解决Mac系统Python3.12版本pip安装报错error: externally-managed-environment的问题

遇到的问题

在Mac安装了Python3.12.x版本（3.12.3、3.12.4）后，当尝试pip3 install xxx的时候，总是报错：error: externally-managed-environment

error: externally-managed-environment× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try brew installxyz, where xyz is the package you are trying toinstall.If you wish to install a Python library that isn't in Homebrew,use a virtual environment:python3 -m venv path/to/venvsource path/to/venv/bin/activatepython3 -m pip install xyzIf you wish to install a Python application that isn't in Homebrew,it may be easiest to use 'pipx install xyz', which will manage avirtual environment for you. You can install pipx withbrew install pipxYou may restore the old behavior of pip by passingthe '--break-system-packages' flag to pip, or by adding'break-system-packages = true' to your pip.conf file. The latterwill permanently disable this error.If you disable this error, we STRONGLY recommend that you additionallypass the '--user' flag to pip, or set 'user = true' in your pip.conffile. Failure to do this can result in a broken Homebrew installation.Read more about this behavior here: <https://peps.python.org/pep-0668/>note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

解决方法

通过which python3找到对应的目录，进入目录后，删除EXTERNALLY-MANAGED这个文件即可：

cd /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.12/3.12.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12
rm -r EXTERNALLY-MANAGED

再次pip install xxx则不会再报错了。