详细分析Element中的MessageBox基本知识（附Demo）

前言

详细知识推荐阅读：详细分析Element Plus中的ElMessageBox弹窗用法（附Demo及模版）

MessageBox则常用于Vue2

1. 基本知识

MessageBox 是 Element UI 提供的一个全局方法，用于创建各种对话框，如消息提示、确认框和输入框

MessageBox 可以通过引入 MessageBox 组件来使用，也可以通过全局挂载的方式使用 this.$confirm 等快捷方法

常用的方法如下：

• MessageBox.alert(message, title, options)：显示一个消息提示框
• MessageBox.confirm(message, title, options)：显示一个确认对话框
• MessageBox.prompt(message, title, options)：显示一个输入框

具体的参数说明如下：

• message：对话框的内容，可以是字符串或 HTML 片段
• title：对话框的标题
• options：配置对象，用于定制对话框的行为和样式，包括以下常用选项：
  confirmButtonText：确认按钮的文本
  cancelButtonText：取消按钮的文本
  type：消息类型（success, warning, info, error）
  callback：按钮点击后的回调函数
  dangerouslyUseHTMLString：是否将 message 作为 HTML 片段

对应的返回值如下：返回一个 Promise，点击确认按钮会 resolve，点击取消按钮会 reject

2. Demo

2.1 确认框

<template><div><el-button @click="handleDelete(1)">Delete Item 1</el-button><el-table :data="list"><el-table-column prop="name" label="Name"></el-table-column><el-table-column label="Actions"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-button @click="handleDelete(scope.row.id)" type="danger" size="small">Delete</el-button></template></el-table-column></el-table></div>
</template><script>
import { MessageBox, Message } from 'element-ui';export default {data() {return {list: [{ id: 1, name: 'Item 1' },{ id: 2, name: 'Item 2' },{ id: 3, name: 'Item 3' },],};},methods: {handleDelete(id) {MessageBox.confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this item?', 'Warning', {confirmButtonText: 'Yes',cancelButtonText: 'No',type: 'warning',}).then(() => {// Simulate an API call to delete the itemthis.list = this.list.filter(item => item.id !== id);Message({type: 'success',message: 'Item deleted successfully!',});}).catch(() => {Message({type: 'info',message: 'Deletion cancelled',});});},},
};
</script><style>
@import '~element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
</style>

2.2 警告框

<template><div><el-button @click="showAlert">Show Alert</el-button></div>
</template><script>
import { MessageBox } from 'element-ui';export default {methods: {showAlert() {MessageBox.alert('This is a warning message', 'Warning', {confirmButtonText: 'OK',type: 'warning',});},},
};
</script><style>
@import '~element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
</style>

2.3 对话框

<template><div><el-button @click="showPrompt">Show Prompt</el-button></div>
</template><script>
import { MessageBox } from 'element-ui';export default {methods: {showPrompt() {MessageBox.prompt('Please input your name', 'Prompt', {confirmButtonText: 'OK',cancelButtonText: 'Cancel',}).then(({ value }) => {this.$message({type: 'success',message: 'Your name is: ' + value,});}).catch(() => {this.$message({type: 'info',message: 'Input cancelled',});});},},
};
</script><style>
@import '~element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
</style>

3. this.$confirm

在 Vue 2 中使用 Element UI 时，可以通过全局方法 this.$confirm 等快捷方式来调用这些对话框，以简化代码并提升开发效率

实际上它是 MessageBox.confirm 的一个封装

具体的Demo如下：

<template><div><el-button @click="handleDelete(1)">Delete Item 1</el-button><el-table :data="list"><el-table-column prop="name" label="Name"></el-table-column><el-table-column label="Actions"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-button @click="handleDelete(scope.row.id)" type="danger" size="small">Delete</el-button></template></el-table-column></el-table></div>
</template><script>
export default {data() {return {list: [{ id: 1, name: 'Item 1' },{ id: 2, name: 'Item 2' },{ id: 3, name: 'Item 3' },],};},methods: {handleDelete(id) {this.$confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this item?', 'Warning', {confirmButtonText: 'Yes',cancelButtonText: 'No',type: 'warning',}).then(() => {// Simulate an API call to delete the itemthis.list = this.list.filter(item => item.id !== id);this.$message({type: 'success',message: 'Item deleted successfully!',});}).catch(() => {this.$message({type: 'info',message: 'Deletion cancelled',});});},},
};
</script><style>
@import '~element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
</style>

同步对比其差异：

<template><div><el-button @click="handleDelete(1)">Delete Item 1</el-button><el-table :data="list"><el-table-column prop="name" label="Name"></el-table-column><el-table-column label="Actions"><template slot-scope="scope"><el-button @click="handleDelete(scope.row.id)" type="danger" size="small">Delete</el-button></template></el-table-column></el-table></div>
</template><script>
import { MessageBox, Message } from 'element-ui';export default {data() {return {list: [{ id: 1, name: 'Item 1' },{ id: 2, name: 'Item 2' },{ id: 3, name: 'Item 3' },],};},methods: {handleDelete(id) {MessageBox.confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this item?', 'Warning', {confirmButtonText: 'Yes',cancelButtonText: 'No',type: 'warning',}).then(() => {// Simulate an API call to delete the itemthis.list = this.list.filter(item => item.id !== id);Message({type: 'success',message: 'Item deleted successfully!',});}).catch(() => {Message({type: 'info',message: 'Deletion cancelled',});});},},
};
</script><style>
@import '~element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
</style>

实战中类似的截图如下：