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无源码实现免登录功能

news 2025/9/14 21:24:53

因项目要求需要对一个没有源代码的老旧系统实现免登录功能，系统采用前后端分离的方式部署，登录时前端调用后台的认证接口，认证接口返回token信息，然后将token以json的方式存储到cookie中，格式如下：
在这里插入图片描述
这里有一个auth_token采用JSON格式存储，尝试了好几种写入Cookie的方式，均无法实现，现将可以实现方式记录如下。

Nginx配置

首先，为了避免跨域问题，以及Cookie的作用域问题，必须将现有系统和免登录跳转系统配置到同一个端口下，配置如下

    server {listen       80;server_name  localhost;# 免登录跳转系统location / {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8084;#proxy_cookie_path / "/; httponly; secure; SameSite=Strict";#proxy_cookie_flags ~ nosecure samesite=strict;}# 老旧系统location / {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;proxy_cookie_path / "/; httponly; secure; SameSite=Strict";proxy_cookie_flags ~ nosecure samesite=strict;}

注意这里proxy_cookie_path和proxy_cookie_flags要注释掉，否则在免登录跳转系统中设置的Cookie在跳转到现有系统后无法认证成功，下面对这两个参数说明一下：

proxy_cookie_path

proxy_cookie_path / "/; httponly; secure; SameSite=Strict";

proxy_cookie_path：此指令用于修改通过Nginx代理传递的Cookie的路径以及其他属性。
/：指定Cookie的路径为根路径，这意味着Cookie对整个域名有效。
“; httponly; secure; SameSite=Strict”：这部分是对Cookie添加额外的属性：
httponly：此属性指示浏览器仅允许HTTP(S)协议访问该Cookie，不允许JavaScript访问，这有助于防止跨站脚本攻击（XSS）。
secure：此属性指示浏览器仅在HTTPS连接中传输该Cookie，不允许在不安全的HTTP连接中传输，这有助于保护Cookie不被中间人攻击窃取。
SameSite=Strict：此属性控制Cookie在跨站请求中的发送行为。设置为Strict意味着Cookie仅在同站请求中发送，不会在跨站请求中发送，这有助于减少跨站请求伪造（CSRF）攻击的风险。

proxy_cookie_flags

proxy_cookie_flags ~ nosecure samesite=strict;

proxy_cookie_flags：此指令用于设置或修改通过Nginx代理传递的Cookie的标志。
~：这是一个正则表达式匹配操作符，表示接下来的模式应用于所有匹配的Cookie。
nosecure：此标志指示Nginx移除Cookie中的Secure属性。这意味着即使原始Cookie设置了Secure属性，通过Nginx代理后，该属性将被移除，Cookie可以在HTTP和HTTPS连接中都传输。这通常不推荐，因为它降低了安全性。
samesite=strict：此标志指示Nginx添加或修改Cookie的SameSite属性为Strict。这与proxy_cookie_path中的SameSite=Strict类似，控制Cookie在跨站请求中的发送行为。
注意：通常情况下，不建议在生产环境中使用nosecure标志，因为它会降低Cookie的安全性。如果需要移除Secure属性，应该仔细考虑安全性影响，并确保有其他安全措施来保护数据。
这两行配置通常一起使用，以确保通过Nginx代理传递的Cookie具有适当的安全属性。然而，proxy_cookie_flags中的nosecure标志可能会抵消proxy_cookie_path中设置的secure属性，因此在实际应用中需要谨慎使用。

免登录跳转

搭建一个SpringBoot工程，前端实现一个简单的跳转页面test.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><title>OSS</title><meta charset="UTF-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" />
</head>
<body><a href="http://192.168.31.112">http://192.168.31.112</a>
</body>
</html>

后端IndexController类关键方法如下

package org.example.onemaposs.controller;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Locale;@Slf4j
@Controller
public class IndexController {@Value("${app.login.url}")private String loginUrl;@Value("${app.user}")private String user;@Value("${app.pass}")private String pass;@Value("${app.index.url}")private String indexUrl;// 经过测试，该方法可以实现免登录功能，注意在Nginx中代理不能加如下两行，否测Cookie无法共享// proxy_cookie_path / "/; httponly; secure; SameSite=Strict";// proxy_cookie_flags ~ nosecure samesite=strict;@RequestMapping("/test")public String test(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelMap model) {String token = null;JSONObject json = new JSONObject();json.put("user", user);json.put("pwd", pass);String str = doPost(loginUrl, json);JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(str);JSONObject obj = jsonObject.getJSONObject("obj");JSONObject rtnJson = new JSONObject(true);JSONObject authToken = new JSONObject(true);if (obj != null && obj.containsKey("token")) {rtnJson.put("code", 200);rtnJson.put("msg", "登录成功");token = obj.getString("token");authToken.put("data", token);}String time = String.format("expires=%s; path=/", getTime());log.debug("Cookie time = {}", time);response.setHeader("authorization", token);response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", String.format("auth_token=%s; ", authToken.toJSONString()) + time);response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "user_name=admin; " + time);response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "is_anager=true; " + time);response.addHeader("Set-Cookie", "user_role={%22uId%22:%22650e5cc596d8932f88ec8c90%22%2C%22user%22:%22admin%22%2C%22realName%22:%22%22%2C%22role%22:%22Admin%22%2C%22userRolePrivilege%22:{%22rolePriv%22:[]%2C%22userPriv%22:{%22privileges%22:[]}}}; " + time);return "test";}private String getTime() {// 获取当前时间的ZonedDateTime实例ZonedDateTime now = ZonedDateTime.now(java.time.ZoneId.of("GMT"));// 增加8天ZonedDateTime futureDateTime = now.plusDays(8);// 定义日期时间格式DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss z", Locale.ENGLISH);// 格式化日期时间return futureDateTime.format(formatter);}protected String doPost(String url, JSONObject json) {String rtn = null;CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;try {httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000).setSocketTimeout(5000).setConnectTimeout(5000).build();// 创建Get请求HttpPost http = new HttpPost(url);http.addHeader("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*");http.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");http.setEntity(new StringEntity(json.toJSONString(), "UTF-8"));CloseableHttpResponse response = null;// 由客户端执行(发送)Get请求response = httpClient.execute(http);// 从响应模型中获取响应实体HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();rtn = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity);} catch (Exception e) {log.error(String.format("Search request throw exception: %s", e.getMessage()), e);} finally {if (httpClient != null) {try {httpClient.close();} catch (Exception e) {log.error(String.format("Close http client throw exception: %s", e.getMessage()), e);}}}return rtn;}
}

application.properties配置如下：

server.port=8084
server.servlet.context-path=/ossapp.login.url=http://192.168.31.112/v1/auth/login
app.user=admin
app.pass=4de93544234adffbb681ed60ffcfb941
app.index.url=http://192.168.31.112spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true
spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true
spring.thymeleaf.servlet.content-type=text/html
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
spring.thymeleaf.excluded-view-names=
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html

这样当访问http://192.168.31.112/oss/test时，系统通过端调用原有系统的认证接口，将相关的认证信息写入cookie，然后当前端跳转到新系统时，就实现了免登录功能。

几种写Cookie坑

由于这里写入Cookie的值为JSON格式，且为没有编码的，因此这里尝试了几种其他的方式写入Cookie，都失效了，因此记录如下：

后端Java实现

    private void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String key, String value) {log.debug("Set cookie {}={}", key, value);Cookie cookie = new Cookie(key, value);cookie.setMaxAge(3600 * 24 * 30);cookie.setPath("/");response.addCookie(cookie);}

无法写入JSON，提示错误如下

2024-10-01 21:40:56.737 DEBUG Set cookie data={"a":"b"} [http-nio-8084-exec-3](org.example.onemaposs.controller.IndexController:121)
2024-10-01 21:40:56.749 ERROR Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [/oss] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: An invalid character [34] was present in the Cookie value] with root cause [http-nio-8084-exec-3](org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/oss].[dispatcherServlet]:175)
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: An invalid character [34] was present in the Cookie valueat org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor.validateCookieValue(Rfc6265CookieProcessor.java:197)at org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor.generateHeader(Rfc6265CookieProcessor.java:123)at org.apache.catalina.connector.Response.generateCookieString(Response.java:1001)at org.apache.catalina.connector.Response.addCookie(Response.java:953)......

前端JavaScript实现1

采用jquery.cookie.min.js，代码如下

function setCookie(key, value) {$.cookie(key, value, {expires: 8,   // 有效期为7天path: '/',    // 在整个网站有效domain: '',   // 默认的域secure: false // 不使用安全协议});
}setCookie('auth_token', '{"data":"xxxxxx"}');

写入Cookie中的{、}、"、:、+、空格等等均被编码了，因此现有系统在读取后转JSON报错。

前端JavaScript实现2

以下这种方法也不行，去掉encodeURIComponent也不行


setCookies([["user_name", "admin"],["auth_token", "{\"data\":\"xxxxxx\"}"]
]);function setCookies(nameValuePairList) {var cookieList = nameValuePairList.map(function(nameValuePair) {var cookieString = nameValuePair[0] + "=" + encodeURIComponent(nameValuePair[1]);// 可以添加其他属性，如过期时间、路径、域等return cookieString;});document.cookie = cookieList.join("; ");
}function escapeCookieValue(value) {return value.replace(/{/g, '\\{').replace(/}/g, '\\}').replace(/"/g, '\\"').replace(/,/g, '\\,').replace(/;/g, '\\;').replace(/ /g, '\\ ');
}function setCookie(key, value) {$.cookie(key, value, {expires: 8,   // 有效期为7天path: '/',    // 在整个网站有效domain: '',   // 默认的域secure: false // 不使用安全协议});
}

前端JavaScript实现3

定义Cookie类也不行

let ht;
if (!ht) ht = {};ht.Cookie = function () {let _p = ht.Cookie.prototype;_p.getCookieVal = function (offset) {let endstr = document.cookie.indexOf(";", offset);if (endstr == -1) {endstr = document.cookie.length;}return unescape(document.cookie.substring(offset, endstr));};_p.set = function (name, value) {let expdate = new Date();let argv = arguments;let argc = arguments.length;let expires = (argc > 2) ? argv[2] : null;let path = (argc > 3) ? argv[3] : "/";let domain = (argc > 4) ? argv[4] : null;let secure = (argc > 5) ? argv[5] : false;if (expires != null) {let temp = 0;let rdigit = /\d/;if (rdigit.test(expires) && !isNaN(expires)) {temp = parseInt(expires);}temp = temp <= 0 ? 1 : temp;expdate.setTime(expdate.getTime() + (temp * 1000 * 3600 * 24));}document.cookie = name+ "=" + value// + escape(value)+ ((expires == null) ? "" : ("; expires=" + expdate.toGMTString()))+ ((path == null) ? "" : ("; path=" + path))+ ((domain == null) ? "" : ("; domain=" + domain))+ ((secure == true) ? "; secure" : "");};_p.get = function (name) {let arg = name + "=";let alen = arg.length;let clen = document.cookie.length;let i = 0;while (i < clen) {var j = i + alen;if (document.cookie.substring(i, j) == arg) {return this.getCookieVal(j);}i = document.cookie.indexOf(" ", i) + 1;if (i == 0) {break;}}return null;};_p.remove = function (name) {let exp = new Date();exp.setTime(exp.getTime() - 1);let cval = this.get(name);document.cookie = name + "=" + cval + "; expires=" + exp.toGMTString() + "; path=/";};_p.removeAll = function clearAllCookie() {let keys = top.document.cookie.match(/[^ =;]+(?=\=)/g);if(keys) {for(var i = keys.length; i--;)  {let exp = new Date();exp.setTime(exp.getTime() - 1);document.cookie = keys[i] + '=0;expires=' + exp.toGMTString() + "; path=/";}}}
};
// cookie实例
ht.cookie = new ht.Cookie();ht.cookie.set('user_name', 'admin');
ht.cookie.set('auth_token', '{"data":"xxxxxx"}');

前端JavaScript实现4

使用document.cookie来设置Cookie也无法生效

$(document).ready(function() {let str = 'auth_token={"data":"xxxxxx"}; user_name=admin; is_anager=true;';let expirationDate = new Date();expirationDate.setDate(expirationDate.getDate() + 7);document.cookie = str + "expires=" + expirationDate.toUTCString() + ";path=/";
});