当前位置: 首页 > news >正文

STM32-HAL库开发快速入门

注:本文主要记录一下STM32CubeMX软件的使用流程,记录内容以STM32外设(中断、I2C、USART、SPI等配置)在STM32CubeMX中的设置为主,对驱动代码编写不做记录,所以阅读本文最好有标准库开发经验。除第2节外,使用的都是韦东山老师的瑞士军刀系列。

01 软件安装

1.keil

需要安装以下支持包(keil在线安装里没有对应芯片支持包)。

2.STM32CubeMX

安装库:

3.串口助手

02 HAL库点灯操作

2.1 硬件连接

该原理图来源于学益得在线课堂教学项目《RTOS项目实战:从PCB到FreeRTOS|手写MQTT》。

DAPLINK电路连接:

(1)程序下载:

单片机SCK————DAPLINK的SCK

单片机SWK————DAPLINK的SWD

(2)串口连接

单片机TX————DAPLINK的RX

单片机RX————DAPLINK的TX

单片机GND————DAPLINK的GND

单片机3V3————DAPLINK的3V3

单片机ReSet————DAPLINK的RST

2.2 寄存器点灯 

2.2.1 官网下载库文件 

ST公司官网:

STSW-STM32065 - STM32F4 DSP and standard peripherals library - STMicroelectronics

2.2.2 创建工程 

(1)新建工程

(2)复制启动文件到工程 

记得将文件组添加到路径中: 

 此时编译运行会有错误,需要进行以下处理:

(3)配置RCC时钟 

如果我们需要点亮PB10引脚上的LED,让PB10等于1即可: 

与STM32F1系列不同,STM32所有的GPIO都挂载再AHB总线上,所以配置GPIO的RCC时钟时,配置的是AHB的时钟。 

(4)配置PB10引脚为输出模式 

(5)配置PB10引脚为推挽输出

(6)配置PB10引脚为输出高电平 

(7)main.c

#include <stm32f411xe.h>                  // 我们没有把所有启动文件都复制进来,所以用<>
//#include "stm32f4xx.h"                  // Device headerint main()
{//使能时钟RCC->AHB1ENR = 0X00000002;     //使能挂载在AHB上的PB10时钟//配置引脚模式GPIOB->MODER = 0x00100000;     //配置PB10为输出模式//配置输出模式GPIOB->OTYPER = 0x00000000;    //配置PB10引脚为推挽输出模式//配置输出的值GPIOB->ODR = 0x00000400;       //配置PB10引脚输出高电平while(1);	
}void SystemInit()
{}

注意:keil代码文件最后一行必须是空行,编译才不会有问题。 下载程序时注意以下几个问题:

(1)注意切换调试工具

(2)使用微库,就是简易版本的C库、使用C语言,开发的时候需要勾选“Use MicroLIB”

2.3 CubeMX创建工程 

寄存器开发:优点:程序执行的效率高;缺点:开发效率低。

库开发:标准库   HAL库(需要借助CubeMX)

新建工程

RCC(时钟源)配置

晶振频率越高,功耗越高,因此提供了两个晶振供选择。

上图这里配置的是外部晶振,我们这个案例不需要用到,因为配不配置都行。

输入100后会自动匹配其它系数 ,由内部晶振分频输出。

2.4 HAL库点灯

使用CuberMX创建完工程后,可用keil打开相应keil工程,修改源码。 

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();       // 使能GPIOB的时钟.注意:时钟使能一定要在GPIO配置完成前GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; //设置gPIOB为推挽输出GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;          //使用PB10引脚GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;         //配置GPIO引脚不需要上拉GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW; //配置GPIO输出速度为低速HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStruct);       //使用结构体配置GPIOB 	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_SET);  //将PB10置为高电平/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 100;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief GPIO Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 *//* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

注意: 

2.5 CubeMX配置GPIO 

直接用CubeMX配置点亮LED。

这里CubeMx实现了将PB0、PB1、PB2、PB10全部置为高电平,推挽输出模式,点亮4颗LED灯。配置完后直接用keil打开下载程序即可运行

2.6 GPIO反转操作(流水灯实现)

(1)工程配置

(2)GPIO.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.c* @brief   This file provides code for the configuration*          of all used GPIO pins.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "gpio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Configure GPIO                                                             */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//** Configure pins as* Analog* Input* Output* EVENT_OUT* EXTI
*/
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE(); }/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/*LED的初始化函数*/
void My_Led_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Init_Struct;GPIO_Init_Struct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;   //配置GPIO为推挽输出GPIO_Init_Struct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2;       //选中GPIOB上的PB0 PB1 PB2 PB10GPIO_Init_Struct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_Init_Struct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();            //开启GPIOB的时钟//初始化 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB10HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_Init_Struct);	
}
/*LED的翻转函数*/
void My_Led_Tooggle(void)
{uint8_t i;for(i=0;i<4;i++){switch(i){case 0:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10);    //翻转PB10引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10);    //翻转PB10引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);break;case 1:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2);     //翻转PB2引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2);     //翻转PB2引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msbreak;case 2:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1);     //翻转PB1引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1);     //翻转PB1引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msbreak;case 3:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0);     //翻转PB0引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0);     //翻转PB0引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msbreak;}	}
}
/* USER CODE END 2 */

 (3)GPIO.h

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.h* @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for*          the gpio.c file******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines *//* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_GPIO_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */
void My_Led_Init(void);
void My_Led_Tooggle(void);
/* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /*__ GPIO_H__ */

(4)main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */My_Led_Init();	/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */My_Led_Tooggle();/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 100;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

2.7 GPIO输入(两个按键开关灯)

1个按键开灯,另一个关灯

(1)新建3.key工程

(2)GPIO.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.c* @brief   This file provides code for the configuration*          of all used GPIO pins.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "gpio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Configure GPIO                                                             */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//** Configure pins as* Analog* Input* Output* EVENT_OUT* EXTI
*/
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();}/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* LED初始化函数 */
void My_Led_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Init_Structure;GPIO_Init_Structure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;          //配置推挽输出GPIO_Init_Structure.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_Init_Structure.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;    //无需上下拉GPIO_Init_Structure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();         //开启GPIOB的时钟HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_Init_Structure);
}/* 按键初始化函数 */
void My_Key_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Init_Structure;GPIO_Init_Structure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;          //输入模式,检测按键状态GPIO_Init_Structure.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4 | GPIO_PIN_5;GPIO_Init_Structure.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;    //无需上下拉GPIO_Init_Structure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
//	__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();             //在CubeMX自动生成的MX_GPIO_Init已经开启GPIOA的时钟,无需再次开启HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_Init_Structure);
}
/* 开灯函数 */
void My_Led_ON()
{HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_SET);   //给PB10一个高电平,开灯
}
/* 关灯函数 */
void My_Led_OFF()
{HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_RESET); //给PB10一个低电平,关灯
}
/* 按键扫描函数 */
uint8_t My_Key_Scan(void)
{GPIO_PinState state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_4);   //检测接在PA4上按键状态if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)       //如果按键脚低电平,按键按下{HAL_Delay(20);        //延时20ms,软件消抖if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)return 1;}state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);   //检测接在PA5上按键状态if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)       //如果按键脚低电平,按键按下{HAL_Delay(20);        //延时20ms,软件消抖if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)return 2;}return 0;              //没有按键按下时候返回0}/* USER CODE END 2 */

(3)GPIO.h

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.h* @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for*          the gpio.c file******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines *//* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_GPIO_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */
/* LED初始化函数 */
void My_Led_Init(void);
/* 按键初始化函数 */
void My_Key_Init(void);
/* 开灯函数 */
void My_Led_ON();
/* 关灯函数 */
void My_Led_OFF();
/* 按键扫描函数 */
uint8_t My_Key_Scan(void);
/* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /*__ GPIO_H__ */

(4)main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */My_Led_Init();My_Key_Init();/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */switch(My_Key_Scan())    //获取键值{case 1:{My_Led_ON();   //开灯break;}case 2:{My_Led_OFF();  //关灯break;}case 0:break;}/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 100;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

上面我们学习了HAL库开发的基本操作,下面我们就来学习HAL库开发的外设操作吧。

03 GPIO中断编程

这节我们主要记录一下STM32CubeMX中中断配置。

(1)配置相应引脚为中断模式

(2)配置中断引脚触发方式和工作模式

(3)使能中断向量控制器

(4)设置中断优先级分组

江协科技STM32学习笔记(第04章 EXTI外部中断)_江协科技笔记-CSDN博客

勾选与不勾选的区别就是:左边是勾选上的,外设GPIO初始化完成后才初始化NVIC,右边是未勾选的,在GPIO里面就初始化了NVIC。 

配置完以上几步就可以生成代码了。

 (5)编写中断函数

使用HAL库配置的所有中断最终都会调用这个弱函数,我们和中断相关的代码都放这个函数里就可以了。

执行过程为:

 在这个回调函数里编写我们自己的中断控制程序。 

04 使用OLED进行调试

OLED使用I2C进行通信,所以这节的目的是为了了解I2C引脚的配置。

这里STM32CubeMX里就配置好了。

将OLED的驱动程序添加进工程里就可以使用oled了。

使用就是很常规的调用驱动里相关函数就行,就不记录了。 

05 按键抖动处理

处理按键抖动的时候我们可能会使用延时函数,隔一段时间再判断一下电平,但是中断函数的要求是快进快出,在中断函数里使用延时函数,显示有点违背了这条准则,本节就是记录如何解决这个问题。 使用定时器来解决这个问题,定时器是如以下3个图这样来调用的。

这个定时器每1ms产生一次中断, 增加一个计数值。

使用以下函数获得计数值。 

先定义相关的变量。 

struct soft_timer{uint32_t timeout;           //超时时间void *args;                 //给成员func用的参数void (*func)(void *);       //超时函数
};
/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
int g_key_cnt = 0;
void key_timerout_func(void *args);struct soft_timer key_timer = {~0,NULL,key_timerout_func};     //按键超时时间结构体定义

只要触发中断,将超时时间设置为当前时间+10。

void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_14){	mod_timer(&key_timer,10);                     //中断函数里修改超时时间为当前时间+10}
}

void mod_timer(struct soft_timer *pTimer,uint32_t timeout)
{pTimer->timeout = HAL_GetTick()+timeout;         //超时时间等于当前计数值加上10,就是每次触发中断都等待10ms再检测        
}

 SysTick_Handler()会每隔1ms计数一次,并且检查定时时间有没有到。

void SysTick_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */HAL_IncTick();                            //没过1ms都会产生一次中断/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */extern void check_timer(void);check_timer();                            //调用check_timer检查按键定时器的时间有没有到了/* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */
}

void check_timer(void)
{if(key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick())            /*如果按键定时器的时间是否到了,这里key_timer.timeout的最大值是最后一次按键抖动触发的中断时间+10,key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick()就移位着我的按键已经达到稳定状态了*/{key_timer.func(key_timer.args);         //按键达到稳定状态后把案件定时器状态归位}
}

void key_timerout_func(void *args)
{g_key_cnt++;                                               // 统计按键按下的次数key_timer.timeout= ~0;	                                   //每次计数完都给按键定时时间复位
}

 完整代码:

main.c:

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "driver_oled.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */  
struct soft_timer{uint32_t timeout;           //超时时间void *args;                 //给成员func用的参数void (*func)(void *);       //超时函数
};
/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
int g_key_cnt = 0;
void key_timerout_func(void *args);struct soft_timer key_timer = {~0,NULL,key_timerout_func};     //按键超时时间结构体定义void key_timerout_func(void *args)
{g_key_cnt++;                                               // 统计按键按下的次数key_timer.timeout= ~0;	                                   //每次计数完都给按键定时时间复位
}void mod_timer(struct soft_timer *pTimer,uint32_t timeout)
{pTimer->timeout = HAL_GetTick()+timeout;         //超时时间等于当前计数值加上10,就是每次触发中断都等待10ms再检测        
}void check_timer(void)
{if(key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick())            /*如果按键定时器的时间是否到了,这里key_timer.timeout的最大值是最后一次按键抖动触发的中断时间+10,key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick()就移位着我的按键已经达到稳定状态了*/{key_timer.func(key_timer.args);         //按键达到稳定状态后把案件定时器状态归位}
}void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_14){	mod_timer(&key_timer,10);                     //中断函数里修改超时时间为当前时间+10}
}
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_I2C1_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */OLED_Init();OLED_Clear();OLED_PrintString(0, 4, "Key ISR cnt = ");/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){
//		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_SET);          //PC13口置高电平,点亮LED
//		HAL_Delay(500);                                             //延时500ms
//		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_RESET);          //PC13口置高电平,点亮LED
//		HAL_Delay(500);OLED_PrintSignedVal(14, 4, g_key_cnt);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

stm32f1xx_it.c :

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    stm32f1xx_it.c* @brief   Interrupt Service Routines.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_it.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN TD *//* USER CODE END TD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//* External variables --------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN EV *//* USER CODE END EV *//******************************************************************************/
/*           Cortex-M3 Processor Interruption and Exception Handlers          */
/******************************************************************************/
/*** @brief This function handles Non maskable interrupt.*/
void NMI_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */while (1){}/* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles Hard fault interrupt.*/
void HardFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END HardFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Memory management fault.*/
void MemManage_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Prefetch fault, memory access fault.*/
void BusFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END BusFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Undefined instruction or illegal state.*/
void UsageFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END UsageFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles System service call via SWI instruction.*/
void SVC_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles Debug monitor.*/
void DebugMon_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles Pendable request for system service.*/
void PendSV_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles System tick timer.*/
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */HAL_IncTick();                            //没过1ms都会产生一次中断/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */extern void check_timer(void);check_timer();                            //调用check_timer检查按键定时器的时间有没有到了/* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */
}/******************************************************************************/
/* STM32F1xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers                                    */
/* Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals.                  */
/* For the available peripheral interrupt handler names,                      */
/* please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32f1xx.s).                    */
/******************************************************************************//*** @brief This function handles EXTI line[15:10] interrupts.*/
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI15_10_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END EXTI15_10_IRQn 0 */HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler(GPIO_PIN_14);/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI15_10_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END EXTI15_10_IRQn 1 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 */

相关文章:

STM32-HAL库开发快速入门

注:本文主要记录一下STM32CubeMX软件的使用流程,记录内容以STM32外设&#xff08;中断、I2C、USART、SPI等配置&#xff09;在STM32CubeMX中的设置为主&#xff0c;对驱动代码编写不做记录&#xff0c;所以阅读本文最好有标准库开发经验。除第2节外&#xff0c;使用的都是韦东山…...

vue3-print打印eletable某一行的数据

主页面的表格 <template><el-table :data"list"><el-table-column label"操作" align"center"><template #default"scope"><el-buttonlinktype"primary"click"handleType(scope.row)"…...

【Vue】pnpm创建Vue3+Vite项目

初始化项目 &#xff08;1&#xff09;cmd切换到指定工作目录&#xff0c;运行pnpm create vue命令&#xff0c;输入项目名称后按需安装组件 &#xff08;2&#xff09;使用vs code打开所创建的项目目录&#xff0c;Ctrl~快捷键打开终端&#xff0c;输入pnpm install下载项目…...

springboot配置多数据源

springboot配置多数据源 学习新技术&#xff0c;争做新青年&#xff0c;欢迎围观&#xff0c;河南老乡在上海请&#xff0c;加&#xff0c;微&#xff0c;andyfau2022&#xff0c; ----获取数据源&#xff1a;null&#xff0c;数据源为null时默认使用主数据源的。 1-yml文件…...

无人叉车3d激光slam多房间建图定位异常处理方案-墙体画线地图切分方案

墙体画线地图切分方案 针对问题&#xff1a;墙体两侧特征混淆误匹配&#xff0c;导致建图和定位偏差&#xff0c;表现为过门跳变、外月台走歪等 解决思路&#xff1a;预期的根治方案IGICP需要较长时间完成上线&#xff0c;先使用切分地图的工程化方案&#xff0c;即墙体两侧切…...

ChatGPT+Simple Mind Map生成思维导图:快速提升学习效率

一、告别杂乱笔记&#xff0c;一键生成清晰思维导图&#xff01; 最近开始学习网络安全&#xff0c;一头扎进了各种协议、漏洞、防御机制的海洋中。信息量巨大&#xff0c;知识点零散&#xff0c;让我很快便陷入了“知识焦虑”——笔记越记越多&#xff0c;却越来越混乱&#…...

Day9 | Java框架 | SpringBoot

Day9 | Java框架 | SpringBoot SpringBoot简介入门程序概述起步依赖 基础配置配置文件格式&#xff1a;3种yaml语法规则yaml数据读取三种格式 多环境启动配置文件参数命令行参数多环境开发控制&#xff1a;Maven & SpringBoot 多环境兼容 配置文件分类&#xff1a;4种 整合…...

Wordpress右下角表单弹出插件

Ultimate Sticky Popup & Widgets Charcoal Making Machine | Equipment for Sale - Kingtiger...

影刀RPA实战:自动化批量生成条形码完整指南

今天我们聊聊使用影刀来实现批量生成条形码&#xff0c;条形码在零售行业运用非常广泛&#xff0c;主要作用表现在产品识别&#xff0c;库存管理&#xff0c;销售管理&#xff0c;防伪保护等&#xff0c;这些作用使其成为现代商业和工业环境中不可或缺的工具&#xff0c;它极大…...

Python Flask简介

简介 Flask 有两个主要依赖&#xff1a;路由、调试和 Web 服务器网关接口&#xff08;Web Server Gateway Interface&#xff0c;WSGI&#xff09; 子系统由&#xff1a;Werkzeug 提供模板系统由&#xff1a;Jinja2提供Werkzeug 和 Jinjia2 都是由 Flask 的核心开发者开发而成…...

视频监控平台是如何运作的?EasyCVR视频汇聚平台的高效策略与实践

随着科技的飞速发展&#xff0c;视频监控平台在社会安全、企业管理、智慧城市构建等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。一个高效的视频监控平台&#xff0c;不仅依赖于先进的硬件设备&#xff0c;更离不开强大的视频处理技术作为支撑。这些平台集成了多种先进的视频技术&#xff0c;…...

欧拉下搭建第三方软件仓库—docker

1.创建新的文件内容 切换目录到etc底下的yum.repos.d目录&#xff0c;创建docker-ce.repo文件 [rootlocalhost yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [rootlocalhost yum.repos.d]# vim docker-ce.repo 编辑文件,使用阿里源镜像源&#xff0c;镜像源在编辑中需要单独复制 h…...

pcs升压变流一体机

在当今全球积极推进能源转型的大背景下&#xff0c;新能源技术的发展日新月异。其中&#xff0c;PCS 升压变流一体机作为一种关键的能源转换设备&#xff0c;正发挥着越来越重要的作用。它一般可分为10KV与35KV等级的。 PCS 升压变流一体机&#xff0c;全称为 Power Conversion…...

上海泗博EtherNet/IP转PROFIBUS DP网关EPS-320IP成都地铁项目应用案例

背景&#xff1a; 地铁&#xff0c;作为城市的活力脉搏&#xff0c;不仅是衔接城市生活的关键纽带&#xff0c;更是现代城市交通体系中不可或缺的核心组成部分。因此&#xff0c;确保地铁的稳定运行对任何一座城市都至关重要。 上海泗博自动化&#xff0c;作为与成都地铁项目合…...

猫鼠游戏: KaijiK病毒入侵溯源分析

1. 事件背景 近期&#xff0c;网宿平台某客户在使用云主机工作的时候突然出现主机卡顿&#xff0c;连接不稳定&#xff0c;网络断开的情况&#xff0c;并且收到了网宿主机入侵检测产品的告警信息。由于客户没有专职的安全人员&#xff0c;由运维人员兼任安全运营工作&#xff…...

【Hot100算法刷题集】双指针-02-盛水最多的容器(含暴力枚举、双指针法及其合理性证明)

&#x1f3e0;关于专栏&#xff1a;专栏用于记录LeetCode中Hot100专题的所有题目 &#x1f3af;每日努力一点点&#xff0c;技术变化看得见 题目转载 题目描述 &#x1f512;link->题目跳转链接 给定一个长度为 n 的整数数组 height 。有 n 条垂线&#xff0c;第 i 条线的…...

Spring和Spring FrameWork有什么关系?两者是同一个东西吗?

Spring和Spring Framework之间的关系可以归结为以下几点&#xff1a; 广义与狭义的理解 广义上的Spring&#xff1a; 广义上的Spring泛指以Spring Framework为基础的整个Spring技术栈。Spring已经发展成为一个由多个不同子项目&#xff08;模块&#xff09;组成的成熟技术体系…...

windows10 python 解决鼠标右键菜单中没有Edit with IDLE(不使用注册表编辑器)

随便选择一个py文件&#xff0c;右击打开属性。 打开方式&#xff1a;点击更改。 最下面&#xff1a;点击更多应用&#xff0c;点击在这台电脑上查找应用 搜索找到你自己按照的python路径下 Python39\Lib\idlelib\idle.bat 文件 点击打开&#xff0c;结束。...

一些深度学习相关指令

// 服务器上查看所有的环境版本 conda env list// 删除某一个环境 conda remove -n 环境名 --all终端输入命令&#xff1a;nvidia-smi&#xff0c;可以看显卡的使用情况指定使用哪张显卡&#xff1a; os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] 2查看服务器的cuda版本&am…...

Python 实现自动配置华为交换机

Python 实现自动配置华为交换机 在网络运维中&#xff0c;配置交换机是非常重要的一步。如果我们可以使用 Python 来实现配置交换机&#xff0c;那么我们的工作效率将会大大提高。在本文中&#xff0c;我们将学习如何使用 Python 配置华为交换机。 背景知识 华为交换机是一种…...

上海亚商投顾:沪指探底回升 华为产业链午后爆发

上海亚商投顾前言&#xff1a;无惧大盘涨跌&#xff0c;解密龙虎榜资金&#xff0c;跟踪一线游资和机构资金动向&#xff0c;识别短期热点和强势个股。 一.市场情绪 沪指昨日探底回升&#xff0c;深成指、创业板指盘中跌逾1%&#xff0c;午后集体拉升翻红。华为产业链午后走强…...

回归预测 | MATLAB实现PSO-LSTM(粒子群优化长短期记忆神经网络)多输入单输出

回归预测 | MATLAB实现PSO-LSTM(粒子群优化长短期记忆神经网络)多输入单输出 目录 回归预测 | MATLAB实现PSO-LSTM(粒子群优化长短期记忆神经网络)多输入单输出预测效果基本介绍模型介绍PSO模型LSTM模型PSO-LSTM模型程序设计参考资料致谢预测效果 Matlab实现PSO-LSTM多变量回归…...

Linux seq命令

参考资料 知っておくとちょっと便利&#xff01;seq コマンドの使い方をご紹介 目录 一. 基本语法二. 选项2.1 -f 格式化输出2.2 -s 指定分隔符2.3 -w 输出数字补齐宽度 三. 小案例3.1 递减序列3.2 批量创建测试文件3.3 批量下载文件 一. 基本语法 seq [OPTION] 结束值 seq […...

黑龙江等保测评:保障数据安全的最佳选择,助力企业无忧发展!

在数字化时代&#xff0c;数据安全已成为企业发展的重中之重。尤其是在黑龙江&#xff0c;随着信息技术的快速发展&#xff0c;数据泄露和网络攻击的风险日益增加。为了帮助企业提升数据安全防护能力&#xff0c;黑龙江等保测评应运而生&#xff0c;成为保障数据安全的有力工具…...

基于OpenCV和ROS节点的智能家居服务机器人设计流程

一、项目概述 1.1 项目目标和用途 智能家居助手项目旨在开发一款高效、智能的服务机器人&#xff0c;能够在家庭环境中执行多种任务&#xff0c;如送餐、清洁和监控。该机器人将通过自主导航、任务调度和环境感知能力&#xff0c;提升家庭生活的便利性和安全性。项目的最终目…...

vue中reduce属性的使用@3@

1.reduce方法 ​ reduce方法的使用&#xff08;数组方法&#xff09;&#xff1a; 遍历数组&#xff0c;求和 ​ 语法&#xff1a;数组名.reduce((pre,current) > {},参数2) ​ pre:上次执行该方法的返回值 ​ current&#xff1a;数据项 ​ 实例代码&#xff1a; let…...

【MySQL】索引的使用与调优技巧

为什么MySQL的MyISAM和InnoDB存储引擎索引底层选择B树&#xff0c;而不是B树&#xff1f;哈希索引&#xff1a;具体项目实践步骤&#xff1a; 为什么MySQL的MyISAM和InnoDB存储引擎索引底层选择B树&#xff0c;而不是B树&#xff1f; 对于B树&#xff1a; 索引数据内容分散在不…...

C++库之一:Loki

Loki 是一个轻量级的 C 模板库&#xff0c;旨在为高性能和灵活的 C 编程提供强大的设计模式和技术。它最初由 Andrei Alexandrescu 在他的著作《Modern C Design: Generic Programming and Design Patterns Applied》一书中介绍。 Loki 的核心特点 Loki 库的设计是为了支持复…...

前后端时间转换的那些常见问题及处理方法

在现代的Web开发中&#xff0c;前后端分离的架构已经成为主流&#xff0c;尤其是在Spring Boot和Vue.js的组合中。开发者在这种架构下经常遇到的一个问题就是如何处理时间的转换和显示。前端和后端对时间的处理方式不同&#xff0c;可能会导致时间在传递过程中出现问题&#xf…...

怎么利用XML发送物流快递通知短信

现如今短信平台越来越普遍了&#xff0c;而短信通知也分很多种&#xff0c;例如服务通知、订单通知、交易短信通知、会议通知等。而短信平台在物流行业通知这一块作用也很大。在家时:我们平时快递到了&#xff0c;如果电话联系不到本人&#xff0c;就会放到代收点&#xff0c;然…...