[Go 微服务] Kratos 验证码业务

1.环境准备

protoc和protoc-gen-go插件安装和kratos工具安装

1. protoc下载

   • 下载二进制文件：https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases 下拉到最下方下载系统对应的版本，将解压出来bin目录下的protoc.exe拷贝到GOPATH的bin目录下。
   • 查看protoc版本：protoc --version。
   • 

2. protoc-gen-go插件安装

   • protoc是针对所有语言开发的，protoc-gen-go是专门针对go语言开发，因为是使用go语言开发的，所以直接使用go install就可以进行安装，安装后在GOPATH的bin沐目录下就会有对应的二进制文件。
   • go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@latest，版本验证protoc-gen-go --version
   • go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc@latest，版本验证protoc-gen-go-grpc --version
   • 
   • 

3. kratos工具安装

   • kratos也是go语言编写的，帮助我们快速生成代码的，直接go install安装即可，安装完成也会在GOPATH的bin目录中生成二进制文件。
   • 安装命令：go install github.com/go-kratos/kratos/cmd/kratos/v2@latest
   • 版本验证：kratos -v
   • 
   • 

2.验证码服务

2.1 kratos 初始化验证码服务项目

kratos new kratos-demo03

PS E:\java\go_code> kratos new kratos-demo03
🚀 Creating service kratos-demo03, layout repo is https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos-layout.git, please wait a moment.Already up to date.CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\.gitignore (590 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\Dockerfile (483 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\LICENSE (1087 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\Makefile (2608 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\README.md (1113 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\api\helloworld\v1\error_reason.pb.go (5126 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\api\helloworld\v1\error_reason.proto (306 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\api\helloworld\v1\greeter.pb.go (8299 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\api\helloworld\v1\greeter.proto (711 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\api\helloworld\v1\greeter_grpc.pb.go (3667 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\api\helloworld\v1\greeter_http.pb.go (2213 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\cmd\kratos-demo03\main.go (1834 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\cmd\kratos-demo03\wire.go (645 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\cmd\kratos-demo03\wire_gen.go (1121 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\configs\config.yaml (306 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\go.mod (1301 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\go.sum (9022 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\biz\README.md (7 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\biz\biz.go (134 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\biz\greeter.go (1285 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\conf\conf.pb.go (21434 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\conf\conf.proto (805 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\data\README.md (8 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\data\data.go (500 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\data\greeter.go (880 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\server\grpc.go (867 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\server\http.go (872 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\server\server.go (158 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\service\README.md (11 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\service\greeter.go (723 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\internal\service\service.go (142 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\openapi.yaml (1169 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\README.md (15 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\errors\errors.proto (428 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\api\annotations.proto (1082 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\api\client.proto (3495 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\api\field_behavior.proto (3090 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\api\http.proto (15515 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\api\httpbody.proto (2748 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\any.proto (6067 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\api.proto (7942 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\compiler\plugin.proto (8937 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\descriptor.proto (39418 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\duration.proto (5011 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\empty.proto (2481 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\field_mask.proto (8430 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\source_context.proto (2389 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\struct.proto (3874 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\timestamp.proto (6606 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\type.proto (6313 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\google\protobuf\wrappers.proto (4165 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\openapi\v3\annotations.proto (2254 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\openapi\v3\openapi.proto (22754 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\validate\README.md (84 bytes)
CREATED E:\java\go_code\kratos-demo03\third_party\validate\validate.proto (32133 bytes)🍺 Project creation succeeded kratos-demo03
$ cd kratos-demo03
$ go generate ./...
$ go build -o ./bin/ ./...
$ ./bin/kratos-demo03 -conf ./configs🤝 Thanks for using Kratos📚 Tutorial: https://go-kratos.dev/docs/getting-started/start🤝 Thanks for using Kratos📚 Tutorial: https://go-kratos.dev/docs/getting-started/start

# 进入项目目录，拉取依赖\
cd kratos-demo03
go mod tidy# 安装wire工具：kratos使用了依赖注入来生成相关的代码，所以运行项目前也需要安装
go get github.com/google/wire/cmd/wire# 生成了wire_gen.go
go generate ./...

# 项目运行
kratos run

以上的layout的目录布局，仅仅是kratos推荐的项目目录布局方式

2.2 使用 Protobuf 定义验证码生成接口

1. 定义 protobuf 文件说明接口
2. 利用 protoc 基于 protobuf 生成必要代码
3. 将生成的代码整合到项目中
4. 完善业务逻辑

kratos proto add api/verifyCode/verifyCode.proto

syntax = "proto3";package api.verifyCode;
// 生成的go代码所在的包
option go_package = "kratos-demo03/api/verifyCode;verifyCode";
// 定义 VerifyCode 服务
service VerifyCode {rpc GetVerifyCode (GetVerifyCodeRequest) returns (GetVerifyCodeReply);
}
// 类型常量
enum TYPE {DEFAULT = 0;DIGIT = 1;LETTER = 2;MIXED = 3;
};
// 定义 GetVerifyCodeRequest 消息
message GetVerifyCodeRequest {//    验证码长度uint32 length = 1;// 验证码类型TYPE type = 2;}
// 定义 GetVerifyCodeReply 消息
message GetVerifyCodeReply {//    生成的验证码string code = 1;
}

基于verifyCode.proto生成 client（Stub）相关代码

• kratos proto client api/verifyCode/verifyCode.proto
• api/verifyCode/verifyCode.pb.go：类型定义代码
• api/verifyCode/verifyCode_grpc.pb.go：gRPC服务定义代码

基于verifyCode.proto文件生成 grpc服务代码

• kratos proto server api/verifyCode/verifyCode.proto -t internal/service
• -t 选项指定生成文件所在位置，代码会生成在internal/service目录中的internal/service/verifycode.go
• internal/service/verifycode.go该文件定义了最基本的 VerifyCode 服务和对应的 GetVerifyCode 方法

package serviceimport ("context"pb "kratos-demo03/api/verifyCode"
)type VerifyCodeService struct {pb.UnimplementedVerifyCodeServer
}func NewVerifyCodeService() *VerifyCodeService {return &VerifyCodeService{}
}func (s *VerifyCodeService) GetVerifyCode(ctx context.Context, req *pb.GetVerifyCodeRequest) (*pb.GetVerifyCodeReply, error) {return &pb.GetVerifyCodeReply{}, nil
}

将生成的服务代码注册到 gRPC 服务中

• 更新 internal/service/service.go 文件
• 
• 告知 wire 依赖注入系统，如果需要 VerifyCodeService 的话，使用NewVerifyCodeService 函数来构建

将 VerifyCodeService 注册到 gRPC 服务中

• 更新 internal/server/grpc.go 文件
• 

package serverimport (v1 "kratos-demo03/api/helloworld/v1""kratos-demo03/api/verifyCode""kratos-demo03/internal/conf""kratos-demo03/internal/service""github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/log""github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/middleware/recovery""github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2/transport/grpc"
)// NewGRPCServer new a gRPC server.
func NewGRPCServer(c *conf.Server, greeter *service.GreeterService, verifyCodeService *service.VerifyCodeService, logger log.Logger) *grpc.Server {var opts = []grpc.ServerOption{grpc.Middleware(recovery.Recovery(),),}if c.Grpc.Network != "" {opts = append(opts, grpc.Network(c.Grpc.Network))}if c.Grpc.Addr != "" {opts = append(opts, grpc.Address(c.Grpc.Addr))}if c.Grpc.Timeout != nil {opts = append(opts, grpc.Timeout(c.Grpc.Timeout.AsDuration()))}srv := grpc.NewServer(opts...)v1.RegisterGreeterServer(srv, greeter)verifyCode.RegisterVerifyCodeServer(srv, verifyCodeService)return srv
}

生成依赖注入代码：go generate ./...

kratos run

建立ApiPost的项目

2.3 业务逻辑代码实现

1. GetVerifyCode方法中添加code返回
2. 添加RandCode方法，返回测试字符串"result"
3. kratos启动测试

package serviceimport ("context"pb "kratos-demo03/api/verifyCode"
)type VerifyCodeService struct {pb.UnimplementedVerifyCodeServer
}func NewVerifyCodeService() *VerifyCodeService {return &VerifyCodeService{}
}func (s *VerifyCodeService) GetVerifyCode(ctx context.Context, req *pb.GetVerifyCodeRequest) (*pb.GetVerifyCodeReply, error) {return &pb.GetVerifyCodeReply{Code: RandCode(int(req.Length), req.Type),}, nil
}func RandCode(l int, t pb.TYPE) string {return "result"
}

// RandCode 开放的被调用的方法，用于区分类型
func RandCode(l int, t pb.TYPE) string {switch t {case pb.TYPE_DEFAULT:fallthroughcase pb.TYPE_DIGIT:return randCode("0123456789", l)case pb.TYPE_LETTER:return randCode("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", l)case pb.TYPE_MIXED:return randCode("0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", l)}return ""
}// randCode 随机的核心方法
func randCode(chars string, l int) string {charsLen := len(chars)result := make([]byte, l)for i := 0; i < l; i++ {// 核心函数 生成[0,n]的整型随机数randIndex := rand.Intn(charsLen)result[i] = chars[randIndex]}return string(result)
}