:05--
Total wall clock time: 1.0s
Downloaded: 1 files, 3.7K in 0s (616 MB/s)

root@qbchen:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# lsroot@qbchen:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/oneapi-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/oneAPI.listroot@qbchen:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# ls
oneAPI.listroot@qbchen:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# cat oneAPI.list
deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/oneapi-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all mainroot@qbchen:/etc/apt/sources.list.d# apt update

更新出apt里面的包 就算建立完成

apt下载（infort/mpi/mkl)

• 下载

root@qbchen:~# apt install intel-oneapi-mkl intel-oneapi-mpi intel-oneapi-compiler intel-oneapi-compiler-fortran

• 查看ifx icc ifort 看到这几个文件存在 说明安装完成

root@qbchen:~# cd /opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin
root@qbchen:/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin# ls
aocl-ioc64  fpp  icx-cc  icx-cl  icx.cfg  ifx  ifx.cfg  intel64  ioc64  sycl-ls  sycl-post-link

root@qbchen:/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin# cd intel64/
root@qbchen:/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64# ls
codecov  fpp    ifort.cfg        map_opts  profmerge          proforder  xiar      xild
fortcom  ifort  libcilkrts.so.5  profdcg   profmergesampling  tselect    xiar.cfg  xild.cfg

• 配置环境变量

root@qbchen:/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64# vi /etc/profile.d/intel.sh

输入以下内容

oaroot=/opt/intel/oneapi
source $oaroot/mkl/latest/env/vars.sh
source $oaroot/mpi/latest/env/vars.sh
source $oaroot/compiler/latest/env/vars.sh

root@qbchen:/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64# . /etc/profile.d/intel.sh

• 安装成功

root@qbchen:/opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64# ifortifort: command line error: no files specified; for help type "ifort -help"

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4 安装一些依赖库等

apt install build-essential 
apt install cmake

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5 卸载WSL

• 打开cmd
• 查看版本号

wsl --list

• 注销ubuntu

wsl --unregister <你的ubuntu的版本号>

• win系统卸载
  

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python

• ubuntu20.04默认装了python 名字叫python3 默认在/usr/bin
  指向usr/lib目录下面的python3.8
  

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总结