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【React】入门Day04 —— 项目搭建及登录与表单校验、token 管理、路由鉴权实现

news 文章来源：https://blog.csdn.net/2303_76696898/article/details/142704596 2025/5/20 10:55:52

项目搭建

创建项目

# 使用npx创建项目
npx create-react-app my-react-app
# 进入项目目录
cd my-react-app
# 创建项目目录结构
mkdir -p src/{apis,assets,components,pages,store,utils}
touch src/{App.js,index.css,index.js}

使用npx create-react-app创建项目，进入项目目录后通过npm start启动。
调整项目目录结构，包括apis、assets、components、pages等多个文件夹。

使用技术

接入scss预处理器，安装sass工具，创建全局样式文件index.scss。

# 安装sass工具
npm i sass -D

// 在src/index.scss中设置全局样式
body {font-family: Arial, sans-serif;background-color: #f4f4f4;
}

引入组件库antd，安装后在Login页面测试Button组件。

# 安装antd组件库
npm i antd

// 在src/pages/Login/index.jsx中使用Button组件
import React from 'react';
import { Button } from 'antd';const Login = () => {return (<div><Button type='primary'>登录</Button></div>);
};export default Login;

使用react-router-dom配置基础路由，创建Layout和Login组件并配置路由规则。

# 安装react-router-dom
npm i react-router-dom

// 在src/router/index.js中配置路由
import { createBrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
import Login from '../pages/Login';
import Layout from '../pages/Layout';const router = createBrowserRouter([{path: '/',element: <Layout />,},{path: '/login',element: <Login />,},
]);export default router;

通过craco工具包配置别名路径，在craco.config.js中设置webpack别名，并在jsconfig.json中配置VsCode提示。

# 安装craco工具包
npm i @craco/craco -D

// 在craco.config.js中配置别名
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {webpack: {alias: {'@': path.resolve(__dirname,'src')}}
};

// 在package.json中修改scripts命令
"scripts": {"start": "craco start","build": "craco build","test": "craco test","eject": "react-scripts eject"
}

// 在src/router/index.js中使用别名
import { createBrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
import Login from '@/pages/Login';
import Layout from '@/pages/Layout';const router = createBrowserRouter([{path: '/',element: <Layout />,},{path: '/login',element: <Login />,},
]);export default router;

// 在jsconfig.json中配置VsCode提示
{"compilerOptions": {"baseUrl": "./","paths": {"@/*": ["src/*"]}}
}

功能模块实现
- 登录模块
  - 基本结构搭建
在Login/index.js创建登录页面结构，引入antd组件，使用@/assets路径引入图片，在Login/index.scss中设置样式。

import React from 'react';
import { Card, Form, Input, Button } from 'antd';
import logo from '@/assets/logo.png';
import './index.scss';const Login = () => {return (<div className="login"><Card className="login-container"><img className="login-logo" src={logo} alt="" /><Form><Form.Item><Input size="large" placeholder="请输入手机号" /></Form.Item><Form.Item><Input size="large" placeholder="请输入验证码" /></Form.Item><Form.Item><Button type="primary" htmlType="submit" size="large" block>登录</Button></Form.Item></Form></Card></div>);
};export default Login;

表单校验实现

为Form组件设置validateTrigger，为Form.Item组件设置name和rules属性进行表单校验。

import React from 'react';
import { Form, Input, Button } from 'antd';const Login = () => {return (<Form validateTrigger={['onBlur']}><Form.Itemname="mobile"rules={[{ required: true, message: '请输入手机号' },{pattern: /^1[3-9]\d{9}$/,message: '手机号码格式不对'}]}><Input size="large" placeholder="请输入手机号" /></Form.Item><Form.Itemname="code"rules={[{ required: true, message: '请输入验证码' },]}><Input size="large" placeholder="请输入验证码" maxLength={6} /></Form.Item><Form.Item><Button type="primary" htmlType="submit" size="large" block>登录</Button></Form.Item></Form>);
};export default Login;

获取登录表单数据

为Form组件设置onFinish属性，在点击登录按钮时触发获取表单数据的函数。

import React from 'react';
import { Form, Input, Button } from 'antd';const Login = () => {const onFinish = formValue => {console.log(formValue);};return (<Form onFinish={onFinish}><Form.Item><Input size="large" placeholder="请输入手机号" /></Form.Item><Form.Item><Input size="large" placeholder="请输入验证码" /></Form.Item><Form.Item><Button type="primary" htmlType="submit" size="large" block>登录</Button></Form.Item></Form>);
};export default Login;

封装 request 工具模块

安装axios，在utils/request.js中创建axios实例，配置baseURL、请求拦截器和响应拦截器。

# 安装axios
npm i axios

import axios from 'axios';const http = axios.create({baseURL: 'http://example.com/api',timeout: 5000
});// 请求拦截器
http.interceptors.request.use(config => {return config;
}, error => {return Promise.reject(error);
});// 响应拦截器
http.interceptors.response.use(response => {return response.data;
}, error => {return Promise.reject(error);
});export { http };

使用 Redux 管理 token

安装react-redux和@reduxjs/toolkit，在store中创建userStore切片，设置token初始状态和setUserInfo等reducers，封装fetchLogin异步方法。

# 安装react-redux和@reduxjs/toolkit
npm i react-redux @reduxjs/toolkit

import { createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { http } from '@/utils';const userStore = createSlice({name: 'user',initialState: {token: ''},reducers: {setUserInfo(state, action) {state.token = action.payload;}}
});const { setUserInfo } = userStore.actions;
const userReducer = userStore.reducer;const fetchLogin = loginForm => {return async dispatch => {const res = await http.post('/authorizations', loginForm);dispatch(setUserInfo(res.data.token));};
};export { fetchLogin };
export default userReducer;

实现登录逻辑

在Login组件中调用fetchLogin方法，登录成功后跳转到首页并提示。

import React from 'react';
import { message } from 'antd';
import { useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import { fetchLogin } from '@/store/modules/user';const Login = () => {const dispatch = useDispatch();const onFinish = async formValue => {await dispatch(fetchLogin(formValue));message.success('登录成功');};return (<div><form onSubmit={onFinish}>{/* 登录表单字段 */}</form></div>);
};export default Login;

token 持久化

封装setToken、getToken和clearToken方法，在userStore中setUserInfo时将token存入本地。

// 在@/utils/token.js中封装存取方法
const TOKENKEY = 'token_key';function setToken(token) {return localStorage.setItem(TOKENKEY, token);
}function getToken() {return localStorage.getItem(TOKENKEY);
}function clearToken() {return localStorage.removeItem(TOKENKEY);
}export {setToken,getToken,clearToken
};

// 在userStore中使用token持久化方法
import { createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { http } from '@/utils';
import { getToken, setToken } from '@/utils/token';const userStore = createSlice({name: 'user',initialState: {token: getToken() || ''},reducers: {setUserInfo(state, action) {state.token = action.payload;setToken(state.token);}}
});export default userStore;

请求拦截器注入 token

在request.js的请求拦截器中，判断是否有token，有则添加到请求头Authorization中。

// 在utils/request.js中注入token
import axios from 'axios';const http = axios.create({baseURL: 'http://example.com/api',timeout: 5000
});http.interceptors.request.use(config => {const token = getToken();if (token) {config.headers.Authorization = `Bearer ${token}`;}return config;
}, error => {return Promise.reject(error);
});http.interceptors.response.use(response => {return response.data;
}, error => {return Promise.reject(error);
});export { http };

路由鉴权实现

在components/AuthRoute/index.jsx中创建路由鉴权高阶组件，判断本地是否有token，决定是否重定向到登录页面。

import React from 'react';
import { Navigate } from 'react-router-dom';
import { getToken } from '@/utils';const AuthRoute = ({ children }) => {const isToken = getToken();if (isToken) {return <>{children}</>;} else {return <Navigate to="/login" replace />;}
};export default AuthRoute;

// 在src/router/index.js中使用AuthRoute组件
import { createBrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
import Login from '@/pages/Login';
import Layout from '@/pages/Layout';
import AuthRoute from '@/components/AuthRoute';const router = createBrowserRouter([{path: '/',element: <AuthRoute><Layout /></AuthRoute>,},{path: '/login',element: <Login />,},
]);export default router;

Layout 模块

基本结构和样式 reset

在pages/Layout/index.js中使用antd/Layout组件创建页面结构，引入antd的Menu和Popconfirm等组件，设置样式并安装normalize.css进行样式 reset。

import React from 'react';
import { Layout, Menu, Popconfirm } from 'antd';
import { HomeOutlined, DiffOutlined, EditOutlined, LogoutOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import './index.scss';
import 'normalize.css';const { Header, Sider } = Layout;const items = [{label: '首页',key: '1',icon: <HomeOutlined />,},{label: '文章管理',key: '2',icon: <DiffOutlined />,},{label: '创建文章',key: '3',icon: <EditOutlined />,},
];const GeekLayout = () => {return (<Layout><Header className="header"><div className="logo" /><div className="user-info"><span className="user-name">用户名</span><span className="user-logout"><Popconfirm title="是否确认退出？" okText="退出" cancelText="取消"><LogoutOutlined /> 退出</Popconfirm></span></div></Header><Layout><Sider width={200} className="site-layout-background"><Menumode="inline"theme="dark"defaultSelectedKeys={['1']}items={items}style={{ height: '100%', borderRight: 0 }}></Menu></Sider><Layout className="layout-content" style={{ padding: 20 }}>内容</Layout></Layout></Layout>);
};export default GeekLayout;

二级路由配置

在pages目录创建Home、Article、Publish页面文件夹，在router/index.js中配置嵌套子路由，在Layout中配置二级路由出口，使用Link修改左侧菜单内容实现路由切换。

// 在pages目录创建Home.jsx
import React from 'react';const Home = () => {return <div>首页内容</div>;
};export default Home;

// 在pages目录创建Article.jsx
import React from 'react';const Article = () => {return <div>文章管理内容</div>;
};export default Article;

// 在pages目录创建Publish.jsx
import React from 'react';const Publish = () => {return <div>发布文章内容</div>;
};export default Publish;

// 在src/router/index.js中配置二级路由
import { createBrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
import Login from '@/pages/Login';
import Layout from '@/pages/Layout';
import Publish from '@/pages/Publish';
import Article from '@/pages/Article';
import Home from '@/pages/Home';
import { AuthRoute } from '@/components/AuthRoute';const router = createBrowserRouter([{path: '/',element: (<AuthRoute><Layout /></AuthRoute>),children: [{index: true,element: <Home />,},{path: 'article',element: <Article />,},{path: 'publish',element: <Publish />,},],},{path: '/login',element: <Login />,},
]);export default router;

// 在Layout组件中配置二级路由出口
import React from 'react';
import { Outlet } from 'react-router-dom';const GeekLayout = () => {return (<Layout className="layout-content" style={{ padding: 20 }}><Outlet /></Layout>);
};export default GeekLayout;

路由菜单点击交互实现

为Menu组件设置onClick属性实现点击菜单跳转路由，通过useLocation获取当前路由路径实现菜单反向高亮。

import React from 'react';
import { Outlet, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HomeOutlined, DiffOutlined, EditOutlined, LogoutOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';const items = [{label: '首页',key: '/',icon: <HomeOutlined />,},{label: '文章管理',key: '/article',icon: <DiffOutlined />,},{label: '创建文章',key: '/publish',icon: <EditOutlined />,},
];const GeekLayout = () => {const navigate = useNavigate();const menuClick = route => {navigate(route.key);};return (<Layout><Header className="main-header"><div className="logo" /><div className="user-info"><span className="user-name">用户名</span><span className="user-logout"><Popconfirm title="是否确认退出？" okText="退出" cancelText="取消"><LogoutOutlined /> 退出</Popconfirm></span></div></Header><Layout><Sider width={200} className="site-layout-background"><Menumode="inline"theme="dark"selectedKeys={['1']}items={items}style={{ height: '100%', borderRight: 0 }}onClick={menuClick}></Menu></Sider><Layout className="layout-content" style={{ padding: 20 }}><Outlet /></Layout></Layout>);
};export default GeekLayout;

// 菜单反向高亮实现
import React from 'react';
import { Outlet, useLocation } from 'react-router-dom';
import { HomeOutlined, DiffOutlined, EditOutlined, LogoutOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';const items = [{label: '首页',key: '/',icon: <HomeOutlined />,},{label: '文章管理',key: '/article',icon: <DiffOutlined />,},{label: '创建文章',key: '/publish',icon: <EditOutlined />,},
];const GeekLayout = () => {const location = useLocation();const selectedKey = location.pathname;return (<Layout><Header className="main-header"><div className

展示个人信息

在store/userStore.js中编写获取用户信息的逻辑，在Layout组件中触发fetchUserInfo方法获取信息并渲染用户名。

// store/userStore.js
import { createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import { http } from '@/utils';
import { getToken, setToken } from '@/utils';const userStore = createSlice({name: 'user',initialState: {token: getToken() || '',userInfo: {}},reducers: {setUserToken(state, action) {state.token = action.payload;setToken(state.token);},setUserInfo(state, action) {state.userInfo = action.payload;},clearUserInfo(state) {state.token = '';state.userInfo = {};clearToken();}}
});// 解构出actionCreater
const { setUserToken, setUserInfo, clearUserInfo } = userStore.actions;
// 获取reducer函数
const userReducer = userStore.reducer;const fetchLogin = (loginForm) => {return async (dispatch) => {const res = await http.post('/authorizations', loginForm);dispatch(setUserToken(res.data.token));};
};const fetchUserInfo = () => {return async (dispatch) => {const res = await http.get('/user/profile');dispatch(setUserInfo(res.data));};
};export { fetchLogin, fetchUserInfo, clearUserInfo };
export default userReducer;

退出登录实现

为Popconfirm添加确认回调事件，在store/userStore.js中新增clearUserInfo方法删除token和用户信息，在回调事件中调用该方法并返回登录页面。

// pages/Layout/index.js
import React, { useEffect } from 'react';
import { Layout, Menu, Popconfirm } from 'antd';
import {HomeOutlined,DiffOutlined,EditOutlined,LogoutOutlined,
} from '@ant-design/icons';
import { useDispatch, useSelector } from 'react-redux';
import { fetchUserInfo } from '@/store/modules/user';const { Header, Sider } = Layout;const items = [// 菜单配置项
];const GeekLayout = () => {const dispatch = useDispatch();const name = useSelector(state => state.user.userInfo.name);useEffect(() => {dispatch(fetchUserInfo());}, [dispatch]);const loginOut = () => {dispatch(clearUserInfo());// 假设这里有合适的导航函数，替换为实际的导航逻辑// navigate('/login'); };return (<Layout><Header className="header"><div className="logo" /><div className="user-info"><span className="user-name">{name}</span><span className="user-logout"><Popconfirmtitle="是否确认退出？"okText="退出"cancelText="取消"onConfirm={loginOut}><LogoutOutlined /> 退出</Popconfirm></span></div></Header><Layout><Sider width={200} className="site-layout-background"><Menumode="inline"theme="dark"defaultSelectedKeys={['1']}items={items}style={{ height: '100%', borderRight: 0 }}></Menu></Sider><Layout className="layout-content" style={{ padding: 20 }}>{/* 页面内容 */}</Layout></Layout></Layout>);
};export default GeekLayout;

处理 Token 失效

在http.interceptors.response中判断响应状态码为401时，清除token，跳转到登录页面并刷新页面。

// 在http.js（假设是配置axios请求相关的文件）中处理Token失效
import axios from 'axios';const http = axios.create({baseURL: 'http://example.com/api',timeout: 5000
});http.interceptors.response.use((response) => {return response.data;
}, (error) => {if (error.response && error.response.status === 401) {// 假设这里有合适的获取和清除token的函数，替换为实际的逻辑const token = getToken();if (token) {clearToken();}// 假设这里有合适的导航函数，替换为实际的导航逻辑// navigate('/login'); window.location.reload();}return Promise.reject(error);
});export { http };