【C++游戏开发-五子棋】

使用C++开发五子棋游戏的详细实现方案，涵盖核心逻辑、界面设计和AI对战功能：

1. 项目结构

FiveChess/
├── include/
│ ├── Board.h // 棋盘类
│ ├── Player.h // 玩家类
│ ├── AI.h // AI类
│ └── Game.h // 游戏主逻辑
├── src/
│ ├── Board.cpp // 棋盘实现
│ ├── Player.cpp // 玩家实现
│ ├── AI.cpp // AI实现
│ ├── Game.cpp // 游戏主逻辑实现
│ └── main.cpp // 程序入口
├── CMakeLists.txt // CMake构建文件
└── README.md // 项目说明

2. 核心类设计

2.1 棋盘类（Board.h）

#ifndef BOARD_H
#define BOARD_H#include <vector>
#include <iostream>class Board {
public:static const int SIZE = 15; // 棋盘大小Board();void display() const; // 显示棋盘bool placeStone(int x, int y, int player); // 落子bool checkWin(int x, int y) const; // 检查是否胜利bool isFull() const; // 棋盘是否已满int getCell(int x, int y) const; // 获取棋盘格状态private:std::vector<std::vector<int>> grid; // 棋盘网格bool checkDirection(int x, int y, int dx, int dy) const; // 检查方向
};#endif

2.2 玩家类（Player.h）

#ifndef PLAYER_H
#define PLAYER_Hclass Player {
public:Player(int id);int getId() const;virtual void makeMove(Board& board) = 0; // 落子方法protected:int id; // 玩家ID（1或2）
};#endif

2.3 AI类（AI.h）

#ifndef AI_H
#define AI_H#include "Player.h"
#include "Board.h"class AI : public Player {
public:AI(int id);void makeMove(Board& board) override;private:int evaluate(const Board& board) const; // 评估函数int minimax(Board& board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, int alpha, int beta); // Minimax算法
};#endif

2.4 游戏类（Game.h）

#ifndef GAME_H
#define GAME_H#include "Board.h"
#include "Player.h"class Game {
public:Game();void start(); // 开始游戏private:Board board;Player* player1;Player* player2;int currentPlayer;void switchPlayer(); // 切换玩家
};#endif

3. 核心逻辑实现

3.1 棋盘类实现（Board.cpp）

#include "Board.h"
#include <iostream>Board::Board() : grid(SIZE, std::vector<int>(SIZE, 0)) {}void Board::display() const {std::cout << "  ";for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) std::cout << i % 10 << " ";std::cout << "\n";for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) {std::cout << i % 10 << " ";for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; ++j) {std::cout << (grid[i][j] == 0 ? "." : (grid[i][j] == 1 ? "X" : "O")) << " ";}std::cout << "\n";}
}bool Board::placeStone(int x, int y, int player) {if (x < 0 || x >= SIZE || y < 0 || y >= SIZE || grid[x][y] != 0) return false;grid[x][y] = player;return true;
}bool Board::checkWin(int x, int y) const {int directions[4][2] = {{1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 1}, {1, -1}};for (auto& dir : directions) {if (checkDirection(x, y, dir[0], dir[1]) + checkDirection(x, y, -dir[0], -dir[1]) >= 4)return true;}return false;
}bool Board::checkDirection(int x, int y, int dx, int dy) const {int count = 0;int player = grid[x][y];while (x >= 0 && x < SIZE && y >= 0 && y < SIZE && grid[x][y] == player) {count++;x += dx;y += dy;}return count - 1;
}bool Board::isFull() const {for (const auto& row : grid)for (int cell : row)if (cell == 0) return false;return true;
}int Board::getCell(int x, int y) const {return grid[x][y];
}

3.2 AI类实现（AI.cpp）

#include "AI.h"
#include <algorithm>AI::AI(int id) : Player(id) {}void AI::makeMove(Board& board) {int bestScore = -1000;int bestX = -1, bestY = -1;for (int i = 0; i < Board::SIZE; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < Board::SIZE; ++j) {if (board.getCell(i, j) == 0) {board.placeStone(i, j, id);int score = minimax(board, 3, false, -1000, 1000);board.placeStone(i, j, 0); // 撤销落子if (score > bestScore) {bestScore = score;bestX = i;bestY = j;}}}}board.placeStone(bestX, bestY, id);
}int AI::evaluate(const Board& board) const {// 简单评估函数return 0;
}int AI::minimax(Board& board, int depth, bool isMaximizing, int alpha, int beta) {if (depth == 0) return evaluate(board);if (isMaximizing) {int maxEval = -1000;for (int i = 0; i < Board::SIZE; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < Board::SIZE; ++j) {if (board.getCell(i, j) == 0) {board.placeStone(i, j, id);int eval = minimax(board, depth - 1, false, alpha, beta);board.placeStone(i, j, 0);maxEval = std::max(maxEval, eval);alpha = std::max(alpha, eval);if (beta <= alpha) break;}}}return maxEval;} else {int minEval = 1000;for (int i = 0; i < Board::SIZE; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < Board::SIZE; ++j) {if (board.getCell(i, j) == 0) {board.placeStone(i, j, 3 - id);int eval = minimax(board, depth - 1, true, alpha, beta);board.placeStone(i, j, 0);minEval = std::min(minEval, eval);beta = std::min(beta, eval);if (beta <= alpha) break;}}}return minEval;}
}

4. 主程序（main.cpp）

#include "Game.h"int main() {Game game;game.start();return 0;
}

5. 编译与运行

CMake配置（CMakeLists.txt）

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(FiveChess)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)include_directories(include)
file(GLOB SOURCES "src/*.cpp")add_executable(FiveChess ${SOURCES})

编译与运行

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
./FiveChess

6. 扩展功能

图形界面：使用SFML或SDL2替换控制台界面。

网络对战：集成Socket实现多人对战。

AI优化：引入Alpha-Beta剪枝、启发式搜索等优化算法。

通过以上实现，您可以快速开发一个功能完整的五子棋游戏！