NLP(16)--生成式任务

前言

仅记录学习过程，有问题欢迎讨论

  输入输出均为不定长序列（seq2seq）

自回归语言模型：

• x 为 str[start : end ]; y为 [start+1 : end +1] 同时训练多个字，逐字计算交叉熵

encode-decode结构：

• Encoder将输入转化为向量或矩阵，其中包含了输入中的信息
• Decoder将Encoder的输出转化为输出

attention机制

• 输入和输出应该和重点句子强相关，给输入加权（所以维度应该和输入的size一致）
• 

Teacher forcing

• 使用真实标签作为下一个输入（自回归语言模型就是使用的teacher forcing）

Transform结构

• Query来自Decode ，KV来自Encode
• 

使用Mask Attation 来避免对output做计算时，获取了所有的信息。只使用当前的位置对应的output信息。（自回归模型，先mask，然后在softmax）

评价指标：

• BLEU：按照输出的字符计算一系列的数学（惩罚机制，Ngrim）计算来评价相似性

采样：

• Beam size:
  保留概率最大的n条路径

• Temperature Sampling
  根据概率分布生成下一个词，通过参数T,T越大，结果越随机，分布更均匀

• TOP-P/K
  采样先按概率从大到小排序，累加概率不超过P的范围中选
  采样从TOP-K中采样下一个词

代码

使用bert实现自回归训练模型，
添加mask attention 来实现

# coding:utf8import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import numpy as np
import math
import random
import os
import refrom transformers import BertModel, BertTokenizer"""
基于pytorch的LSTM语言模型
"""class LanguageModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, input_dim, vocab_size):super(LanguageModel, self).__init__()# self.embedding = nn.Embedding(len(vocab), input_dim)# self.layer = nn.LSTM(input_dim, input_dim, num_layers=1, batch_first=True)self.bert = BertModel.from_pretrained(r"D:\NLP\video\第六周\bert-base-chinese", return_dict=False)self.classify = nn.Linear(input_dim, vocab_size)# self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.1)self.loss = nn.functional.cross_entropy# 当输入真实标签，返回loss值；无真实标签，返回预测值def forward(self, x, y=None):# x = self.embedding(x)  # output shape:(batch_size, sen_len, input_dim)# 使用mask来防止提前预知结果if y is not None:# 构建一个下三角的mask# bert的mask attention 为(batch_size, vocab_size, vocab_size) L*Lmask = torch.tril(torch.ones(x.shape[0], x.shape[1], x.shape[1]))print(mask)x, _ = self.bert(x, attention_mask=mask)y_pred = self.classify(x)return self.loss(y_pred.view(-1, y_pred.shape[-1]), y.view(-1))else:x = self.bert(x)[0]y_pred = self.classify(x)return torch.softmax(y_pred, dim=-1)# 加载字表
def build_vocab(vocab_path):vocab = {"<pad>": 0}with open(vocab_path, encoding="utf8") as f:for index, line in enumerate(f):char = line[:-1]  # 去掉结尾换行符vocab[char] = index + 1  # 留出0位给pad tokenreturn vocab# 加载语料
def load_corpus(path):corpus = ""with open(path, encoding="utf8") as f:for line in f:corpus += line.strip()return corpus# 随机生成一个样本
# 从文本中截取随机窗口，前n个字作为输入，最后一个字作为输出
def build_sample(tokenizer, window_size, corpus):start = random.randint(0, len(corpus) - 1 - window_size)end = start + window_sizewindow = corpus[start:end]target = corpus[start + 1:end + 1]  # 输入输出错开一位# print(window, target)# 中文的文本转化为tokenizer的idinput_ids_x = tokenizer.encode(window, add_special_tokens=False, padding='max_length', truncation=True,max_length=10)input_ids_y = tokenizer.encode(target, add_special_tokens=False, padding='max_length', truncation=True,max_length=10)return input_ids_x, input_ids_y# 建立数据集
# sample_length 输入需要的样本数量。需要多少生成多少
# vocab 词表
# window_size 样本长度
# corpus 语料字符串
def build_dataset(sample_length, tokenizer, window_size, corpus):dataset_x = []dataset_y = []for i in range(sample_length):x, y = build_sample(tokenizer, window_size, corpus)dataset_x.append(x)dataset_y.append(y)return torch.LongTensor(dataset_x), torch.LongTensor(dataset_y)# 建立模型
def build_model(vocab_size, char_dim):model = LanguageModel(char_dim, vocab_size)return model# 文本生成测试代码
def generate_sentence(openings, model, tokenizer, window_size):# reverse_vocab = dict((y, x) for x, y in vocab.items())model.eval()with torch.no_grad():pred_char = ""# 生成文本超过30字终止while len(openings) <= 30:openings += pred_charx = tokenizer.encode(openings, add_special_tokens=False, padding='max_length', truncation=True,max_length=10)x = torch.LongTensor([x])if torch.cuda.is_available():x = x.cuda()# batch_size = 1 最后一个字符的概率y = model(x)[0][-1]index = sampling_strategy(y)# 转化为中文 只有一个字符pred_char = tokenizer.decode(index)return openings# 采样方式
def sampling_strategy(prob_distribution):if random.random() > 0.1:strategy = "greedy"else:strategy = "sampling"if strategy == "greedy":return int(torch.argmax(prob_distribution))elif strategy == "sampling":prob_distribution = prob_distribution.cpu().numpy()return np.random.choice(list(range(len(prob_distribution))), p=prob_distribution)# 计算文本ppl
def calc_perplexity(sentence, model, vocab, window_size):prob = 0model.eval()with torch.no_grad():for i in range(1, len(sentence)):start = max(0, i - window_size)window = sentence[start:i]x = [vocab.get(char, vocab["<UNK>"]) for char in window]x = torch.LongTensor([x])target = sentence[i]target_index = vocab.get(target, vocab["<UNK>"])if torch.cuda.is_available():x = x.cuda()pred_prob_distribute = model(x)[0][-1]target_prob = pred_prob_distribute[target_index]prob += math.log(target_prob, 10)return 2 ** (prob * (-1 / len(sentence)))def train(corpus_path, save_weight=True):epoch_num = 15  # 训练轮数batch_size = 64  # 每次训练样本个数train_sample = 10000  # 每轮训练总共训练的样本总数char_dim = 768  # 每个字的维度window_size = 10  # 样本文本长度# vocab = build_vocab(r"vocab.txt")  # 建立字表tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained(r"D:\NLP\video\第六周\bert-base-chinese")vocab_size = 21128corpus = load_corpus(corpus_path)  # 加载语料model = build_model(vocab_size, char_dim)  # 建立模型if torch.cuda.is_available():model = model.cuda()optim = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)  # 建立优化器print("文本词表模型加载完毕，开始训练")for epoch in range(epoch_num):model.train()watch_loss = []for batch in range(int(train_sample / batch_size)):x, y = build_dataset(batch_size, tokenizer, window_size, corpus)  # 构建一组训练样本if torch.cuda.is_available():x, y = x.cuda(), y.cuda()optim.zero_grad()  # 梯度归零loss = model(x, y)  # 计算lossloss.backward()  # 计算梯度optim.step()  # 更新权重watch_loss.append(loss.item())print("=========\n第%d轮平均loss:%f" % (epoch + 1, np.mean(watch_loss)))print(generate_sentence("忽然一阵狂风吹过，他直接", model, tokenizer, window_size))print(generate_sentence("天青色等烟雨，而我在", model, tokenizer, window_size))if not save_weight:returnelse:base_name = os.path.basename(corpus_path).replace("txt", "pth")model_path = os.path.join("model", base_name)torch.save(model.state_dict(), model_path)returnif __name__ == "__main__":train("corpus.txt", False)# mask = torch.tril(torch.ones(4, 4)).unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0)# print(mask)