STM32——HAL库开发笔记19（串口中断接收实验）（参考来源：b站铁头山羊）

本实验，我们以中断的方式使得串口发送数据控制LED的闪烁速度，发送1，慢闪；发送2，速度正常；发送3，快闪。

一、电路连接图

二、实现思路&CubeMx配置

1、实现控制LED的闪烁速度

uint32_t blinkInterval = 1000;  //闪灯间隔void main(){while(1){//点亮LEDHAL_Delay(blinkInterval);//熄灭LEDHAL_Delay(blinkInterval);}
}

将uint32_t blinkInterval = 1000;写在下图所示位置

闪灯程序如下：

 while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_RESET);       //点亮LEDHAL_Delay(blinkInterval);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_RESET);     //熄灭LEDHAL_Delay(blinkInterval);/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}

通过串口接收命令

回到CubeMX.

使能中断

然后生成代码，等待后续操作。

三、编程接口

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive_IT(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart,uint8 t *pData,uint16t size);作用：使用中断方式来接受一定数量的数据
参数：huart  ：串口句柄指针pData : 填写接收缓冲区的指针size ：要接收数据的数量此外，还需要个回调函数void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart);所以size字节接收完成后调用该函数例：用中断方式接收5个字节的数组
uint8_t dataRcvd[5];  //接收缓冲区void main(void){HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1,dataRcvd , 5);while(1){//常规程序}}void  HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(...)        //回调函数
{//处理数据print(dataRcvd);
}

四、编程思路

五、代码（main.c)

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2025 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
static uint32_t blinkInterval = 1000;
static uint8_t dataRcvd;
/* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *///  中断程序
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)            
{if (huart == &huart1)     //判断传过来的是不是句柄1的句柄{if (dataRcvd == '1'){blinkInterval = 1000;}else if(dataRcvd == '2'){blinkInterval = 300;}else if(dataRcvd == '3'){blinkInterval = 50;}HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1 , &dataRcvd , 1);}
}
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *//* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1 , &dataRcvd , 1);while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC , GPIO_PIN_13 , GPIO_PIN_RESET);HAL_Delay(blinkInterval);HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC , GPIO_PIN_13 , GPIO_PIN_SET);HAL_Delay(blinkInterval);/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

最后将代码编译下载即可实现本实验功能。