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使用PVE快速创建虚拟机集群并搭建docker环境

news 2026/4/4 15:06:26

安装Linux系统

这里以安装龙蜥操作系统AnolisOS8.9为例加以说明。
通过PVE后台上传操作系统ISO镜像。
在这里插入图片描述

然后在PVE上【创建虚拟机】，选定上传的龙蜥操作系统镜像进行系统安装。
注意：在安装过程中，要设定语言、时区、超管用户root的密码、普通用户k8s的账号和密码、内存、磁盘大小等参数。超管用户与普通用户的密码尽量保持一致，来回切换懒得匹配不同的密码。
安装好系统后，如果通过命令sudo su无法提升权限，需要把当前用户加入

# 切换root超管用户
su root# 编辑/etc/sudoers
vi /etc/sudoers# 然后在下面%wheel的下面添加一行，如安装操作系统时创建的普通用户为k8s，则添加%k8s这一行内容
## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
%wheel  ALL=(ALL)       ALL
%k8s    ALL=(ALL)       ALL

保存配置后退出。
为了加快服务器访问速度，还要配置域名解析文件。
编辑Dns解析配置文件，路径在/etc/resolv.conf。

# vi /etc/resolv.conf
search local
nameserver 211.xx.xx.xx     # 域名服务器地址

配置静态IP

编辑网卡配置文件，这里的网卡使用ens18，配置文件在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens18。注意：不同系统路径可能有差别，根据实际使用的网卡及系统进行配置。

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens18
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static           # 静态IP方式
IPADDR=172.xx.xx.22        # 具体的IP
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=172.xx.xx.1        # 网关，不一定为.1
DNS1=211.xx.xx.xx          # DNS地址解析服务器DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=eui64
NAME=ens18
UUID=xx-xx-xx
DEVICE=ens18
ONBOOT=on                 # 静态网卡跟随系统一起启动

克隆虚拟机

克隆创建好的虚拟机，只需修改hosts和静态IP即可。

修改/etc/hosts中的hostname
修改静态IP
在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens18

安装基础包

安装wget包

[root@localhost soft]# yum install -y wget
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:09 ago on Thu 09 Jan 2025 04:10:30 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================Package                                     Architecture                           Version                                              Repository                                 Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:wget                                        x86_64                                 1.19.5-12.0.1.an8                                    AppStream                                 705 k
Installing dependencies:libmetalink                                 x86_64                                 0.1.3-7.0.1.an8                                      BaseOS                                     30 kTransaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  2 PackagesTotal download size: 735 k
Installed size: 2.7 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): wget-1.19.5-12.0.1.an8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                 136 kB/s | 705 kB     00:05    
(2/2): libmetalink-0.1.3-7.0.1.an8.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                            4.1 kB/s |  30 kB     00:07    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                                                                    101 kB/s | 735 kB     00:07     
AnolisOS-8 - AppStream                                                                                                                                   158 kB/s | 3.0 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x4873F7C5:Userid     : "Anolis OS <os@openanolis.org>"Fingerprint: F87D B652 2967 855E 986F 840C 6191 4008 4873 F7C5From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ANOLIS
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transactionPreparing        :                                                                                                                                                                 1/1 Installing       : libmetalink-0.1.3-7.0.1.an8.x86_64                                                                                                                              1/2 Installing       : wget-1.19.5-12.0.1.an8.x86_64                                                                                                                                   2/2 Running scriptlet: wget-1.19.5-12.0.1.an8.x86_64                                                                                                                                   2/2 Verifying        : wget-1.19.5-12.0.1.an8.x86_64                                                                                                                                   1/2 Verifying        : libmetalink-0.1.3-7.0.1.an8.x86_64                                                                                                                              2/2 Installed:libmetalink-0.1.3-7.0.1.an8.x86_64                                                            wget-1.19.5-12.0.1.an8.x86_64                                                           Complete!
[root@localhost soft]# 
[root@localhost soft]# rpm -qa|grep "wget"
wget-1.19.5-12.0.1.an8.x86_64
[root@localhost soft]# 
[root@localhost soft]# wget https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.12.1/harbor-offline-installer-v2.12.1.tgz
--2025-01-09 16:13:00--  https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.12.1/harbor-offline-installer-v2.12.1.tgz
Resolving github.com (github.com)... 
20.205.243.166
Connecting to github.com (github.com)|20.205.243.166|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/50613991/806eb4e2-6da8-42f1-888f-29d44c0d9a96?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20250109%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250109T081305Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=f82138a7280433879a3ea8c62d5325709a734884ce732cb12f42415b7859eb29&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dharbor-offline-installer-v2.12.1.tgz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream [following]
--2025-01-09 16:13:06--  https://objects.githubusercontent.com/github-production-release-asset-2e65be/50613991/806eb4e2-6da8-42f1-888f-29d44c0d9a96?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=releaseassetproduction%2F20250109%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250109T081305Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Signature=f82138a7280433879a3ea8c62d5325709a734884ce732cb12f42415b7859eb29&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3Dharbor-offline-installer-v2.12.1.tgz&response-content-type=application%2Foctet-stream
Resolving objects.githubusercontent.com (objects.githubusercontent.com)... 185.199.108.133, 185.199.111.133, 185.199.110.133, ...
Connecting to objects.githubusercontent.com (objects.githubusercontent.com)|185.199.108.133|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 703617262 (671M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘harbor-offline-installer-v2.12.1.tgz’harbor-offline-installer-v2.12.1.tgz           100%[=================================================================================================>] 671.02M  21.9MB/s    in 29s     2025-01-09 16:13:35 (23.5 MB/s) - ‘harbor-offline-installer-v2.12.1.tgz’ saved [703617262/703617262][root@localhost soft]# 
[root@localhost soft]# 
[root@localhost soft]# ls -alh
total 672M
drwxrwxr-x  2 k8s  k8s    50 Jan  9 16:13 .
drwx------. 3 k8s  k8s    95 Jan  9 15:52 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 672M Dec 24 15:03 harbor-of

制作快照

对上面创建好的3台虚拟机初始环境创建快照，方便后面回滚使用初始安装的Linux系统重新部署新环境使用。

配置docker环境

更新yum源

更新软件源中的包。

yum update

安装底层工具

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

添加阿里云仓库

# 添加阿里云的docker镜像仓库
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

刷新源信息

yum makecache --timer

下载docker-ce

使用yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io命令安装docker相关资源包，更新龙蜥8.9的软件园后，安装的docker版本呢是26.1.3，还是比较新的。

[root@localhost harbor]# yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                                                                                                                6.3 kB/s |  66 kB     00:10    
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================================================================================================Package                                        Architecture                Version                                                          Repository                             Size
=========================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:containerd.io                                  x86_64                      1.6.32-3.1.el8                                                   docker-ce-stable                       35 Mdocker-ce                                      x86_64                      3:26.1.3-1.el8                                                   docker-ce-stable                       27 Mdocker-ce-cli                                  x86_64                      1:26.1.3-1.el8                                                   docker-ce-stable                      7.8 M
Installing dependencies:container-selinux                              noarch                      2:2.229.0-2.module+an8.9.0+11261+8fb088a9                        AppStream                              70 kfuse-common                                    x86_64                      3.3.0-19.an8                                                     BaseOS                                 21 kfuse-overlayfs                                 x86_64                      1.13-1.0.1.module+an8.9.0+11261+8fb088a9                         AppStream                              69 kfuse3                                          x86_64                      3.3.0-19.an8                                                     BaseOS                                 54 kfuse3-libs                                     x86_64                      3.3.0-19.an8                                                     BaseOS                                 95 klibcgroup                                      x86_64                      2.0-1.0.1.an8                                                    BaseOS                                 78 klibslirp                                       x86_64                      4.4.0-2.module+an8.9.0+11257+d476ec85                            AppStream                              69 kslirp4netns                                    x86_64                      1.2.3-1.module+an8.9.0+11261+8fb088a9                            AppStream                              55 k
Installing weak dependencies:docker-buildx-plugin                           x86_64                      0.14.0-1.el8                                                     docker-ce-stable                       14 Mdocker-ce-rootless-extras                      x86_64                      26.1.3-1.el8                                                     docker-ce-stable                      5.0 Mdocker-compose-plugin                          x86_64                      2.27.0-1.el8                                                     docker-ce-stable                       13 M
Enabling module streams:container-tools                                                            an8

验证docker是否安装成功

[root@localhost harbor]# docker -v
Docker version 26.1.3, build b72abbb

展示出具体的docker版本，即说明docker安装成功。

组建k8s集群

敬请关注后续文章。

参考

龙蜥Linux系统部署docker21.1.3版本
手把手教你搭建Docker私有仓库Harbor
Docker部署私有仓库（registry&Harbor）
内网环境下离线安装Docker
Anolis8.8安装docker-ce
自建Docker镜像加速服务，基于官方 registry 一键部署Docker、K8s、Quay、Ghcr、Mcr、elastic、nvcr等镜像加速/管理服务
Docker/DockerHub 国内镜像源/加速列表（1月6日更新-长期维护）