Spring 中的 BeanWrapper

BeanWrapper 是 Spring 框架中的一个接口，它提供了一种方式来设置和获取 JavaBean 的属性。JavaBean 是一种特殊的 Java 类，遵循特定的编码约定（例如，私有属性和公共的 getter/setter 方法），通常用于封装数据

主要功能
1.属性访问：
        BeanWrapper 允许以统一的方式访问 JavaBean 对象的属性，包括简单属性、复杂类型属性、集合和数组等。它支持通过属性路径（property path）来访问嵌套对象的属性，例如 person.address.streetName。
2.类型转换：
        BeanWrapper 内置了对常见类型的转换支持，可以自动处理不同数据类型的转换。
可以注册自定义的 PropertyEditor 或使用 ConversionService 来实现更复杂的类型转换逻辑。
3.属性编辑器：
        可以为特定的数据类型注册 PropertyEditor，这允许在从字符串到对象或反之的转换过程中进行定制化处理。
4.错误处理：
        当尝试设置非法值或访问不存在的属性时，BeanWrapper 可以捕获并报告这些错误。

访问简单属性 

import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl;public class BeanWrapperExample {public static void main(String[] args) {// 创建一个目标对象Person person = new Person();// 创建 BeanWrapper 实例BeanWrapper beanWrapper = new BeanWrapperImpl(person);// 设置属性值beanWrapper.setPropertyValue("name", "John Doe");beanWrapper.setPropertyValue("age", 30);// 获取属性值String name = (String) beanWrapper.getPropertyValue("name");int age = (Integer) beanWrapper.getPropertyValue("age");System.out.println("Name: " + name);System.out.println("Age: " + age);}
}class Person {private String name;private int age;// 必须提供 getter 和 setter 方法public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}
}

 访问嵌套属性

import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl;public class NestedPropertyAccess {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person = new Person();Address address = new Address();person.setAddress(address);BeanWrapper beanWrapper = new BeanWrapperImpl(person);// 设置嵌套属性beanWrapper.setPropertyValue("address.street", "123 Main St");beanWrapper.setPropertyValue("address.city", "Springfield");// 获取嵌套属性String street = (String) beanWrapper.getPropertyValue("address.street");String city = (String) beanWrapper.getPropertyValue("address.city");System.out.println("Street: " + street); // 输出: Street: 123 Main StSystem.out.println("City: " + city);     // 输出: City: Springfield}
}class Person {private String name;private int age;private Address address;// Getters and Setterspublic String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }public int getAge() { return age; }public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }public Address getAddress() { return address; }public void setAddress(Address address) { this.address = address; }
}class Address {private String street;private String city;// Getters and Setterspublic String getStreet() { return street; }public void setStreet(String street) { this.street = street; }public String getCity() { return city; }public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; }
}

自动类型转换

import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl;public class TypeConversion {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person = new Person();BeanWrapper beanWrapper = new BeanWrapperImpl(person);// 设置属性值，自动类型转换beanWrapper.setPropertyValue("age", "30"); // 字符串 "30" 转换为 int 30// 获取属性值int age = (Integer) beanWrapper.getPropertyValue("age");System.out.println("Age: " + age); // 输出: Age: 30}
}class Person {private String name;private int age;// Getters and Setterspublic String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }public int getAge() { return age; }public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }
}

注册自定义 PropertyEditor

import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl;
import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport;public class CustomPropertyEditor {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person = new Person();BeanWrapper beanWrapper = new BeanWrapperImpl(person);// 注册自定义 PropertyEditorbeanWrapper.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new DateEditor());// 设置日期属性beanWrapper.setPropertyValue("birthdate", "2023-01-01");// 获取日期属性Date birthdate = (Date) beanWrapper.getPropertyValue("birthdate");System.out.println("Birthdate: " + birthdate); // 输出: Birthdate: Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 CST 2023}
}class Person {private String name;private int age;private Date birthdate;// Getters and Setterspublic String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }public int getAge() { return age; }public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }public Date getBirthdate() { return birthdate; }public void setBirthdate(Date birthdate) { this.birthdate = birthdate; }
}class DateEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport {@Overridepublic void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {try {setValue(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse(text));} catch (ParseException e) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid date format");}}
}

 处理属性设置错误

import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyAccessException;public class ErrorHandling {public static void main(String[] args) {Person person = new Person();BeanWrapper beanWrapper = new BeanWrapperImpl(person);try {// 尝试设置一个不存在的属性beanWrapper.setPropertyValue("invalidProperty", "value");} catch (PropertyAccessException e) {System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
// 输出: Error: Invalid property 'invalidProperty' of bean class [Person]: 
// Bean property 'invalidProperty' is not readable or has an invalid getter 
// method: Does the return type of the getter match the parameter type 
// of the setter?}}
}class Person {private String name;private int age;// Getters and Setterspublic String getName() { return name; }public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }public int getAge() { return age; }public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }
}