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Kafka-Controller选举

news 2026/5/25 6:45:35

一、上下文

《Kafka-broker粗粒度启动流程》博客中我们分析了broker的大致启动流程，这个时候每个broker都不是controller角色，下面我们就来看下它是如何选举出来的吧

二、设置ZooKeeper

‌ZooKeeper是一个开源的分布式协调服务，主要用于分布式系统中各节点的协调和管理。Kafka的Controller选举也一样用到了它。

  override def startup(): Unit = {//....initZkClient(time)configRepository = new ZkConfigRepository(new AdminZkClient(zkClient))//....}private def initZkClient(time: Time): Unit = {//config.zkConnect//zookeeper.connect=hostname1:2181,hostname2:2181,hostname2:2181/kafkainfo(s"Connecting to zookeeper on ${config.zkConnect}")_zkClient = KafkaZkClient.createZkClient("Kafka server", time, config, zkClientConfig)//如果需要，在ZK中预先创建顶级路径。_zkClient.createTopLevelPaths()}def createTopLevelPaths(): Unit = {//创建 Persistent 持久化的 zk 路径ZkData.PersistentZkPaths.foreach(makeSurePersistentPathExists)}//确保ZK中存在持久路径def makeSurePersistentPathExists(path: String): Unit = {createRecursive(path, data = null, throwIfPathExists = false)}

1、KafkaZkClient

KafkaZkClient是在Kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient之上提供更高级别的Kafka特定操作。

实现说明：此类包括各种组件（Controller, Configs, Old Consumer等）的方法，在某些情况下会从调用包中返回类的实例。

  def createZkClient(name: String, time: Time, config: KafkaConfig, zkClientConfig: ZKClientConfig): KafkaZkClient = {//...KafkaZkClient(...)}

2、AdminZkClient

它提供与ZooKeeper交互的管理员相关方法。

class AdminZkClient(...){//创建topicdef createTopic(...){...}//获取broker元数据def getBrokerMetadatas(...){...}//创建主题并可选地验证其参数。请注意，TopicCommand也使用此方法。def createTopicWithAssignment(...）{...}//验证主题创建参数def validateTopicCreate(...){...}//删除topic //为给定主题创建删除路径def deleteTopic(...){...}//使用可选的副本分配向现有主题添加分区。请注意，TopicCommand使用此方法。def addPartitions(...){...}//将broker从实体名称解析为整数iddef parseBroker(...){...}//.....
}

3、ZkConfigRepository

zookeeper的配置仓库，也就是kafka在zookeeper中配置信息。

class ZkConfigRepository(adminZkClient: AdminZkClient) extends ConfigRepository {override def config(configResource: ConfigResource): Properties = {//....//从zookeeper的目录下读取数据，并封装成实体（topic、broker、client-id、user、user/clients/client-id、ip）adminZkClient.fetchEntityConfig(configTypeForZk, effectiveName)}
}

4、ZkData

object ZkData {//这些是kafka broker 启动时应该存在的持久ZK路径。val PersistentZkPaths: Seq[String] = Seq(ConsumerPathZNode.path, // old consumer pathBrokerIdsZNode.path,TopicsZNode.path,ConfigEntityChangeNotificationZNode.path,DeleteTopicsZNode.path,BrokerSequenceIdZNode.path,IsrChangeNotificationZNode.path,ProducerIdBlockZNode.path,LogDirEventNotificationZNode.path) ++ ConfigType.ALL.asScala.map(ConfigEntityTypeZNode.path)
}//旧的consumer在zk上的路径
object ConsumerPathZNode {def path = "/consumers"
}object BrokerIdsZNode {def path = s"${BrokersZNode.path}/ids"def encode: Array[Byte] = null
}object TopicsZNode {def path = s"${BrokersZNode.path}/topics"
}object ConfigEntityChangeNotificationZNode {def path = s"${ConfigZNode.path}/changes"
}object DeleteTopicsZNode {def path = s"${AdminZNode.path}/delete_topics"
}object BrokerSequenceIdZNode {def path = s"${BrokersZNode.path}/seqid"
}object IsrChangeNotificationZNode {def path = "/isr_change_notification"
}object ProducerIdBlockZNode {val CurrentVersion: Long = 1Ldef path = "/latest_producer_id_block"def generateProducerIdBlockJson(producerIdBlock: ProducerIdsBlock): Array[Byte] = {Json.encodeAsBytes(Map("version" -> CurrentVersion,"broker" -> producerIdBlock.assignedBrokerId,"block_start" -> producerIdBlock.firstProducerId.toString,"block_end" -> producerIdBlock.lastProducerId.toString).asJava)}object LogDirEventNotificationZNode {def path = "/log_dir_event_notification"
}

三、验证元数据属性集成是否有效

1、meta.properties文件是否始终设置了cluster.id

2、meta.properties文件是否始终设置了node.id或者 broker.id

initialMetaPropsEnsemble.verify(Optional.of(_clusterId), verificationId, verificationFlags)

四、动态broker初始化

动态broker配置存储在ZooKeeper中，可以在两个级别定义：

1、每个代理的配置持久化在/configs/brokers/{brokerId} 这些可以使用AdminClient使用资源名称brokerId进行描述/更改

2、整个集群的默认值持续存在于/configs/brokers/<default> 这些可以使用AdminClient使用空资源名称进行描述/更改。

broker配置的优先级顺序为:

1、DYNAMIC_BROKER_CONFIG：存储在ZK中的/configs/brokers/{brokerId}

2、DYNAMIC_DEFAULT_BROKER_CONFIG: 存储在ZK中的//configs/brokers/<default>

3、STATIC_BROKER_CONFIG：启动代理时使用的属性，通常来自server.properties文件

4、DEFAULT_CONFIG:KafkaConfig中定义的默认配置

config.dynamicConfig.initialize(Some(zkClient), clientMetricsReceiverPluginOpt = None)

五、启动KafkaController

_kafkaController = new KafkaController(config, zkClient, time, metrics, brokerInfo, brokerEpoch, tokenManager, brokerFeatures, metadataCache, threadNamePrefix)
kafkaController.startup()

1、KafkaController结构

class KafkaController(...){//事件管理private[controller] val eventManager = new ControllerEventManager(config.brokerId, this, time,controllerContext.stats.rateAndTimeMetrics)//如果brokerid = 当前的controllerid 那么就返回truedef isActive: Boolean = activeControllerId == config.brokerId@volatile private var brokerInfo = initialBrokerInfo@volatile private var _brokerEpoch = initialBrokerEpoch//启动def startup(): Unit = {zkClient.registerStateChangeHandler(new StateChangeHandler {//ControllerHandler = "controller-state-change-handler"override val name: String = StateChangeHandlers.ControllerHandleroverride def afterInitializingSession(): Unit = {eventManager.put(RegisterBrokerAndReelect)}override def beforeInitializingSession(): Unit = {val queuedEvent = eventManager.clearAndPut(Expire)//阻止新会话的初始化，直到处理过期事件，这确保在创建新会话之前已处理所有挂起的事件queuedEvent.awaitProcessing()}})eventManager.put(Startup)eventManager.start()}override def process(event: ControllerEvent): Unit = {event match {//.....case RegisterBrokerAndReelect =>processRegisterBrokerAndReelect()case Startup =>processStartup()//.....}}
}

1、ControllerEventManager结构

class ControllerEventManager(...){//用串行化队列代替锁private val queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue[QueuedEvent]//ControllerEventThreadName = "controller-event-thread"private[controller] var thread = new ControllerEventThread(ControllerEventThreadName)def start(): Unit = thread.start()def put(event: ControllerEvent): QueuedEvent = inLock(putLock) {val queuedEvent = new QueuedEvent(event, time.milliseconds())queue.put(queuedEvent)queuedEvent}class ControllerEventThread(name: String)  extends ShutdownableThread(...){override def doWork(): Unit = {//从队列获取事件，主要是controller相关的事件val dequeued = pollFromEventQueue()dequeued.event match {case controllerEvent =>def process(): Unit = dequeued.process(processor)}}}}
}

ControllerEventManager中的ControllerEventThread的父类是ShutdownableThread，它里面有真正的run()且调起了doWork()，doWork()又调起了process()，因此真正执行的是process()

public abstract class ShutdownableThread extends Thread {public abstract void doWork();public void run() {while (isRunning())doWork();}
}

这是一个死循环，也就是后面只要往队列中添加事件，会自动执行对应方法。从KafkaController的startup()中我们知道放了两个事件：RegisterBrokerAndReelect和Startup，下面我们来看看它们里面做了什么

2、RegisterBrokerAndReelect事件处理

  private def processRegisterBrokerAndReelect(): Unit = {_brokerEpoch = zkClient.registerBroker(brokerInfo)processReelect()}

1、向zookeeper注册broker

class KafkaZkClient private[zk] (...{def registerBroker(brokerInfo: BrokerInfo): Long = {//brokers/ids/brokeridval path = brokerInfo.path//创建 对应的 brokerid 的 临时znode节点，说明：当该brokers挂掉后会随之消失val stat = checkedEphemeralCreate(path, brokerInfo.toJsonBytes)info(s"Registered broker ${brokerInfo.broker.id} at path $path with addresses: " +s"${brokerInfo.broker.endPoints.map(_.connectionString).mkString(",")}, czxid (broker epoch): ${stat.getCzxid}")//返回czxid (broker epoch)stat.getCzxid}}

2、开始选举

class KafkaController(...){private def processReelect(): Unit = {maybeResign()elect()}private def maybeResign(): Unit = {val wasActiveBeforeChange = isActive//在zk上注册节点改变事件，当controller改变时触发，为下面的选举做铺垫zkClient.registerZNodeChangeHandlerAndCheckExistence(controllerChangeHandler)activeControllerId = zkClient.getControllerId.getOrElse(-1)if (wasActiveBeforeChange && !isActive) {//当当前broker辞去controller职务时触发onControllerResignation()}}private def elect(): Unit = {//获取 活动状态 contoller ，如果 集群已经启动了很长时间，新增了一台broker，那么此时会获得 当下的controller ，//如果此时集群刚刚启动，那么此时没有 活动状态的 controller ，返回的结果就是  -1activeControllerId = zkClient.getControllerId.getOrElse(-1)/** 我们可以在初始启动和handleDeleted ZK回调期间到达这里。由于潜在的竞争条件，当我们到达这里时，控制器可能已经被选中了。如果此代理已经是控制器，则此检查将防止以下createEphemeralPath方法进入无限循环。*/if (activeControllerId != -1) {//如果当下已经有 activeControllerId 那么就停止选举 ，否则继续往下走//Broker $activeControllerId 已被选为控制器，因此停止选举过程debug(s"Broker $activeControllerId has been elected as the controller, so stopping the election process.")return}//try中会发生如下情况//1、正常运行：当选controller//2、异常：//    1、ControllerMovedException //       1、其他broker成功当选controller//       2、controller已经当选，但刚刚离职，需要重新选举//    2、Throwable  该节点当选controller，但是就职时出错了。删除该controller,重新选举//       try {val (epoch, epochZkVersion) = zkClient.registerControllerAndIncrementControllerEpoch(config.brokerId)controllerContext.epoch = epochcontrollerContext.epochZkVersion = epochZkVersionactiveControllerId = config.brokerId//${config.brokerId}已成功当选为控制器。Epoch增加到${controllerContext.eepoch}，Epoch zk版本现在是${controller Context.eepoch ZkVersion}”info(s"${config.brokerId} successfully elected as the controller. Epoch incremented to ${controllerContext.epoch} " +s"and epoch zk version is now ${controllerContext.epochZkVersion}")//成功当选controller，并开始履行作为该角色的责任onControllerFailover()} catch {case e: ControllerMovedException =>//重新开始监听目录变化maybeResign()if (activeControllerId != -1)debug(s"代理$activeControllerId被选为控制器，而不是代理${config.brokerId}", e)elsewarn("管制员已经当选，但刚刚辞职，这将导致另一轮选举", e)case t: Throwable =>error(s"在代理${config.brokerId}上选择或成为控制器时出错。立即触发控制器移动", t)triggerControllerMove()}}}

在选举前zkClient注册的 controllerChangeHandler 事件其实就是观察 controller目录的变化

class ControllerChangeHandler(eventManager: ControllerEventManager) extends ZNodeChangeHandler {//controller目录override val path: String = ControllerZNode.pathoverride def handleCreation(): Unit = eventManager.put(ControllerChange)override def handleDeletion(): Unit = eventManager.put(Reelect)override def handleDataChange(): Unit = eventManager.put(ControllerChange)
}

六、总结

1、设置zookeeper，如：zookeeper.connect=hostname1:2181,hostname2:2181,hostname2:2181/kafka并创建持久化目录：consumers、brokers/ids、brokers/topics、config/changes、admin/delete_topics、brokers/seqid、isr_change_notification、latest_producer_id_block、log_dir_event_notification

2、验证元数据属性集成是否有效，主要时看每个broker是否有了唯一的id

3、将每个broker的id注册到zookeeper

4、启动KafkaController

5、启动ControllerEventThread线程并不断消费LinkedBlockingQueue中事件

6、向队列注册RegisterBrokerAndReelect事件、Startup事件

7、首先处理RegisterBrokerAndReelect事件

8、向zookeeper注册broker，并建立临时znode

9、注册controllerChangeHandler 事件其实就是观察 controller目录的变化

10、每个broker开始向zookeeper将自己注册为controller

11、正常情况下只有一个broker成功注册成功，其他broker抛出ControllerMovedException继续监控controller目录的变化

12、如果选举controller成功，但是在就职时失败会里面进行卸任工作，并进行新一轮选举