Shell脚本学习-for循环结构2

案例：通过脚本实现仅sshd、rsyslog、crond、network、sysstat服务在开机时自启动。

Linux系统在开机的服务通常工作在文本模式3级别，因此只需要查找3级别以上的开启的服务即可。查看命令：

chkconfig --list |grep 3:on

[root@vm1 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep 3:onNote: This output shows SysV services only and does not include nativesystemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by nativesystemd configuration.If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.To see services enabled on particular target use'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.network         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[root@vm1 ~]#

默认情况下开启的服务比较少，只有network。

[root@vm1 ~]# for name in `chkconfig --list |grep 3:on|awk '{print $1}'`;do chkconfig --level 3 $name off;doneNote: This output shows SysV services only and does not include nativesystemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by nativesystemd configuration.If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.To see services enabled on particular target use'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.[root@vm1 ~]# for name in crond network rsyslog sshd sysstat;do chkconfig --level 3 $name on;done
Note: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable crond.service'.
Note: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable rsyslog.service'.
Note: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable sshd.service'.
error reading information on service sysstat: No such file or directory[root@vm1 ~]# chkconfig --list |grep 3:on

说明：将默认开启的服务都关闭，然后开启需要开启的服务。

方法2：

[root@vm1 ~]# for name in `chkconfig --list|grep 3:on|awk '{print $1}'|grep -vE "crond|network|sshd|rsyslog|sysstat"`;do chkconfig $name off;doneNote: This output shows SysV services only and does not include nativesystemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by nativesystemd configuration.If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.To see services enabled on particular target use'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

Linux系统管理员，需要遵循的原则是最小化原则，尽量不安装不使用的软件，尽量不开启不需要开启的服务，只要不用，就不开启。

我们再理解下for循环语句的结构。chkconfig命令获取到取值变量列表，然后for循环语句“遍历”这个列表，进行处理。