Python 实现接口类的两种方式+邮件提醒+动态导入模块+反射（参考Django中间件源码）

实现抽象类的两种方式

方式一

from abc import ABCMeta
from abc import abstractmethodclass BaseMessage(metaclass=ABCMeta):@abstractmethoddef send(self,subject,body,to,name):pass

方式二

class BaseMessage(object):def send(self, subject, body, to, name):raise NotImplementedError('未实现send方法')

邮件提醒

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr
from .base import BaseMessageclass Email(BaseMessage):def __init__(self):self.email = "寄件人的邮箱地址"self.user = "寄件人姓名"self.pwd = '邮箱密码或SMTP授权码'def send(self,subject,body,to,name):''':param subject: 主题:param body: 内容:param to:接受者:param name:接受者姓名:return:'''msg = MIMEText(body, 'plain', 'utf-8')  # 发送内容msg['From'] = formataddr([self.user,self.email])  # 发件人msg['To'] = formataddr([name, to])  # 收件人msg['Subject'] = subject # 主题server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.126.com", 25) # SMTP服务server.login(self.email, self.pwd) # 邮箱用户名和密码server.sendmail(self.email, [to, ], msg.as_string()) # 发送者和接收者server.quit()

动态导入模块+反射

settings

# ################## 自定义消息提醒的配置 ###################
MESSAGE_CLASSES = ['utils.message.email.Email','utils.message.msg.Msg','utils.message.wx.WeChat','utils.message.dingding.DingDing',
]

import importlib
from django.conf import settings
def send_message(to,name,subject,body):"""短信、邮件、微信:param to: 接受者:param name: 接受者姓名:param subject: 主题:param body: 内容:return:"""for cls_path in settings.MESSAGE_CLASSES:# cls_path是字符串module_path,class_name = cls_path.rsplit('.',maxsplit=1)　　# 得到模块名的地址和模块里的一个类名（都是字符串）m = importlib.import_module(module_path)　　# 导入模块obj = getattr(m,class_name)()·# 通过反射，得到字符串class_name对应的类，并实例化obj.send(subject,body,to,name,)　　# 执行对应的send方法