山东大学-科技文献阅读与翻译（期末复习）（选择题+翻译）

目录

选择题

Chapter1

1.which of the following is not categorized as scientific literature

2.Which of the followings is defined as tertiary(三级文献) literature?

3.Which type of the following international conferences is listed as Number one conference in the world?

4.The following are published in academic journals except for:

5.There are similarities between a journal research articles and a graduation paper.They are similar in the following aspecrts except for:

6.Which is not the feature of product specification?

7.Which type of the document below does not belong to the classification of product specification?

8.The classification of stantard documents can be drawn according to the range of thier application,thus they are classified in terms of the following except for:

9.Which of the following criteria(标准) is not the criterion used to classify technical report?

10.Which of the following is not one of the four well-known American technical reports?

11.How many years would a patent be protected?

Chapter 2

1.Which of the following scientists should be the listed as the top one?

2.The intensions of academic journals are the following except for:

3.Journal metrics can be used in academic (用于) to

4.which metrics is used to measure the productivity and impact of anauthor?

5.how many digits does ISBN after 2007?

6.which of the following citation indexes was not originally published by the institute for scientific information?

7.generally speaking,which two types can be abbreviations(缩写) be classified into?

8.which of the following abbreviations is not correct?

9.which of the following is not the suitake tool for you to search for the top journals,top conferences and top author?

10.The influence of an author can be evaluate by the following facotrs except for

11.Journal metrics can be used in academic circles to

Chapter 3

1.what do you use the software of Note-express for?

2.which function of the below is not listed a sone of the funtions of Endonate?

3.Zotero is similar to EndNote in some aspects,but different in that

Chapter 4

1.the follwing words are regarded as derivation(派生) formation except for:

2.which nominalization(名词化) of the below is not listed as transforming a verb into a noun?

3.which of the following is not the morpheme or suffixation indicated as illness?

4.which transitional(过渡) word of the below is to interpret as the meaing of contrast?

5.which of the following is not the usage of lexical metaphor in scientific literature?

Chapter 5

1.Which type of title does this title “Application of sliding mode in the construction of reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土)” belong to?

2.When you read phrases in the introduction section of a research article, such as “little is, however, known about participants views of”, you will know that the following contents might possibly be about:

3.The following contents are the major contents in the research method section, except for:

4.Based on purpose,reasearch methods can be classified into the following

5.Ethical issue(人体组织) will be involved if the research subjects are except for:

6.The result section of a research article usually presents the research finding in form of non-verbal language which is:

7.which move is not included in the disussion section of a research article?

8.The major difference between fact description and opinion description is that an opinion is described by the following means except for:

9.The functions of references are the follows except for:

10.In the acknowledgement section of a research paper, what was thanked usually include except for:

Chapter 6

1.The differences between a research article and a review article mainly falls on:

2.Based on timeline, review articles are classified into retrospective review(回顾性综述) and prospective review(前瞻性综述), while the retrospective review focuses on the historical development of the research area, the prospective review focuses on:

3.When we read a contentious review article, what is the focus of the review?

4.The differences between a macro-review(宏观审查) and a micro-review(微观审查) are drawn based on:

*5.The section that follows the introduction section in a research article is the method section, but what follows the introduction section in a review article is often the:

6.In the abstract of a review article, there are usually five moves, after the move of indicating the reviewed focus, what might follow closely is the move that describes:

7.When the author wants to introduce some relevant studies that others have done, he or she would usually use the following phrases except for:

8.‌The main body section of a review article usually does not have fixed moves, but rather indicate the reviewed details by use of:

*9.When you read a review article, it is much easier to follow the subtitles of each section for reviewed contents, but also you can follow:

10. “To overcome these barriers, collaboration between research institutions, industry, government, and other stakeholders is essential.” In this sentence, the underlined phrases indicate:

翻译

总结

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选择题

Chapter1

1.which of the following is not categorized as scientific literature

• A. Academic journals
• B. Movie comments
• C. Monographs(专著)
• D. Product specifications

B

2.Which of the followings is defined as tertiary(三级文献) literature?

• A. Science news
• B. Research articles
• C. Encyclopedia(百科全书)
• D. Graduation papers

C

3.Which type of the following international conferences is listed as Number one conference in the world?

• A. conference A+
• B. Conference C
• C. Top Conference
• D. Conference A

 A

4.The following are published in academic journals except for:

• A. Science fictions
• B. Book reviews
• C. Review articles
• D. Research articles

A

5.There are similarities between a journal research articles and a graduation paper.They are similar in the following aspecrts except for:

• A. They are both written by one researcher
• B. They can be both focusing on some unknown problems
• C. They can be both primary research
• D. They can be written by university students

A

6.Which is not the feature of product specification?

• A. Being popular
• B. Being scientific
• C. Being costly
• D. Being genuine

C

7.Which type of the document below does not belong to the classification of product specification?

• A. Finacial product specification
• B. Agricultural prodcut specification
• C. Publishing product specification(发布产品规范)
• D. Industrail product specification

C

8.The classification of stantard documents can be drawn according to the range of thier application,thus they are classified in terms of the following except for:

• A. Regional standard
• B. National standards
• C. Technical standards
• D. International standards

C

9.Which of the following criteria(标准) is not the criterion used to classify technical report?

• A. In terms of amount of money
• B. In terms of scope of circulation(流通范围，使用范围)
• C. In terms of progress of research
• D. Interms of contents

A

10.Which of the following is not one of the four well-known American technical reports?

• A. DOE
• B. INTERIM
• C. AD
• D. NASA

B

11.How many years would a patent be protected?

• A. 20
• B. 30
• C. 40
• D. 10

A

Chapter 2

1.Which of the following scientists should be the listed as the top one?

• A. h-index=60
• B. h-index=90
• c. h-index=780
• D. h-index=39

C

2.The intensions of academic journals are the following except for:

• A. To lead the research directions
• B. To dissminate academic informatoin
• C. To cultivate talents
• D. To help researchers get promoted

D

3.Journal metrics can be used in academic (用于) to

• A. all of other three
• B. measure the prestige associated with the journal
• C. reflect the place of the a journal within(在内) its field
• D. evaluate an academic journal’s impact and quality

A

4.which metrics is used to measure the productivity and impact of anauthor?

• A. Cited Half-life
• B. Eigenfactor
• C. CiteScore
• D. H-factor

D

5.how many digits does ISBN after 2007?

• A. 11
• B. 22
• C. 13
• D. 10

C
the length of the ISBN been 13 from 11 after 2007

6.which of the following citation indexes was not originally published by the institute for scientific information?

• A. EI
• B. SSCI
• C. A&HCI
• D.SCI

A
Just remeber it

7.generally speaking,which two types can be abbreviations(缩写) be classified into?

• A. Initials and acronyms
• B. Contraction and short forms
• C. Single-letter abbreviations and multiple-letter abbreviations
• D. Sylabic abbreviations and alphabetic abbreviations

D.音节缩写和字母缩写

8.which of the following abbreviations is not correct?

• A. J-journal
• B. M-monograph
• C. D-dissertation
• D. C-chapter

D

9.which of the following is not the suitake tool for you to search for the top journals,top conferences and top author?

• A. CNKI(中国知网)
• B. Microsoft academic search
• C. Web of science
• D. GPO

D

10.The influence of an author can be evaluate by the following facotrs except for

• A. Citation index
• B. G-index
• C. JCR
• D. H-index

C

11.Journal metrics can be used in academic circles to

• A. all of the other three
• B. evaluate and academic journal’ impact and quality
• C. reflect the place of a journal wiothin its field
• D. measure the prestige associated with the journal

A

Chapter 3

1.what do you use the software of Note-express for?

• A. for reading novels
• B. for literature searching and management
• C. for caculating
• D. for listing to lectures

B

2.which function of the below is not listed a sone of the funtions of Endonate?

• A. inserting references in word editor
• B. taking a note in the form of a photo
• C. linking to many databases
• D. supporting downloading overseas literature

B

3.Zotero is similar to EndNote in some aspects,but different in that

• A. it is inserted in internet surfer
• B. it is used for exporting references
• C. it is used for managing scientific documents
• D. it is used for collecting scientific documents

A

Chapter 4

1.the follwing words are regarded as derivation(派生) formation except for:

• A. transmitter
• B. hydrocarbon
• C. breakthrough
• D. biomedical

C

2.which nominalization(名词化) of the below is not listed as transforming a verb into a noun?

• A. evolution
• B. stability
• C. investment
• D. proposal(建议)

B

3.which of the following is not the morpheme or suffixation indicated as illness?

• A. gasropsia
• B. gastritis
• C. gastrosis
• D. gastronomy

D.美食

4.which transitional(过渡) word of the below is to interpret as the meaing of contrast?

• A. whereas
• B. corespondingly
• C. there upon
• D. accordingly

A

5.which of the following is not the usage of lexical metaphor in scientific literature?

• A. snail wheel
• B. sunflower disk
• C. rail bed
• D. output width

D

Chapter 5

1.Which type of title does this title “Application of sliding mode in the construction of reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土)” belong to?

• A. descriptive
• B. declaration
• C. compound(复合)
• D. interrogative(疑问)

A

2.When you read phrases in the introduction section of a research article, such as “little is, however, known about participants views of”, you will know that the following contents might possibly be about:

• A. what other researchers have already doen
• B. preparing for the present research problem by pointing out the research gap
• C. the main theme of the paper
• D. what the researcher has finished

B

3.The following contents are the major contents in the research method section, except for:

• A. the data analysis
• B. the analytical method of data
• C. materials used in the study
• D. the procedure

A

4.Based on purpose,reasearch methods can be classified into the following

• A. developmental research
• B. statistical research
• C. basic research
• D, applied research

B

5.Ethical issue(人体组织) will be involved if the research subjects are except for:

• A. human tissues
• B. buildings
• C. humans
• D. fetuses(胎儿)

B

6.The result section of a research article usually presents the research finding in form of non-verbal language which is:

• A. tables and figures
• B. drawings
• C. copies
• D. explainations

A

7.which move is not included in the disussion section of a research article?

• A. answering the questions proposed in the study
• B. analzing and discuss the results
• C. discussing the rationale(基本原理) of doing the research
• D. interpreting(解读) the results of research

C

8.The major difference between fact description and opinion description is that an opinion is described by the following means except for:

• A. numbers
• B. tentative(暂定) verbs
• C. modal(情态) adjectives
• D. modal verbs

A

9.The functions of references are the follows except for:

• A. to help readers learn about the importance of the journal
• B. to help readers learn about the time range of the cited texts
• C. to help readers learn about the authors cited
• D. to help readers evaluate the level and quality of the paper

A. 参考文献通常用于引用支持论文的其他文献，而不是直接用于描述期刊本身的重要性

10.In the acknowledgement section of a research paper, what was thanked usually include except for:

• A. leaders of your school
• B. most important teachers
• C. financial aids
• D. financial support from a foundation

A

Chapter 6

1.The differences between a research article and a review article mainly falls on:

• A. the number of researches covered in the article
• B. the literature section
• C. the conclusion section
• D. the difference between primary research and secondary research

D

2.Based on timeline, review articles are classified into retrospective review(回顾性综述) and prospective review(前瞻性综述), while the retrospective review focuses on the historical development of the research area, the prospective review focuses on:

• A. facts about a research
• B. the debates existing in a certain research area
• C. new and future development in a certain research area
• D. the results achieved in a certain researcharea

C

3.When we read a contentious review article, what is the focus of the review?

• A. different studies conducted on one technology
• B. different properties of one technology
• C. different ideas and opinions towards one conduct
• D. different stages(阶段) of development of a technology

C.contentious review article:有争议的评论文章

4.The differences between a macro-review(宏观审查) and a micro-review(微观审查) are drawn based on:

• A. number of articles reviewed
• B. the scope of the reviewed contents
• C. the timeline of the reviewed contents
• D. authors of the reviewed articles

B

*5.The section that follows the introduction section in a research article is the method section, but what follows the introduction section in a review article is often the:

• A. discussion section
• B. references
• C. main body section
• D. conclusion section

C 评论性论文在介绍部分结束后就是主体部分

6.In the abstract of a review article, there are usually five moves, after the move of indicating the reviewed focus, what might follow closely is the move that describes:

• A. the reviewed details
• B. the conclusion
• C. the background
• D. the significance of the review

A. 先总的来说摘要的关注点，在分开详细说明摘要细节

7.When the author wants to introduce some relevant studies that others have done, he or she would usually use the following phrases except for:

• A. considerable(大量) researches were conducted
• B. the focus of this review paper is on…
• C. some research works published in the last years on this subject indicate…
• D. contributions have been made by

B. 用别人的东西肯定要指明，而不是占别人的资源

8.‌The main body section of a review article usually does not have fixed moves, but rather indicate the reviewed details by use of:

• A. indicative words
• B. some key words
• C. some directions
• D. sub-sections with sub-tiles

D

*9.When you read a review article, it is much easier to follow the subtitles of each section for reviewed contents, but also you can follow:

• A. the concluded contents
• B. some lexical signals(词汇信号)
• C. the author’s writing style
• D. each paragraph

B

10. “To overcome these barriers, collaboration between research institutions, industry, government, and other stakeholders is essential.” In this sentence, the underlined phrases indicate:

• A. the reviewed problem
• B. what is needed to be done in the future
• C. the review’s significance
• D. the review’s significance

B

翻译

一、

The purpose of this book is to introduce you to these fundamental ideas, models, and results that permeate computer science, the basic paradigms of our field.

该书的目的是向读者介绍贯穿于计算机科学的基本思想、模型以及结果，也就是该领域的基本范例。

二、

Brightness estimating is a skill honed by practice and experience.  (from Alan MacRobert: The lure of variable stars)

估计亮度的技巧是通过实践与经验而练就的。

三、

This theory led to the inclusion of abreaction（情绪宣泄法） as a part of the dominant treatment paradigm for trauma disorders.  (from Leonard Holmes: Abreaction: The Baby of the Bathwater- Part I.)

该理论使得情绪宣泄法成为治疗损伤性精神紊乱典范疗法的一部分。

四、

If  your observations show a scatter of 0.5 magnitude（星等）, you’ll soon be burning with curiosity about whether the star really changes that much or whether it’s all in your eyes.

如果你的观察结果有0.5星等的出入，你就会好奇地急于知道到底是那颗星星真的变了那么多，还是仅仅由于你眼睛的原因。

五、

No one was able to visualize the implications or the implementation of the prediction of laser. 

当时，没有人能够想象得出来对激光的预言意味着什么以及怎样实现。

六、

While many people believe that wireless portable computers are the wave of the future, at least one dissenting voice has been heard.  (from Microsoft MCSE textbook: Network Essentials)

许多人都认为无线手提电脑是未来的发展趋势（或“未来的潮流”），但是，现在至少已听到了一种不同意见。

七、

The system will be built on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software product.

这个系统的基础是从开发现有的成套软件产品中所获得的知识和经验。

八、

Besides, they are so much a part of the history and the “collective subconscious” of our field that it is hard to understand computer science without  first being exposed to them.  (from Computer Algorithm)

此外，它们（那些基本思想）是我们这个领域（计算机科学）的历史和“集体潜意识”中如此重要的一部分，以至于如果不先了解它们，就很难理解计算机科学。

九、

Other scientists of the brain, noting that disease and physical damage can change personally and distort the mind, believe the brain to be nothing more than a fantastically complex computer.

其他研究大脑的科学家，因为注意到疾病和身体上的损伤会改变人的性格，扭曲人的思想，因此认为人脑只不过是一台非常复杂的电脑。

十、

 If the stone was blue and it gave copper, the relationship between the color and product should have been obvious. 

如果石头呈蓝色，又能炼出铜的话，那么在颜色和产品之间显然应该存在着一定的关系。

In order to obtain accurate indication of range, the linear sweep of the cathode-ray tube must be timed presently.

为了精确地指明距离，阴极射线管的线性扫描必须计时。

十一、

The SiS730S chipset is priced at $42 in 10,000-unit lots. Samples are available, according to the company.  (from EBN news IC to support AMD MPUs, August 14 2000)

SiS730S 芯片组批量为10，000套的价格为每套42美元。可向公司索取样品。

十二、

For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.

我们在二十年里坐视原料价格暴跌和工业品价格暴涨。

十三、

Radar transmitters range in power from levels of milliwatts to megawatts.

雷达发射机的功率变化范围在微瓦到兆瓦之间。

十四、

The discovering of the tunnel diode（隧道效应二极管） demonstrated the first convincing evidence of the electron tunneling in solids.

研制成隧道效应二极管第一次令人信服地证明了电子在固体中的隧道效应。

十五、

More than three years have passed since Comet Hale-Bopp, our last naked-eye comet, graced the evening sky for Northern Hemisphere observers.  (from John E. Bortle: Comet LINEAR’s Summer Show)

三年多以前， 北半球的天文观测者们在夜空中看到了Hale-Bopp 彗星优雅的身影， 它是我们能用肉眼看到的最后一颗彗星。

十六、

There are in fact three types of PCMCIA cards, PCMCIA slots also come three sizes.

PCMCIA 卡共有三种。和卡一样，PCMCIA 插槽/卡槽也有三种

To meet customer demands for high-speed digital transmission through conventional telephone lines, Anolog Devices and Partmer Aware, Inc., have created the first chipset that conforms to the new Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) standard.

为了满足用户使用传统电话线进行高速数字传输的需求，Anolog Devices and Partmer Aware 公司开发出了第一种符合ADSL（非对称数字用户线）标准的芯片组。

十七、

The software-centric design of the X-router/firewall products puts very few requirements on the hardware architecture.

X路由器/防火墙是以软件为中心的（基于软件的），对硬件结构几乎没有什么要求。

The SiS730S also supports as many as 32 languages, the company said.

该公司说，SiS730S还可以支持多达32种语言。

十八、

Since the routing algorithm was introduced in 1997, it has not had an equal on the market. And in the world of the Internet, three years' lead is a lot.

自从1997年路由选择算法推出以来，至今市场上还没有产品能和它匹敌。在因特网领域里能够领先三年，实属不易。

The WAN group is considered to be outside the foucus applications.

他们认为WAN工作组和公司的主流应用无关。

 十九、

For many years, stainless steel had been used for small things only.            

过去很多年里，不锈钢仅用来制造小物件。

Each dot of light is translated by the camera tube into an electronic signal

每个光点都由摄像管转换成电子信号。

Sometimes the communications would be seriously disturbed by solar spots.

通信有事受到太阳黑子的干扰。

The source program is written by the programmer.

源程序由程序员编写。

Substances that alow electricity to flow through freely are called conductors.

电流能顺利通过的物质称为导体。

The conductivity of this material increases as the temperature increases.

随着温度的上升，该材料的电导率也增加。

二十、

Heat is developed whenever friction forces are present.

只要摩擦力存在就会产生热。

A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.

若无外力的作用， 静止的物体不会移动。

Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.

如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。

So long as the units are the same on both sides of the qual sign, we have a valid equation.

只要等号两面的单位相同，我们就得到了一个能成立的等式。

All substances, whether they are gaseous, liquid or solid, are made of atoms.

一切物质，不论是气体，液体，还是固体，均有原子构成。

总结

十二月的猫在这里预祝山东大学的学弟学妹们都能在科技文献阅读与翻译课程中取得好成绩！！！

期末考试过过过！！高分得得得！！

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